Douglas P Crowne

University of Waterloo | UWaterloo

After the 1991 development of a method to transect the optic chiasm in the rat, the authors investigated interocular transfer in split-chiasm rats with corpus callosum section and callosum intact. Rats were monocularly trained on an orientation discrimination, reversed with the other eye, and retrained with the 1st eye on the 2nd-eye problem or rev...

Male rats that were handled or not handled in infancy were given either unilateral parietal cortex lesions or unilateral parietal cortex lesions plus corpus callosum section as adults and tested on two independent measures of rodent emotionality, the Rodent Emotionality Rating scale and the open field. Lateralization of emotionality measured by ope...

In this experiment, we asked whether the relation between amphetamine-induced rotation and the learning and retention of left-right discrimination extends to allocentric spatial learning or is limited to egocentric spatial tasks. Rotation was established following injections of d-amphetamine sulfate, and rats were classified as nonrotators, midrota...

Studies of rotational behavior in female rats have investigated Fischer, Sprague-Dawley, Madison, WI, and Holtzman strains. The present study of amphetamine-induced rotational preference looked at the most widely used of the pigmented strains, Long-Evans hooded rats, examining rotation in females and comparing rotational magnitude and direction to...

In the first of two experiments, rats with left or right parietal lesions and controls were tested in place and landmark navigation in the water maize. Right parietal lesions resulted in deficits in both tasks, but especially landmark navigation. Lateralized effects appeared mainly in latency to find the platform. Experiment 2 investigated the role...

Interocular transfer (IOT), hemispheric superiority, and cerebral dominance were examined in split-brain female albino rats. Callosum-sectioned and intact animals were monocularly trained in the Morris water maze and tested in IOT and reversal phases. In the IOT phase, split-brain rats entered more nontarget quadrants and headed less accurately tow...

We describe a stereotaxic technique to transect the optic chiasm in the rat and present illustrative data on the interocular transfer of visual discrimination in chiasm-sectioned and chiasm-plus-forebrain commissure-sectioned animals. Applications of the technique are discussed.

Interocular transfer (IOT), hemispheric superiority, and cerebral dominance were examined in split-brain female albino rats. Callosum-sectioned and intact animals were monocularly trained in the Morris water maze and tested in IOT and reversal phases. In the IOT phase, split-brain rats entered more nontarget quadrants and headed less accurately tow...

Three measures of rotational/side preference--amphetamine-induced circling, side of exit from open field start square, and side of turn when suspended by the tail--were assessed, and animals were then tested on a left-right discrimination. In a strong replication of a previous finding, rats showing amphetamine-induced rotation learned and retained...

Monkeys were trained on a conditional position discrimination in which the conditional cue was a light blinking at two distinct rates and the discriminanda (illuminated buttons) appeared in varying symmetrical positions of eccentricity. Unilateral arcuate, posterior parietal, or principal sulcus lesions were performed at criterion. The monkeys were...

Hooded rats were tested in six situations representing the variables of activity, exploration, emotionality, and spatial preference, detection of change, and learning. The activity, exploration, and emotionality variables and spatial variables were analyzed in separate multivariate analyses, followed by an analysis of the entire set. The first of t...

Hooded rats were tested in six situations representing the variables of activity, exploration, emotionality, and spatial preference, detection of change, and learning. The activity, exploration, and emotionality variables and spatial variables were analyzed in separate multivariate analyses, followed by an analysis of the entire set. The first of t...

Two experiments investigated in rats the effects of cutting the corpus callosum after recovery from unilateral cortical lesions that produce transient symptoms of neglect and circling. Side of lesion was also examined. In Expt. I, 60 rats received left or right lesions of parietal, medial frontal, or motor cortex. After one month of testing for vis...

A longitudinal examination of activity rhythm development in Long Evans rats aging from 27 to 647 days was conducted. Wheel-running activity was sampled during five test periods: postweanling, periadolescence, young adulthood, presenescence, and senescence. On each test day, data were collected during both light and dark phases of the 12:12 hr ligh...

Lesions of right parietal cortex in the rat increase activity in the open field compared with left parietal lesions, especially after section of the corpus callosum. Left or right motor or medial frontal cortex lesions do not have a lateralized effect. This evidence of a localized asymmetry between the cerebral hemispheres strongly implies that rig...

Running wheel data were analyzed to examine changes in nocturnal activity rhythms with age in Long Evans rats. Five male animals 30 days of age, the same five rats at 70 days of age, and five older animals at 13 months were given free access to activity wheels in a colony room maintained on an LD12:12 cycle. All subjects demonstrated enhancement of...

Rats were given unilateral aspiration lesions of parietal, medial frontal, or dorsolateral frontal (motor) cortex and then tested for visual, auditory and tactile neglect, and for circling. All medial frontal lesion animals showed contralateral neglect in each modality and circled ipsiversively. The parietal lesion rats initially displayed contrala...

Young adult male homosexuals were recruited from a homosexual group and were given the Roe-Siegelman Parent-Child Relations questionnaire and the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. Compared to a control group of heterosexuals, the homosexual group rated their mothers significantly more rejecting and their fathers less loving and more rejecti...

Unilateral lesions in such brain regions as medial frontal cortex and superior colliculus produce polysensory neglect contralateral to the lesion. Since the pineal gland is an unpaired brain structure, both electrophysiologically and hormonally responsive to visual and auditory stimulation, it may modulate bilateral sensory attention mechanisms. Lo...

