Dr. Chander Prakash Yadav

• Ph.D. (Biostatistics)
• Scientist C at ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research

Background: India is committed to malaria elimination by the year 2030. According to the classification of malaria endemicity, the National Capital Territory of Delhi falls under category 1, with an annual parasite incidence of <1, and was targeted for elimination by 2022. Among others, population movement across states is one of the key challenge...

India experienced the second wave of SARS-CoV

Introduction India’s contribution to the malaria burden was highest in South-East Asia Region in 2021, accounting for 79% of the estimated malaria cases and 83% of malaria-related deaths. Intensified Malaria Control Programme supported by Global Funds to Fight against AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has deployed crucial interventions to reduce the o...

BACKGROUND Development of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vectors has necessitated the development of novel vector control tools. One such strategy involves the use of toxic sugar baits that targets the sugar‐feeding behaviour of mosquito vectors. In this study, we investigated the potential of polyols, as a toxic food (sugar) source in...

Background & objectives Malaria remains a complex challenge in India due to its diverse epidemiology, multi-ethnic population, and multiplicity of malaria vectors. While progress has been made in reducing malaria nationally, persistent pockets hinder elimination efforts. These challenges include hidden reservoirs, inadequate healthcare, suboptimal...

India has a substantial burden of undernutrition coupled with overweight and obesity at the other end of the spectrum of malnutrition. Nuh district, in the Haryana State in northern India, is an impoverished district in India. With an aim to investigate the problem of malnutrition in the community, a cross-sectional study was conducted in four vill...

The present study investigated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—rs479200 and rs516651 in the host EGLN1/PHD2 gene for their association with COVID-19 severity. A retrospective cohort of 158 COVID-19 patients from the Indian population (March 2020 to June 2021) was enrolled. Notably, the frequency of C allele (0.664) was twofold higher tha...

Background & objectives Despite significant progress in malaria control throughout India, Chhattisgarh continues to be a significant contributor to both malaria morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify key factors associated with malaria endemicity, with the goal of focusing on these factors for malaria elimination by 2030. Methods We...

Background: India is on track to eliminate malaria by 2030 but emerging resistance to first-line antimalarials is a recognised threat. Two instances of rapid development, spread, and natural selection of drug-resistant mutant parasites in India (chloroquine across the country and artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine [AS+SP] in the northeastern st...

Dengue and chikungunya have been endemic in India but have the tendency to cause periodic epidemics, often together, wherein they are termed ‘syndemic’. Such a syndemic was observed in 2016 in India which resulted in a further scarcity of already resource-poor specific diagnostic infrastructure even in many urban conglomerates. A cross-sectional st...

Introduction Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) has significant adverse effects on both mother and fetus. Pregnant women in regions with unstable malaria transmission are three times more vulnerable to infection. This study analysed malaria prevalence among pregnant women in Odisha, India from 2016 to 2020 and compared it with overall malaria rates. Socioe...

Background: India is on track to eliminate malaria by 2030 but emerging resistance to the first-line antimalarials is a recognized threat. As Artesunate+Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AS+SP) is the drug-of-choice for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in most of India, it becomes evident to systematically monitor the validated mutations in Pfdhfr and...

Malaria is a climate-sensitive disease and different climatic conditions affect the propagation of malaria vectors thereby influencing malaria incidence. The present study was undertaken to delineate malaria distribution across different climate types and sub-types in India and assess its significance as a malariometric in the ongoing elimination a...

India experienced the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 3 to June 10, 2021. During the second wave, Delta variant B.1617.2 emerged as the predominant strain, spiking cases from 12.5 million to 29.3 million (cumulative) by the end of the surge in India. Vaccines against COVID-19 are a potent tool to control and end the pandemic in addit...

Introduction Malaria and malnutrition are key public health challenges in India. However, the relationship between them is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to elucidate the potential interactions between the two health conditions by identifying the areas of their spatial overlap. Methods We have analysed the district-wise undernutrition and malar...

India has committed to zero indigenous malaria cases by 2027 and elimination by 2030. Of 28 states and 8 union territories of India, eleven states were targeted to reach the elimination phase by 2020. However, state-level epidemiology indicates that several states of India may not be on the optimum track, and few goals set in National Framework for...

