Dr Smaranika Pattnaik

Sambalpur University · School of Life Sciences

This book provides a complete course on Bacterial Genomics. It consists relevant information on features of Pathogenic Islands (PAIs), Identification and typification of bacterial strains with clinical relevance, the origin and spread of drug resistance by using hgt mechanisms, Bacterial genome editing strategies, Bacterial whole genome projects, C...

Background: Spilanthes acmella is used as a remedy in toothache complaints by the tribal people of Western part of Odisha, India. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the growth-arresting activity of an indigenous Acmella essential oil (EO) (S. acmella Murr, Asteraceae) and its isolated component, d-limonene against Trichophyton r...

Five aromatic constituents of essential oils (cineole, citral, geraniol, linalool and menthol) were tested for antimicrobial activity against eighteen bacteria (including Gram-positive cocci and rods, and Gram-negative rods) and twelve fungi (three yeast-like and nine filamentous). In terms of antibacterial activity linalool was the most effective...

The four essential oils (aromatic plant products) from palmarosa (Pm), lemongrass (Lg), peppermint (Pt) and eucalyptus (Eu) plants were found to be bactericidal to Escherichia coli strain SP-11, at a concentration of 1.66 (Pm, Lg and Eu) or 2.5 (Pt) microl ml-1. This effect was observed both at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C and was not prevented by...

Three nosocomial fungal strains were isolated from the local environment and encoded as NBF2, NBF3 and NBF7. The luxuriantly grown fungi in PDA, SDA and RBA were observed with slender entangled mycelia and black sporogonium. The SEM analysis made with the said fungi showed that three strains have similar morphology of sporangiospores with striped s...

Indeed, considerable efforts have been made in the domain of silver nanoparticles, including the construction and wide‐ranging applications. This work involves the synthesis and characterization of salophen anchored silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and its utilization for selective detection of Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions in DMSO. These AgNPs were synthesized...

For successful management of pollution problems, the use of bacteria is now a popular and widespread technique. Alcaligenes faecalis , an inhabitant of the natural environment, is equipped with machinery for cleaning up different types of contaminants, including heavy metals and xenobiotics. A. faecalis , a gram‐negative, flagellated, nonfermentive...

The secondary metabolites isolated from microbes and exhibits either antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoans)

Actinomycetes are considered as a natural sink for production of antibiotics. Since many decades, the actinomycetes have drawn attention to mankind because of synthesis of bioactive metabolites. Among these antibiotics are considered to be the most potent biomolecules effective against infectious agents including bacteria, viruses and more of funga...

Lovastatin, also known as the brand name product Mevacor, is a lipid-lowering drug and fungal metabolite derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. Originally named Mevinolin, lovastatin belongs to the statin class of medications, which are used to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and manage abnormal lipid lev...

The secondary metabolites isolated from microbes and exhibits either antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoans), antitumor and/or antiviral activities, used to be called as antibiotics. Secondary metabolites are also known as bioactive metabolites which work against microbes. There are more than 70% of the antibiotics can be obtai...

This work explores the complex realm of ethno medicinal plants (EMPs) as rich sources of a multitude of phytochemicals, with a specific emphasis on their potential as primary therapeutic compounds in the pharmaceutical sector. Ethnomedicinal plants, seen as natural sources of bioactive compounds, include a vast amount of secondary metabolites, some...

This communication reports about detection of metabolically active genes of interest cell free extract of actinomycetal isolates from Pond soil. The strain LMA4 previously identified as Microbacterium barkeri, based on biotyping as well as 16 s r RNA sequencing, was observed with moderate bioactivity against test strains of Staphylococcus aureus an...

Medicinal plants are the nature’s best gift to mankind, with adequate source of medicaments, the phytoconstituents which have tremendous importance in pharmaceutical industry. The phytoconstituents are synthesized in a plant purposefully to defend against the adverse conditions, specifically stress. Hence, the stress factors like elevation of tempe...

Actinomycetes are considered a never-ending treasure trove of biometabolites, which always fascinated researchers. However, to combat with newly emerging bacterial strains, the search for novel or analogs of existing therapeutic agents is recommended. In this context, this research work was carried out to search for a biopotent Actinomycetal strain...

l-methionine is an essential amino acid for human nutrition. Its global market demand is expanding gradually. Even though large scale production of stereo-specific amino acids by fermentation was initiated with the isolation of l-glutamic acid overproducer strain in 1957, but due to several drawbacks, l-methionine fermentation in large scale was no...

