Dorota Grejner-Brzezinska

The Ohio State University | OSU · Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering

The increasing demand for reliable indoor navigation systems is leading the research community to investigate various approaches to obtain effective solutions usable with mobile devices. Among the recently proposed strategies, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) positioning systems are worth to be mentioned because of their good performance in a wide range of op...

Acquiring geospatial data in GNSS compromised environments remains a problem in mapping and positioning in general. Urban canyons, heavily vegetated areas, indoor environments represent different levels of GNSS signal availability from weak to no signal reception. Even outdoors, with multiple GNSS systems, with an ever-increasing number of satellit...

A platform equipped with electromagnetic inference (EMI) sensor allows us to map underground areas and searching for unexploded ordnances (UXO). This mapping requires the precise navigation of the platform. In this paper, we use UWB/IMU integration to determine position and attitude of a UXO platform. UWB outages may often occur due to non-line of...

Improving sensor performance, combined with better affordability, provides better object space observability, resulting in new applications. Remote sensing systems are primarily concerned with acquiring data of the static components of our environment, such as the topographic surface of the earth, transportation infrastructure, city models, etc. Ob...

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) technology is nowadays willingly used in small area topographic mapping due to low costs and good quality of derived products. Since cameras typically used with UAS have some limitations, e.g. cannot penetrate the vegetation, LiDAR sensors are increasingly getting attention in UAS mapping. Sensor developments reached th...

Improving sensor performance, combined with better affordability, provides better object space observability, resulting in new applications. Remote sensing systems are primarily concerned with acquiring data of the static components of our environment, such as the topographic surface of the earth, transportation infrastructure, city models, etc. Ob...

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) technology is nowadays willingly used in small area topographic mapping due to low costs and good quality of derived products. Since cameras typically used with UAS have some limitations, e.g. cannot penetrate the vegetation, LiDAR sensors are increasingly getting attention in UAS mapping. Sensor developments reached th...

Space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies, such as the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide position, velocity, and timing information to an unlimited number of users around the world. In recent years, PNT information has become increasingly critical to the security, safety, and prosperity of the World's popul...

This paper presents the usage of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology as a standalone and integrated navigation solution in environments where GNSS signal reception is limited or impossible. Every satellite based positioning system needs, among other requirements, an unobstructed line of sight to four or more satellites to operate with reasonable accura...

In contrast to LiDAR data provided by discrete return systems, full waveform LiDAR data (FWD) improve the quality of products and extend the possibilities of their application. Beside evident benefits, FWD imposes strong requirements on the sensor acquisition and storage hardware. At the moment, there is little effort reported on sensor level wavef...

Landslides are natural disasters that cause environmental and infrastructure damage worldwide. To prevent future risk posed by such events, effective methods to detect and map their hazards are needed. Traditional landslide susceptibility mapping techniques, based on field inspection, aerial photograph interpretation, and contour map analysis are o...

Full-waveform LiDAR data (FWD) provide a wealth of information about the shape and materials of the surveyed areas. Unlike discrete data that retains only a few strong returns, FWD generally keeps the whole signal, at all times, regardless of the signal intensity. Hence, FWD will have an increasingly well-deserved role in mapping and beyond, in the...

Spatial resolution plays an important role in remote sensing technology as it defines the smallest scale at which surface features may be extracted, identified, and mapped. Remote sensing technology has become a vital component in recent developments for landslide susceptibility mapping. The spatial resolution is essential, especially when landslid...

Spatial resolution plays an important role in remote sensing technology as it defines the smallest scale at which surface features may be extracted, identified, and mapped. Remote sensing technology has become a vital component in recent developments for landslide susceptibility mapping. The spatial resolution is essential, especially when landslid...

Various geophysical activities generate characteristic traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), which are detectible using the GPS data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this paper, numerical third‐order slant total electron content (STEC) derivatives of the TIDs from the 2006 and 2009 North Korean underground nuclear explosi...

Small-size and low-cost imaging sensors, which are widely used in a multitude of consumer devices, provide medium-quality, typically redundant data that has the potential to be used for mapping and navigation purposes. For example, the Microsoft Kinect™ contains both passive and active imaging sensors, significantly extending the range of possibili...

Digital elevation models (DEM) are baseline geospatial products widely used in mapping and other applications. Generally obtained from airborne sensor data, DEMs can be made available at various spatial resolutions and accuracy levels. As DEM production costs vary significantly depending on the detail level of these two parameters, plans for data a...