A simply constructed instrument and a surgical procedure are described for transecting the corpus callosum in the rat. The callosum can be cut in its entirety, or the cut can be limited to anterior or posterior halves. The procedure obviates lateralized incidental damage.

Comments on R. M. Cooper's original article, "The passing of psychology" (see record 1983-26906-001). According to Cooper, psychology has become fruitless, devoid of substance and honest accomplishment and the real productivity of science is to be seen in material accomplishments. According to the current author, a materialist view makes any step...

Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field prevents the appearance of contralateral inattention to visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The forced circling that accompanies inattention, however, is not affected. An equivalent preoperative period in the dark only partly reduces inattention symptoms. Visual...

Mammalian sensory systems must continuously select the events to be noticed from the ongoing stream of information, filtering out or habituating to the insignificant. This selective noticing is the province of central mechanisms of orientation and attention that are represented in structures along the neuraxis from brain stem to neocortex. One of t...

Visual learning, sensory neglect and motor behaviour were studied in rats with unilateral lesions of anteromedial (AM) or dorsolateral (DL) frontal cortex. The purpose was to determine whether the principal features of the syndrome seen after unilateral frontal eye field lesions in primates appear in the rat. In the first of two experiments, rats w...

Macaque monkeys were tested on a visual-motor guidance task and observations of avoidance behaviour were made following unilateral frontal eye field lesions. Visual-motor guidance was assessed by speed and accuracy of reaching to press recessed, illuminated buttons arrayed in a 90 degree arc in front of the monkey. Unilateral frontal eye field lesi...

Monkeys with either anterior or posterior lesions of area TE were tested on serial reversal of a visual pattern discrimination problem. Compared with unoperated control subjects, both lesion groups took longer to learn the original problem. Reversal learning was impaired primarily in the anterior group. Dissociation of function within area TE was i...

1.1. Electrical activity from hippocampus and inferotemporal cortex was recorded from monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during the learning of two delayed alternation problems: go/no-go alternation and classical spatial alternation.2.2. Power spectrum analysis clearly revealed 3–5 c/sec theta rhythm in the electrical activity of the primate hippocampus and...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Purdue University, 1959. Microfilm. s

Investigated effects of hippocampal lesions on orienting responses (ORs) in 30 male Long-Evans hooded rats during performance of an ongoing discriminative response and also while Ss were satiated and no experimentally acquired response was being performed. Although Ss with hippocampal lesions did not orient to the initial presentations of novel sti...

Trained high and low need for approval groups of 122 5th and 6th graders on an initial discrimination and shifted to 2 subsequent discrimination problems involving the same (intradimensional) or different (extradimensional) stimulus dimensions. Other variables included heart rate and response time, the latter considered a measure of impulsivity. Ap...

Ss classified as coming from entrepreneurial or bureaucratic families were given the Rotter Level of Aspiration (LOA) Board and bargained in a 2-person, non-zero-sum game. Entrepreneurs played the game significantly more exploitatively, except for those with more maladjusted LOA patterns, who were as cooperative as the bureaucrats. Several implicat...

Block (1963) suggested that in estimating the equivalence of tests E should correct for unreliability to give a more appropriate estimate of the "conceptual equivalence" of the tests. In the present paper it is pointed out that: a distinction should be made between conceptual equivalence and functional equivalence; functional equivalence is of prio...

This study tested a central proposition, stemming from Rotter's Social Learning Theory, that conformity is related to low expectations of success in socially evaluative situations and is consequently accompanied by defensive processes. 2 variants of an Asch situation representing increasing degrees of personal commitment were compared to a control...

This study tested the hypotheses that approval-dependent individuals tend prematurely to terminate psychotherapy, and are rated by therapists as more defensive and less improved than patients less approval-dependent. 85 psychiatric outpatients completed the Marlowe and Crowne Social Desirability scale (the measure of need for approval) and rated th...

This study investigated the effect of various instructional sets (speed, relaxed time instructions, and "set popular" instructions) on commonality of word associations. Findings were generally supportive of the hypotheses: significantly more common associations were given under speed as compared to relaxed instructions, Ss were able to significantl...

Female college students on a stachistoscopic presentation task, tabu and neutral words. Ss with a high need for approval on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale who viewed the task as referring to the social disapproval associated with the tabu words showed the greatest tabu-neutral word discrepancy scores. Those having a perceptual speed s...

This study was an attempt to test the hypothesis that individuals with a high need for social approval will distort their judgments of objectively determinable stimuli in response to perceived group pressure more frequently than persons less concerned with social approval. A group atmosphere was simulated by means of a tape recording. Ss were prese...

The hypothesis tested herein is that need for approval will facilitate learning. Need for approval was measured by the M-C Social Desirability Scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960); the learning task employed the model of verbal conditioning as used by Greenspoon (1955); the Ss were undergraduate psychology students. The results supported the hypothesis.

Ss with a high score on the M-C Social Desirability Scale express more favorable attitudes toward a boring experimental situation. Although M-C SDS related to Edwards' Social Desirability scale and negatively to the Barron Conformity scales, neither of these were related to attitude toward the experiment. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HE09M.

Research concerned with self-acceptance has contributed very little to the understanding of the concept. The research evidence is inadequate because investigators have neglected several crucial psychometric and methodological principles. The absence of data concerning the generality of self-acceptance and the implications of the difference between...

A new social desirability scale was constructed and correlated with MMPI scales. Comparison was made with correlations of the Edwards Social Desirability scale. The new scale correlated highly with MMPI scales and supported the definition of social desirability. Ss need to respond in "culturally sanctioned ways."