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) exhibits a host of complications that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality at the youngest ages. Objectives: The aim of this investigation is to look into the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and renal function in Indian patients with SCA. Patients and Methods: About 190 SCA patients confirm...

This is important to mention that antibiotic therapy is most prioritized approach to subside bacteria generated infections. The emergence of multi drug resistance (MDR) conferred by the clinically relevant bacterial isolates is observed to be a serious threat for the developing countries like India. The bacteria being smart enough deploy more than...

The present investigation was undertaken to predict the amount of Lglutamic acid production by a mutant Corynebacterium glutamicum X680 using mathematical model emphasizing Bona and Moser (1997) hypotheses. This model was able to predict the experimental data with the minimum value of sum squares of weighted residues (sswr) 0.161. This model claime...

Leonurus sibiricus (Red verticilla, honeyweed) is a type of herbaceous plant predominantly found in Asian subcontinents as weed in crop fields and is widely used for treating diabetes, bronchitis, and menstrual irregularities. However, there is a dearth of study in the application of the plant phytocompounds for treating biofilm-associated chronic...

The multidrug-resistant bacteria organize biofilm in a systematic way to resist the action of prescribed antibiotics. The biofilm is established on the surfaces of medical implants used for the treatment. In this context, patients introduced with catheter tubes, often infected with strains Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suffer long-term...

blaNDM-1 gene express β-lactamase enzyme that can hydrolyze β-lactam rings, hence the candidate bacteria manifests multidrug resistance, even minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) cannot be determined, if it is determined it is very high. These bacteria are conventionally called pandrug-resistant bacteria. Most commonly the gene occupies a positio...

FtsZ (filament temperature-sensitive) is a conservative protein that has an active leadership role during bacterial binary fission. The function is very much similar to the eukaryotic tubulin protein. This protein, helping bacterial cell division can be inhibited by bioactive compounds from plants. Computer-aided drug designing is an effective plat...

Exosomes being non-ionized micro-vesicles with a size range of 30–100 nm possess the ability to bring about intracellular communication and intercellular transport of various types of cellular components like miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. This is achieved through the targeted transmission of various inclusions to nearby or distant tissues. This i...

L-glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid largely used as flavor enhancer and food additive. It also has several therapeutic applications. Fermentation has gained superiority over its chemical synthesis as it produced stereo-specific isomer. Corynebacterium glutamicum is mostly used microorganism for Lglutamic acid fermentation. The study was d...

L-glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid largely used as flavor enhancer and food additive. It also has several therapeutic applications. Fermentation has gained superiority over its chemical synthesis as it produced stereo-specific isomer. Corynebacterium glutamicum is mostly used microorganism for L-glutamic acid fermentation. The study was...

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in diabetes patients. The angiotensin AGT M235T gene polymorphism, which is linked to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), has been extensively studied in DN patients, but the results are still conflicting. The current study’s goal is to conduct a met...

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a chronic illness associated with acute and chronic hemolytic anemia, recurrent vaso-occlusion episodes, intense pain, progressive multiple organ damage, and early mortality. Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCA. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in wo...

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a severe disease characterized by anemia, acute clinical complications, and a relatively short life span. In this disease, abnormal hemoglobin makes the red blood cells deformed, rigid, and sticky. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is one of the key modulators of SCA morbidity and mortality. Interindividual HbF variation is a herit...

The release of petroleum and petroleum derivatives, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in the environment owing to anthropogenic activities, has become a major global threat to human health and ecological equilibrium. It causes a number of diseases and petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) compounds bind to soil components, making their removal...

The biggest challenge in the present-day healthcare scenario is the rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance due to the rampant use of antibiotics in daily therapeutics. Such drug resistance is associated with the enhancement of microbial virulence and the acquisition of the ability to evade the host's immune response under the shelte...

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common genetic disorder that is caused due to mutation of the β globin gene. Although SCA is a monogenic disorder, the clinical presentation varies greatly among patients. The present study was designed to be a cross sectional study, aimed at analysing the SCA severity and its association with different clinical...

Fermentation process has been initiated for amino acid production through the discovery of L-glutamic acid overproducing microorganism (Micrococcus glutamicus or Corynebacterium glutamicum) by a Japanese scientists' group headed by Kinoshita in 1956. Since then, several trials have been made to commercialize the process through isolation, character...