A probabilistic approach is proposed to aid landslide susceptibility mapping. The objective of the proposed approach is to identify and predict areas that may develop into landslides and quantify the growth of existing landslides with high probability. Change detection was applied to repeat airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) surveys acqui...

This paper investigates the accuracy potential of UWB technology for personal navigation and low-dynamics mobile positioning applications. Lateration method is used for calculating trajectory coordinates from the UWB ranges, outdoor and indoor tests were performed to assess positioning performance. For the outdoor investigation, a rectangular netwo...

Landslides represent a hazard to transportation infrastructure. Even though they are well-understood, traditional methods of identifying and assessing landslide conditions are inefficient and incomplete, as they are mostly based on field inspection, aerial photograph interpretation, and contour map analysis. Identifying areas along transportation c...

The typical airborne LiDAR scanning mechanism is based on appropriate form of opto-mechanical deflection, such as oscillating or rotating polygon mirror, providing a cross profile of the flight line. The platform motion creates a second dimension along the flight line. While the LiDAR points are not evenly distributed in space, the number of point...

Observations from GPS receivers and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope recorded traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs), detonated in September 1992. The slant TEC (STEC) data derived from GPS observations were processed for all ray paths to isolate TIDs. For the TIDs from the Hunters Trophy test...

The article discusses a case study of detecting underground nuclear explosions using observations from GPS tracking stations and the Very Large Array radio telescope in New Mexico. An independent technique of detection and verification may be offered by GPS-based analysis of local traveling ionospheric disturbances excited by an explosion. Most of...

The Microsoft Kinect™ sensor has gained popularity in a large number of applications beyond its intended original design of being a 3D human interface device, including indoor mapping and navigation of pushcart and backpack sensor platforms. Indoor mapping and personal navigation systems are generally based on a multisensory integration model, as c...

Previous studies by Park et al. (2011) revealed that an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) induces the acoustic-gravity waves, which disturb the ionosphere and generate the traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). GPS technique allows for the ionospheric disturbance observation with high accuracy, which, in turn, enables detection of the TID induc...

Collaborative (or cooperative) positioning or navigation uses multiple location sensors with different accuracy on different platforms for sharing of their absolute and relative localizations. Typical application scenarios are dismounted soldiers, swarms of UAV's, team of robots, emergency crews and first responders. This paper studies the challeng...

An integrated positioning solution termed `collaborative positioning' employs multiple location sensors with different accuracy on different platforms for sharing of their absolute and relative localizations. Typical application scenarios are dismounted soldiers, swarms of UAV's, team of robots, emergency crews and first responders. The stakeholder...

This article briefly describes the structure and activities of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), Commission 4 - Positioning and Applications. Working closely with other international organizations and professional institutions the focus of this commission is to leverage current and emerging positioning techniques and technologies to d...

This contribution focuses on geodetic sensor systems and sensor networks for positioning and applications. The key problems in this area will be addressed together with an overview of applications. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and other geodetic techniques play a central role in many applications like engineering, mapping and remote s...

The basic idea of a dead reckoning personal navigator is to integrate incremental motion information in the forms of step length and step direction over time. Considering that the displacement components are estimated for each step-cycle, it is essential to monitor the integrity of these parameters; otherwise, the error accumulation may render the...

Most of the image registration/matching methods are applicable to images acquired by either identical or similar sensors from various positions. Simpler techniques assume some object space relationship between sensor orientations, such as near parallel image planes, certain overlap, and comparable radiometric characteristics. More robust high-level...

GNSS measurements can be used to determine the ionospheric delay along the paths of the signals. The ionosphere responds not only to the solar activity and space weather condition but also to earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical storms, chemical explosions, underground explosions, and other geophysical activities. These phenomena can generate disturbanc...

There are several data product characterization methods to describe LiDAR data quality. Typically based on guidelines developed by government or professional societies, these techniques require the statistical analysis of vertical differences at known checkpoints (surface patches) to obtain a measure of the vertical accuracy. More advanced methods...

There are several data product characterization methods to describe LiDAR data quality. Typically based on guidelines developed by government or professional societies, these techniques require the statistical analysis of vertical differences at known checkpoints (surface patches) to obtain a measure of the vertical accuracy. More advanced methods...

Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used as a primary source of navigation in land and airborne applications. However, challenging environments cause GPS signal blockage or degradation, and prevent reliable and seamless positioning and navigation using GPS only. Therefore, multi-sensor based navigation systems have been developed to overcome t...