India’s National Framework for malaria elimination is essentially dependent on Annual Parasite Incidence (API). API is the primary criterion for classifying states and districts into different categories: intensified control, pre-elimination, elimination, prevention and re-establishment of malaria. However, API’s validity is critically dependent on...

BACKGROUND Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel vector control tool that exploits the sugar feeding behavior of mosquitoes. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin‐based ATSB against insecticide susceptible and resistant strains of major Indian malaria vectors – Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi. ATSB wit...

Background: Dengue and chikungunya have been emerging as major vector-borne diseases. The global burden of the diseases is rising as a public health problem. The complexity of disease is governed by multiple constraints including only symptomatic treatment and inflicts heavy social and economic burden on society. The present study is designed to a...

Objective To study the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very and moderate preterm infants (VMPT) compared to term appropriate-for-age (term AGA) infants at 18-months corrected age. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutively born 212 VMPT infants and 250 term AGA controls delivered during study period. Outcome measures Ma...

Background & objectives: Robust forecasting of malaria cases is desirable as we are approaching towards malaria elimination in India. Methods enabling robust forecasting and timely case detection in unstable transmission areas are the need of the hour. Methods: Forecasting efficacy of the eight most prominent statistical models that are based on...

Background A digital dashboard can be an invaluable resource for the research community and can help analyze and visualize data as per the inputs provided by the user. In India, large data sets on malaria are available though presently no digital dashboard is being used to monitor and analyze the malaria data. Methods We have developed a dashboard...

Background The long-term maintenance of parasite biomass below the detection threshold of microscopy may stymie malaria elimination. Variation in microscopists’ competencies to detect and correctly identify parasite species reflect in microscopy sensitivity, resulting in incorrect species-specific burden. Methods The study estimated Plasmodium SMI...

Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) symptoms can range from asymptomatic, moderate to severe manifestations that result in an overall global case fatality rate of 2-7 %. While each variant has had it challenges, and some variants are more severe than others, risk factors of severe COVID-19 are still under investigation. In this context,...

Background For the success of any program, its implementation plays a crucial role. Community health workers are of immense importance for malaria elimination from India. Objective This study was aimed to assess the knowledge gaps and the responsible factors for mitanins' knowledge on various aspects of and problems faced by mitanins during their...

Plasmodium vivax malaria elimination requires radical cure with chloroquine/primaquine. However, primaquine causes hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient (G6PDd) individuals. Between February 2016 and July 2017 in Odisha State, India, a prospective, observational, active pharmacovigilance study assessed the hematologic safety of d...

Background Malaria is a main public health problem in India and was so particularly in the state of Gujarat in the western part of the country. This study assesses the effects of various interventions on malaria cases using data from the last 33 years (1987–2019). Methods Here we have analysed 33 years of malaria epidemiological data from a malari...

We describe the epidemiological characteristics and associated risk factors of those presenting at a large testing centre for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a retrospective record review of individuals who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at a high-throughput national-level government facility...

Background: Malaria elimination requires targeting asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infections that largely remain undetected. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection using conventional and molecular diagnostics. Methods: A total of 9118 participants, irres...

Background Diphtheria is re-emerging as a public health problem in several Indian states. Most diphtheria cases are among children older than 5 years. In this study, we aimed to estimate age-specific immunity against diphtheria in children aged 5–17 years in India. Methods We used residual serum samples from a cross-sectional, population-based ser...

Background Since its re-emergence in 2005, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission has been documented in most Indian states. Information is scarce regarding the seroprevalence of CHIKV in India. We aimed to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence, force of infection (FOI), and proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV infection. Methods W...

Background Properly fitting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface is critical to the efficacy and safety of nasal CPAP therapy in preterm. Unfortunately, there is a perception that CPAP interfaces being used in Indian neonatal intensive care units do not fit well and cause a high rate of nasal injury. Objectives To determine the nasa...

Introduction: India introduced hepatitis-B (HB) vaccine in Universal immunization program in 2002-2003 on pilot basis, expanded to 10 states in 2007-2008 (phase-1) and entire country in 2011-2012 (phase-2). We tested sera from a nationally representative serosurvey, to estimate seroprevalence of different markers of HB infection among children age...

The prevalence of malaria in India is decreasing, but it remains a major concern for public health administration. The role of submicroscopic malaria and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia and their persistence is being explored. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Kandhamal district of Odisha (India) during May-June 2017. Blood samples wer...

