Dov Dori

Technion - Israel Institute of Technology | technion · Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management

ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 is one of the most fundamental systems engineering international standards. In this work, the major system lifecycle processes specified in 15288 and, equally importantly, the objects interacting through them, are modeled meticulously using OPM ISO 19450. The conceptual model, based on this standard's text, reflects the impl...

Systems engineering (SE) is a transdisciplinary discipline that links all the engineering disciplines involved in defining a system throughout its lifecycle. As such, SE involves heuristics to a significant extent. A heuristic relates to a formulation based on experts' experience serving as a guide in the investigation or solution of a problem. To...

Systems thinking and modeling are two critical 21st-century skills that teachers and educators are expected to impart to students, and students are expected to acquire and master them as part of their preparation to become literate citizens of a society and environment that is becoming ever more complex. Systems thinking is a thought process in whi...

Pediatric Failure To Thrive (FTT), commonly presented in young infants, is often not diagnosed on time or missed. Lack of timely infants’ diagnosis can adversely affect their growth and development. We have developed and successfully tested FTTell—a model‐based system for diagnosing FTT during common pediatric follow up. FTTell is an executable mod...

We investigated the competence of in- and pre-service chemistry teachers and teacher mentors in designing sustainability- and systems-oriented online tasks for their students. Using a dedicated rubric, we evaluated their assessment knowledge (AK) as reflected in the tasks they had developed. The rubric is based on four attributes: integration of su...

As science and technology create an ecosystem that is becoming increasingly more knowledge-intensive, complex, and interconnected, the next generation science standards include systems thinking and systems modeling among 21st skills that should be fostered. We examined the effect of an online cross-disciplinary learning process on the development o...

As part of the design, development, and deployment of a massive open online course (MOOC) on model-based systems engineering, we introduced MORTIF—Modeling with Real-Time Informative Feedback, a new learning-by-doing feature that enables the learner to model, receive detailed feedback, and resubmit improved solutions. We examined the pedagogical us...

p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a network of cyber-physical devices – sensors, actuators, and other devices, which monitor and control physical systems, such as manufacturing facilities operating with the Industry 4.0 paradigm, while collecting and sharing massive data globally over the internet. As the IoT security landscape evolves, so...

p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is creating a network of cyber-physical devices – sensors, actuators, and other devices, which monitor and control physical systems, such as manufacturing facilities operating with the Industry 4.0 paradigm, while collecting and sharing massive data globally over the internet. As the IoT security landscape evolves, so...

Objective: We define and demonstrate the use of OPM-TA-a model-based task analysis (TA) framework that uses object-process methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 as a viable alternative to traditional TA techniques. Background: A variety of different TA methods exist in human factors engineering, and several of them are often applied successively for a broad...

Objective: We define and demonstrate the use of OPM-TA— a model-based task analysis (TA) framework that uses object-process methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 as a viable alternative to traditional TA techniques. Background: A variety of different TA methods exist in human factors engineering, and several of them are often applied successively for a broad...

OPCloud is a Web-based collaborative software environment for model-based sys-temsengineering(MBSE)usedforcreatingconceptualmodelsinObject-ProcessMethod-ology, OPM, ISO 19450:2005. As we have been designing and developing OPCloud, wefaced several challenges, mostly stemming from the unique development environment.OPCloud is a high-end, Cloud-based...

As system complexity is on the rise, there is a growing need for standardized building blocks to increase the likelihood of systems’ success. Conceptual modeling is the primary activity required for engineering systems to be understood, designed, and managed. Modern modeling languages enable describing the requirements and design of systems in a fo...

Modern complex systems include products and services that comprise many interconnected pieces of integrated hardware and software, which are expected to serve humans interacting with them. As technology advances, expectations of a smooth, flawless system operation grow. Model-based systems engineering, an approach based on conceptual models, copes...

Modeling and systems thinking skills, as well as scientific understanding, are necessary for comprehending complex, food-related processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of food-related learning units on graduate students’ systems thinking and modeling skills, as well as on their understanding of science, technology, engineeri...

italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Contribution: The authors present a methodology for assessing both novelty and systems thinking, as expressed in the same conceptual models constructed by graduate engineering students. Background: Companies worldwide seek employees with creativity a...

We have designed, developed and deployed a unique edX massive open online course (MOOC) environment for teaching Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) with Object-Process Methodology (OPM) ISO 19450. In this environment, OPCloud, an OPM cloud-based conceptual modeling environment, has been embedded in the edX environment. This has enabled us, as t...