Biotechnology, being the most promising area of research, has created footprints in therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment and energy production. Designated as a central branch of applied science that utilizes living organisms and their derivatives to produce products a...

In time, diagnosis and detection of virulence factor and its pathogenomics study continues to grow and this leads to novel treatments for infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to detect and characterise virulence genes in a haemolytic strain of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and molecular interaction studies with herbal essential oil...

The talk was delivered as a resource person

In the present clinical scenario, the prolonged therapeutic approaches against chronic infectious diseases are primarily due to the formation of biofilm. Although the bacterial strains express a cascade of resistant mechanisms, biofilm is considered as the most important drug-resistant strategy as opted by the candidate bacteria. Considering cystic...

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches is the primary requisite for establishment of genetic linkages and detection of genes of interest. Considering foodborne microbial strains of clinical relevance, it is observed that the whole world is suffering from foodborne pathogenesis. Hence, researches have been co...

The present investigation was undertaken to improve L-glutamic acid production by a biotin auxotrophic mutant Coryne-bacterium glutamicum X680. For this purpose, culture conditions were optimized. In this regard, different physical and nutritional parameters were examined. The culture was incubated in 100 ml Erlenmeyer conical flasks in an incubato...

L-glutamic acid is a proteinigenic, non-essential amino acid Microorganism: A biotin auxutrophic mutantCorynebacterium glutamicum X680 was used throughout the study 4. Composition of the growth medium: The bacterial growth medium was composed of (g%): glucose, 2%; peptone, 0.5%; yeast extract, 0.1%; beef extract, 0.3%; K 2 HPO 4 , 0.1%; KH 2 PO 4 ,...

Cr(VI), one of the most common ground waters heavy metal contaminant due to its indiscriminateuse in different industries has become a matter of major environmental concern. So, it is desirable that remediation methods should be such that brings its level within the permissible limits before effluents are discharged. The methods should be cheap as...

The origin of Coronavirus

The Tyr113His and His139Arg polymorphisms in microsomal epoxide gene (EPHX1) have been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the results are inconclusive. Considering the functional importance of these polymorphisms and heterogeneity in genetic association studies, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the associati...

Several prospective cohort and case-control studies have provided strong evidence describing an association between alcohol consumption and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies on the association of ADH1B Arg47His and ALDH2 Glu487Lys variants with CRC risk were inconclusive. In this chapter we aimed to elucidate the genetic associations of the...

Aromatic and medicinal plants have been used as antimicrobial agents since time immemorial, though there has been a stark decline in the total quantitative use in recent times. Nonetheless they have been used, albeit with little or no precision in the knowledge of their modes of actions. Recent studies have indicated that different components of es...

Background The introduction of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) that target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), mark a huge step forward in the Pancreatic Cancer (PC) therapy. However, anti-EGFR therapy found to be successful only in a fraction of patients. Although anti-EGFR agents have sho...

Biotyping and Phylogenetic analysis

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive renal disease characterized by persistent albuminuria that leads to end-stage renal disease in both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a major role in the onset and progression of DN. Objectives: The present meta-a...

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common craniofacial malformation. Irregular folate metabolism plays a significant role in the etiopathology of NSCLP. In this study, we aim to examine the association of the maternal and cleft child methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms (C677 T and A1298C) wi...

Induction of Young minds with suggestions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Kocuria marina (BMKo1) derived Lactic acid against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC-613) infections induced on male Swiss Albino mice model (Mus musculus). For this purpose, the isolated strain was subjected to ‘flask fermentation’ and the Lactic acid produced as fermentation product, w...

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive renal disease characterized by persistent albuminuria that leads to end-stage renal disease in both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a major role in the onset and progression of DN. Objectives: The present meta-ana...

An actinomycetes (DST-4) strain was isolated from soil of Hirakud dyke, Western Odisha, India. The isolated actinomycetes strain was subjected to 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing and the sequence in FASTA format was analysed at National Centre Biotechnology Information (NCBI) portal using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis. The sequ...

The recent survey is apprehensive about emergence of drug resistant strains dominating in clinical set ups provoking clinicians to reach a therapeutic limit. There is an ongoing struggle, to identify effective antibacterial agents with minimum side effects. In this context, essential oils the prominent secondary metabolites of medicinal plants have...