When the same type of event is experienced by a subject more than once it is called recurrent event, which possess two important characteristics, namely “within‐subject correlation” and “time‐varying covariate.” As a result, the traditional statistical methods do not work well on recurrent event data. Over the past few decades, many alternatives me...

The guidelines for surfactant therapy are largely based on studies done in developed coun1tries wherein the facility infrastructure, patient profile, and clinical practices are different from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though SRT is widely practiced in developing countries, there exists variability in clinical practice. Our objective...

Background: Parenteral artesunate is the treatment of choice for severe malaria. It is safe, efficacious and well tolerated anti-malarial. However, delayed haemolysis has been reported in travellers, non-immune individuals and in African children. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out in admitted severe malaria patients rec...

Background: Identifying highly immunogenic blood stage antigens which can work as target for naturally acquired antibodies in different eco-epidemiological settings is an important step for designing malaria vaccine. Blood stage proteins of Plasmodium vivax, apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) and 19 kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein (PvMS...

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of goat lung surfactant extract (GLSE) compared with bovine surfactant extract (beractant; Survanta®, AbbVie, USA) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Study design: We conducted a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomized trial in seven Indian centers between June 2...

Background: The burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection across geographical regions of India is poorly quantified. We estimated the age-specific seroprevalence, force of infection, and number of infections in India. Methods: We did a community-based survey in 240 clusters (118 rural, 122 urban), selected from 60 districts of 15 Indian states fro...

Background: To study physiological and biochemical parameters to predict serious adverse maternal outcomes and to develop risk score using above parameters.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 500 high risk pregnant women attending tertiary care teaching hospital. We noted physiological and biochemical parameters as soon as they were av...

Background: Limited data are available on the epidemiology of breast cancer (BC) in India. Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of BC patients attending a tertiary care hospital in National Capital Territory of India. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted and information from 320 women with confirmed BC was...

Purpose: Long standing temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) causes cerebral insult and results in elevated brain injury biomarkers, S100b and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Surgery for TLE, has the potential to cause additional cerebral insult. Dexmedetomidine is postulated to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of...

Recurrent event may be explained as similar to acute event that can occurs to an individual more than once, are common in medical research. Recurrent event data possess two specific characteristics: within subject correlation and time-varying covariate. Because of these underlying characteristics, traditional statistical techniques do not work well...

Background Low/middle-income countries need a large-scale improvement in the quality of care (QoC) around the time of childbirth in order to reduce high maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality. However, there is a paucity of scalable models. Methods We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial in 15 primary health centres (PHC) of the stat...

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne arboviral disease. Children are known to have atypical manifestations. Overlapping features with other infections can make the diagnosis difficult. Objective: The objective was to study the clinicodemographic and laboratory profile of chikungunya and the impact of coinfections on the course and outcome amon...

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne arboviral disease. Children are known to have atypical manifestations. Overlapping features with other infections can make the diagnosis difficult. Objective: The objective was to study the clinicodemographic and laboratory profile of chikungunya and the impact of coinfections on the course and outcome amon...

Background: Pigmented cosmetic dermatitis (PCD) is frequently encountered in dark-skinned individuals as gradual hyperpigmentation on the face without preceding erythema or itching. Little is known about the allergen profile in PCD. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical profile and common allergens in PCD and allergic con...

Background There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of sepsis in outborn neonates being referred to level-3 units in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of sepsis and outcomes of outborn neonates with sepsis, and to characterize the pathogen profile and antimicrobial resis...

Table A: STROBE checklist. (DOCX)

Table A: Definitions used in the study. Table B: Definition of groups. Table C: Quality assurance measures. Table D: Additional demographic details. Table E: Birth weight and gestational age specific prevalence rates of infections. Table F: Admission to diagnosis interval. Table G: Outcomes compared by place of delivery. Table H: AMR in gram positi...

List of authors and their contributions. (DOCX)

PfMDR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are good correlate markers for antimalarial drug resistance worldwide. Present study is a comprehensive view of screening of PfMDR1 polymorphism to antimalarials practiced with geography and time. Study sites Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya chosen are at multivariate drug pressure due to cross border migrati...