We have designed and developed a way to incorporate Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation for model-based systems engineering (MBSE) with Object-Process Methodology (OPM) ISO 19450. We implemented it in OPCloud, an OPM cloud-based conceptual and computational modeling framework. This has enabled us to show that HIL can be incorporated into an OPM m...

Model-based systems engineering applies a variety of model kinds, each with its own fidelity and exactness level. Based on experience we gained while modeling an aircraft landing gear with the objective of numerically defining its various parameters that fulfill engineering and safety requirements, we present the model fidelity hierarchy (MFH). At...

There is considerable number of architectural frameworks and standards with many pertinent definitions of concepts that are often not compatible with each other, hindering collaboration, es-pecially in the context of System of Systems (SoS). To address this issue, we propose an ontology for SoS that uses Object Process Methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 t...

Modern systems comprise hardware and software components that together provide value through enabling the functionality that the system is intended to provide. Systems engineering (SE) and software engineering (SwE) are therefore interdependent, tightly coupled, and complementary activities that must be carefully aligned and coordinated throughout...

There is considerable number of architectural frameworks and standards with many pertinent definitions of concepts that are often not compatible with each other, hindering collaboration, especially in the context of System of Systems (SoS). To address this issue, we propose an ontology for SoS that uses Object Process Methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 to...

Simulating Real-Life in Software Project �alongside a Model-Based Systems Engineering MOOC

This chapter presents Methodical Approach to Executable Integrated Modeling (MAXIM) and its implementation environment, OPCloud. The MAXIM framework enables concurrent modeling of the hardware and software system aspects, avoiding the need to make the painful and information‐leaking transition from the abstract, qualitative conceptual system archit...

Contribution: A rubric for assessing the systems thinking expressed in conceptual models of technological systems has been constructed and assessed using a formal methodology. The rubric, a synthesis of prior findings in science and engineering education, forms a framework for improving communication between science and engineering educators. Backg...

Models have traditionally been mostly either prescriptive, expressing the function, structure and behavior of a system-to-be, or descriptive, specifying a system so it can be understood and analyzed. In this work, we offer a third kind—diagnostic models. We have built a model for assessing potential pediatric failure to thrive (FTT) during the peri...

New INCOSE web and technical report content for updated definitions of Systems Engineering and System. The output of two years' work by the INCOSE Fellows' Working group July 2016 - January 2019. All outputs freely available on INCOSE website here: https://www.incose.org/about-systems-engineering/system-and-se-definition

For decades, business process improvement (BPI) has been a persistent and expensive concern that spans across many industry sectors. We present OPM‐BPI—a model‐based method to improve business processes using ISO 19450—Object‐Process Methodology (OPM). The approach compares favorably to state‐of‐the‐art business process languages and approaches, su...

We present a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework using Object-Process Methodology (OPM, ISO 19450) for civil transport aircraft design with dynamic landing constraints. The framework integrates the aircraft system development life cycle processes into a holistic MBSE model, incorporating into it the specific aircraft dynamic loads Mode...

The definition and characteristics of system have eluded humans for a very long time, as different people refer to the concept of system in various ways. A set of surveys conducted by us revealed seven distinct worldviews on system. We describe the surveys, analyze their results, and comment on differences between the responses. Based on the outcom...

Collaboration is a key concept in the twenty-first-century skills. Collaborative learning is a process that include two or more learners that engage in a common task where everyone depends on and is accountable to each other. Developing collaboration skills of students is an important task that requires tools and training. The purpose of this study...

Full Stack Web Development: A Project-Based Learning Course Prepares Students for Industry 4.0 The abstract of a conference paper presented at The 7th Kinneret Conference on Software Engineering Education

A Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework using Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is developed and implemented for civil transport aircraft design with dynamic landing constraints. The foundations of the framework integrate the aircraftsystem development life cycle processes into a holistic MBSE model, incorporating into it the specific air...

Case-based learning is an interactive group learning approach that embodies the principles of Socratic inquiry. It is a common pedagogy used in many disciplines including business, law, and health. With online learning being the fastest growing segment of higher education, case-based learning is also finding its way into online courses. This resear...

INCOSE's definition of systems engineering was compared to the aspirations set out in the INCOSE Systems Engineering Vision 2025 for systems engineering as it ought to be to address modern challenges. Doing this led us to three fundamental realisations. First, while “20th century systems” were, for the most part, “deterministic” or nearly so, 21st...

We envision that systems engineering can be transformed into a truly transdisciplinary discipline ‐ a foundational meta‐discipline that supports and enables collaboration between all the disciplines that should be involved in conceiving, building, using and evolving a system such that it will continue to be successful and fit for purpose as time pa...