The spread of virulent factors by hgt (Horizontal gene transfer) among bacterial strains causes community acquired infections in tertiary care hospital leading to emergence of PDR (Pan Drug Resistant) strains. This phenomenon is matter of great concern worldwide, now-a-days. Therefore, it is a high time to find alternative chemotherapeutic agents t...

This work was intended to correlate the drug resistance among the clinical as well as nosocomial bacterial strains with plasmid profile of respective strains. The antibiogram study of thirty-seven Gram-negative bacterial strains was made by using nine numbers of commonly prescribed antibiotics (Ampicillin, Penicillin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Tetr...

This work was intended to correlate the drug resistance among the clinical as well as nosocomial bacterial strains with plasmid profile of respective strains. The antibiogram study of thirty-seven Gram-negative bacterial strains was made by using nine numbers of commonly prescribed antibiotics (Ampicillin, Penicillin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Tetr...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the wound healing effect of topical formulation of Lantana camara Linn flower water distillate in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The water distillate of Lantana camara Linn flowers were made into oil based pro-formulation and tested for the ‘wound healing’ activity on excision and incision wound models in albino...

Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process and different mechanisms are involved in their attachment and growth. The formation of microbial biofilms is an important reason for failure of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm-associated infections r...

Drug resistance towards multiple no of prescribed antibiotics is related to the horizontal gene transfer in community-acquired infections. Plasmids being the potential carrier of drug-resistant genes, it is a mandate to make a correlation study between the degree of drug resistance among and the plasmid profile of test bacteria.

The flowers of Spillanthes acmella (Asteraceae) Murr., was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevengers apparatus. From the GC-MS data, 16 peaks were observed. The highest peak in the form of percentage (area) was 51.08. Further, the hydrodistillate of Spilanthes was studied for its antibacterial efficacy against a clinical bacterial isolate, Mor...

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is spotted as skin invasive dermatophyte. Further the strain is found to have endowed with innate drug avoidance mechanism. In topical countries, chronic dermatophytic infections are always in flash reports. In this tricky situation, ecofriendly, cost effective and safe medicinal principles from plants may be used reliab...

Nosocomial (Hospital acquired) bacterial strains were isolated from the premises of V.S.S. Medical College and Hospital, Burla, Odisha. The strains were preliminarily characterized by using "Routine diagnostic methods" and were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Bacillus sp. respectively. The resistance nature of all the nosocomial stra...

There is need for acknowledgment of specific Ag (s), so that a vaccine candidate may be recognized against the dreaded strains like Salmonella sp. the causal organism for Typhoid. We have taken an effort to screen an isolated bacterial strain isolated from village pond water for its immune modulating activity. Four groups of mice were taken as a te...

The essential oil of Cinnamon, Peppermint, Cardamom and Orange tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans strains, isolated from regular patients of V.S.S. medical college Burla. Attempts have been made for determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration as well as the antimicrobial activit...

The influence of the genetic background of Cymbopogon species on the antifungal activity of essential oils derived from the plants was investigated against three yeast-like and nine filamentous fungi. Essential oils from distinct strains of the aromatic grass Cymbopogon showed interspecific and intraspecific differences in antifungal activity.

The essential oils of aegle, ageratum, citronella, eucalyptus, geranium, lemongrass, orange, palmarosa, patchouli and peppermint, were tested for antibacterial activity against 22 bacteria, including Gram-positive cocci and rods and Gram-negative rods, and twelve fungi (3 yeast-like and 9 filamentous) by the disc diffusion method. Lemongrass, eucal...

VR-6, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, harboured a plasmid and was not inhibited by 20 microliters ml-1 of essential oils (eucalyptus, lemongrass, palmarosa, and peppermint). On treatment with acridine orange, a clone VR-6-AO-1 was obtained which was susceptible to 16.6 microliters ml-1 of eucalyptus or palmarosa oil. The plasmid DNA content of...

The influence of the genetic background of a plant on the antibacterial activity of essential oil derived from it was investigated. Essential oils from six distinct strains of Cymbopogon were tested against eighteen bacteria. Interspecific and intra-specific differences were evident in the antibacterial activity of the essential oils derived from t...

The essential oil of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) a common weed in Western region of Orissa was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp the strains were procured from Deptt. Of Microbiology, Burla, Sambalpur. Attempts have been made to quantitate the antibacterial activity by determining the MIC. Efforts were made...