Objective To evaluate the predictive ability of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for detecting severe wasting (weight-for-height Z -score (WHZ) <−3) among children aged 6–59 months. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Subjects Children ( n 18 456) for whom both WHZ ( n 18 463) and MUAC were available. Results Th...

Background: Limited data are available on the epidemiology of breast cancer (BC) in India. Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of BC patients attending a tertiary care hospital in National Capital Territory of India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and information from 320 women with confirmed B...

The study was conducted with an objective to investigate the association between reproductive factors, nutritional status and serum 25(OH)D levels among women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). A total of 200 women with BC attending a tertiary healthcare institute of Delhi, India matched with 200 healthy women for age (±2years) and socio economic s...

Context In India, Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem, associated with lack of sunlight exposure in spite of abundant sunshine usually accompanied by reduced dietary intake. In women of reproductive age, Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, mat...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HPMR) on weight and metabolic, lipid and inflammatory parameters in overweight/obese Asian Indians. In this 12-week open-label, parallel-arm randomised controlled trial, 122 overweight/obese men and women were administered either a HPMR or a control diet aft...

Background: Evidence on the optimal time to initiation of complementary feeding in preterm infants is scarce. We examined the effect of initiation of complementary feeding at 4 months versus 6 months of corrected age on weight for age at 12 months corrected age in preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestation. Methods: In this open-label, randomi...

Objective: To assess the prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among children residing at high altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, India. Methods: A total of 215 school children in the age group of 6-18 y were included. Biochemical estimation of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels was undertaken using chemiluminescence immunoassay...

The ability to use indirect cyanmethemoglobin method using 20 µl of dried blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper for the analysis of haemoglobin (Hb) levels could be an important diagnostic tool for areas that have limited access to laboratory facilities. We assessed the validity of a method for Hb estimation in which a single drop of whole blood was d...

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal deaths globally. Most sepsis-related deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries, where the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis remains poorly understood. Most of these countries lack proper surveillance networks, hampering accurate assessment of the burden of sepsis, implement...

Objective: This study was designed with objective to study pain response of infants to change in sequence of administration of Hepatitis B and DTwP vaccines. Methods: This was a randomized parallel control trial. The study was carried out in the immunization clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, LLRM Medical College, Meerut. One hundred and th...

Purpose: To compare the equivalence of gatifloxacin 0.3% with a combination of fortified cefazolin sodium 5% and tobramycin sulfate 1.3% eye drops in the treatment of nonperforated bacterial corneal ulcers. Methods: In randomized, controlled, equivalence clinical trials, microbiologically proven cases of nonperforated bacterial corneal ulcers we...

Conclusions: SpHb showed good accuracy and correlated well with lab estimated Hb levels in healthy children. However, in children with impaired peripheral perfusion, its diagnostic accuracy was inadequate to justify routine use for quantification of severity of anemia and making transfusion decisions solely on non-invasive estimation of hemoglobin...

To compare the effect of combined delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord milking to either of them had done alone, on hematological parameters at 6 weeks of age in term neonates. It was a randomized controlled trial, conducted during January to December 2014. Three hundred eligible neonates were randomly allocated to three parallel groups. Primar...

Background Data regarding occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and its effect on quality of life (QOL) in India are limited.Objectives/aimsTo evaluate patients with OCD and record the outcome of treatment.Patients/materials/methodsAll patients with OCD were evaluated for severity of disease (by the use of physician global assessment) and its effec...

To report experience of implementing universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) in a tertiary care neonatal unit, identify risk factors associated with failed two-step automated acoustic brainstem response (AABR) screen and evaluate cost of AABR. This was a prospective study of UNHS outcomes of all live births with two step AABR using BERAphone MB1...

Serum retinol levels of low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) infants were evaluated at birth and 3 months using high performance liquid chromatography. At birth, levels were 13.3±8.2 ug/dL in LBW (n=146) and 14.0±6.2 ug/dL in NBW infants (n=79; p=0.51), with 41.1% of LBW and 24.1% of NBW infants having vitamin A deficiency (VAD, <10...

The phenomenal growth in Retail Sector has a great impact on Indian population in rural & urban areas. The Indian retail market, which is the fifth largest retail destination globally, was ranked second after Vietnam as the most attractive emerging market for investment in the retail sector by AT Kearney's seventh annual Global Retail Development I...