The System Definition Survey issued to INCOSE Fellows in December 2016 revealed at least five radically distinct worldviews on Systems within a relatively small, but moderately representative, part of the INCOSE community. We describe and analyse the survey results, and comment on differences between the responses from the Fellows and the responses...

We envision that Systems Engineering (SE) can be transformed into a truly transdisciplinary discipline – a foundational meta‐discipline that supports and enables collaboration between all the disciplines that should be involved in conceiving, building, using and evolving a system so that it will continue to be successful and fit for purpose as time...

INCOSE's definition of SE was compared to the aspirations set out in SE Vision 2025 for SE as it ought to be to address modern challenges. Doing this led us to three fundamental realisations. First, while “20th century systems” were, for the most part, “deterministic” or nearly so, 21st century systems are on the other hand increasingly non‐determi...

We envision that Systems Engineering (SE) can be transformed into a truly transdisciplinary discipline-a foundational meta-discipline that supports and enables collaboration between all the disciplines that should be involved in conceiving, building, using and evolving a system so that it will continue to be successful and fit for purpose as time p...

The System Definition Survey issued to INCOSE Fellows in December 2016 revealed at least five radically distinct worldviews on Systems within a relatively small, but moderately representative, part of the INCOSE community. We describe and analyse the survey results, and comment on differences between the responses from the Fellows and the responses...

INCOSE's definition of SE was compared to the aspirations set out in SE Vision 2025 for SE as it ought to be to address modern challenges. Doing this led us to three fundamental realisations. First, while "20 th century systems" were, for the most part, "deterministic" or nearly so, 21 st century systems are on the other hand increasingly non-deter...

Conceptual models describe, explain, and specify the function, concept, structure, and behavior of complex systems. Quantifying the contribution of conceptual models to stakeholder understanding of the systems‐of‐interest has been a great challenge. This difficulty hinders justifying the use of formal modeling and simulation of complex systems and...

In this chapter, we first discuss metacognition in engineering education. We then focus on meta-assessment in general and on student-oriented meta-assessment in engineering education in particular. We describe studies focusing on metacognition and the three meta-assessment types in engineering education. We describe in detail two studies, in which...

Systems engineering (SE) and project management (PM) are two complementary disciplines that aim at achieving a common goal. In order for systems engineers and project managers to communicate efficiently, there is a need for a common language that balances system performance, quality, stakeholder expectations and needs, cost, and schedule. We use Ob...

The cyber-physical gap (CPG) is the difference between the ‘real’ state of the world and the way the system perceives it. This discrepancy often stems from the limitations of sensing and data collection technologies and capabilities, and is inevitable at some degree in any cyber-physical system (CPS). Ignoring or misrepresenting such limitations du...

Over the past decades, a common definition of the term system has eluded researchers and practitioners alike. We reviewed over 100 current and historical definitions of system in an effort to understand perspectives and to propose the most comprehensive definition of this term. There is much common ground in different families of definition of syst...

Over the past decades, a common definition of the term system has eluded researchers and practitioners alike. We reviewed over 100 current and historical definitions of system in an effort to understand perspectives and to propose the most comprehensive definition of this term. There is much common ground in different families of definition of syst...

: The cyber-physical gap (CPG) is the difference between the 'real' state of the world and the way the system perceives it. This discrepancy often stems from the limitations of sensing and data collection technologies and capabilities, and is an inevitable issue in any cyber-physical system (CPS). Ignoring or misrepresenting such limitations during...

Over the past decades, the definition of system has eluded researchers and practitioners. We reviewed over 100 definitions of system to understand the variations and establish a framework for a widely acceptable system definition or a family of system definitions. There is much common ground in different families of definitions of system, but there...

Interoperability is the capability of multiple parties and systems to collaborate and exchange information and matter to obtain their objectives. Interoperability challenges call for a model-based systems engineering approach. This paper describes a conceptual modeling framework for model-based interoperability engineering (MoBIE) for systems of sy...

Conceptual models describe, explain, and specify the function, concept, structure, and behavior of complex systems. Quantifying the contribution of conceptual models to stakeholder understanding of the systems-of-interest has been a great challenge. This difficulty has hindered justifying the use of formal modeling and simulation of complex systems...

Choosing engineering as a profession has traditionally not been a top priority among women. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), choice is contingent upon attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, all of which influence behavior. Our research aimed at determining whether the frequencies of these three factors are the...

Conceptual models describe, explain, and specify the function, concept, structure, and behavior of complex systems. Quantifying the contribution of conceptual models to stakeholder understanding of the systems-of-interest has been a great challenge. This difficulty has hindered justifying the use of formal modeling and simulation of complex systems...

Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is a modelbased systems engineering methodology which has been recognized as an ISO 19450:2015 standard for automation systems and integration. It is domain-independent and intended for conceptual modeling of systems of various kinds. We collaborated remotely with a team that had implemented this methodology for mod...

Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), which tackles architecting and design of complex systems through the use of formal models, is emerging as the most critical component of systems engineering. This textbook specifies the two leading conceptual modeling languages, OPM-the new ISO 19450, composed primarily by the author of this book, and OMG Sys...

Project-based learning (PBL) facilitates significant learning, but it poses a major assessment challenge for assessing individual content knowledge. We developed and implemented an assessment approach and tool for a mandatory undergraduate systems engineering PBL-based course. We call this type of assessment student-oriented meta-assessment. Resear...

PLM tools mainly refer information systems based on a wide graph representing linked information. Such a PLM model is compatible with a meta-model often expressed in UML. UML graphics diagrams are paradigms to support sharing and understanding the concepts and relationships that must be supported by the PLM tool. Nevertheless instance diagrams cont...

Conceptual modeling is an important initial stage in the life cycle of engineered systems. It is also highly instrumental in studying existing unfamiliar systems—the focus of scientific inquiry. Conceptual modeling methodologies convey key qualitative system aspects, often at the expense of suppressing quantitative ones. We present and assess two a...

Joint architecting, design, and simulation of operational-functional requirements and scenarios on the one hand and system functionality and technological requirements on the other hand is a common challenge in systems engineering. We propose a model-based systems engineering approach that addresses this challenge. The confusion between operational...

This book contains a comprehensive coverage of OPM that is compatible with ISO 19450 Publically Available Specification (PAS) titled “Automation systems and integration—Object-Process Methodology”, and in French: “Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration—Méthodologie du processus-objet”. The ISO 19450 PAS has been adopted by the International Organ...

To define and describe things in the world, natural languages use adjectives and adverbs. Without these types of words, which describe objects and are also interchangeably called attributes, features, qualities, characteristics, or properties, neither objects nor processes can be adequately distinguished and understood. Exhibition-characterization...

Systems change over time. An important motivation in the development of OPM has been to strike a needed balance in a system’s conceptual model between the structural, static and procedural, dynamic aspects of the system. The dynamic aspect of a system specifies how the system operates to attain its function, complementing its static aspect. OPM is...

Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is a profile of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), i.e., a customized version intended for systems engineering applications. We begin the presentation of SysML with a brief description of UML, followed by an overview of SysML and its various diagram types, with reference to OPM. Recall that while OPM uses a singl...

Links are graphical expressions of relations between things. OPM links connect processes with objects or their states, providing meaning to relationships among them. This chapter expands the use of links in our model and explains the semantics of various kinds of links.

Logical operators, including AND, NOT, OR, and XOR (exclusive OR) enable modeling complex conditions on performance of processes. Using XOR, OPM can also assign probabilities to such outcomes as creating one of several possible objects, or an object in a specific state. We discuss these in this chapter.

While discussing aggregation and exhibition, we talked about entire groups of objects or processes—any scientific paper, any employee, any running. However, what if we wanted to consider the example of a specific paper, written by a certain John Doe? Or if we wanted to consider a group of employees, namely managers, who receive a certain salary out...

Winograd and Flores (1987) noted that “Nothing exists except through language… In saying that some ‘thing’ exists (or that it has some property) we have brought it into a domain of articulated objects and qualities that exist in language.”

Before going into formal presentations of OPM and SysML as conceptual system modeling languages and OPM as a systems engineering methodology, we discuss the theoretical aspects underlying the framework of systems, systems architecture, and systems engineering, within which conceptual modeling is a valuable intellectual activity.

In all the examples and discussions so far we have tacitly assumed that each thing, be it object or process, participates in the relation singly, i.e., in a quantity of exactly 1. Indeed, the convention in OPDs is that when no quantity is explicitly recorded by the side of a structural link, it is taken to be 1, which is the default value. In gener...

Immanuel Kant said that “Objects are our way of knowing.” While this is obviously true, it is not the whole truth, but only about half of it. Objects are our way of knowing what exists, or in other words, the of systems. To know what happens, to understand systems’ behavior, a second, complementary type of things is needed—processes. We know of the...

Control in the context of conceptual modeling is the ability to determine the flow of processes and how they transform objects under various conditions and circumstances. Several control structures enable us to determine how the system will behave over time. These include Boolean objects for branching and control modifiers—condition and event indic...