In this paper a new GPS/INS/CCD integrated system for precise monitoring of highway center and edge lines is presented. The system has been developed at The Ohio State University (OSU) for the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). The positioning component of the system is based on tightly integrated GPS/INS (dual frequency GPS receiver and a h...

To advance earthquake research, a unique LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey was conducted to map an approximately 1,000 km segment of the San Andreas Fault in southern California in the spring of 2005. The objective was to produce a surface model along the fault line at extremely high accuracy and consequently, extraordinary care was devote...

Today's advanced LiDAR systems are able to record the entire laser echo pulse, provided that sufficient data storage is available on the airborne platform. The recorded echo pulses, frequently called waveform data or full-waveform, can then be used to analyze the properties of the reflecting surface, such as classifying objects based on their mater...

This paper presents the current design and the preliminary performance analyses of the multi-sensor personal navigator prototype, currently under development at The Ohio State University Satellite Positioning and Inertial Navigation (SPIN) Laboratory. The main purpose of this research project is to develop theoretical foundations and implementation...

This paper describes initial research effort aimed at enabling multi-sensory, robust cooperative navigation solution, including seamless transition capabilities between different types of navigation platforms that navigate together, with the focus on transitional environments. The emphasis of the navigation performance assessment is on the 3D image...

Reliable and precise navigation technology is essential for robust detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in a wide range of field conditions, including GPS-challenged environment. Based on the fact that the UXO detection involves frequent stops, this paper proposes an adaptive ZUPT (AZUPT) algorithm in a sliding time window to g...

Three permanent GPS tracking stations in the trans Antarctic mountain deformation (TAMDEF) network were used to estimate precipitable water vapor (PWV) using measurement series covering the period of 2002–2005. TAMDEF is a National Science Foundation funded joint project between The Ohio State University and the United States Geological Survey. The...

This paper demonstrates the performance of a deeply integrated GPS/inertial architecture under extreme canopy coverage, where traditional receiver technology fails to acquire and track GPS signals. GPS and inertial experimental data collected in various canopy coverage areas are applied to evaluate the system performance. Test results demonstrate t...

The ionospheric delay in GPS signals observed by the ground stations can be converted to the total electron content (TEC), which is the total number of electrons in a column with unit cross section areas along the GPS signal's path between the satellite and the receiver on the ground. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in TEC are indicative of the d...

In 2010 a collaborative working group was formed under the professional associations: International Association of Geodesy (IAG WG4.2.5) and International Federation of Surveys (FIG WG5.5). Entitled ubiquitous positioning, this working group aims to harness and develop existing research outputs available internationally in this research domain. Our...

Navigation systems, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) become miniaturized and cost effective, enabling their fusion in a portable, low-cost navigation device for individual users, supporting predominantly outdoor navigation. This paper presents an unconventional solution designed for indoor–outdoor na...

The total electron content (TEC) measurements of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) revealed traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) that locate North Korea's underground nuclear explosion (UNE) of 25 May 2009 to within about 3.5 km of its seismically determined epicenter. The random chance for this pattern of TIDs to register across th...

Reliable and accurate geolocation is essential for air- borne and land-based remote sensing applications. The detection, discrimination, and remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and other munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) using the currently available detection and geolocation technologies often yield unsatisfactory results, failing to...

For airborne surveys, the GPS/INS system has become the primary source for aerial image georeferencing. However, alternative automated georeferencing is required to serve as a backup for georeferencing when GPS/INS-based georeferencing is not feasible. High-resolution satellite images (HRSI) have been globally available with better spatial resoluti...

This paper presents the development of a comprehensive integrated GNSS/INU simulator consisting of a microscopic traffic simulator based on VISSIM, a vehicle dynamics simulator based on CarSim, and a GNSS/INU simulator. The resulting GNSS/INU simulator provides an integrated design, test and evaluation platform for exploring new ideas, developing a...

This paper presents the current design status and some preliminary calibration/performance analyses of the prototype of a multi-sensor personal navigator currently under development at The Ohio State University. The main purpose of this research project is to develop a theoretical foundation and algorithms which integrate the Global Positioning Sys...

In global navigation satellite system precise positioning, double differencing of the observations is the common approach that allows for significant reduction of correlated atmospheric effects. However, with growing distance between the receivers, tropospheric errors decorrelate causing large residual errors affecting the carrier phase ambiguity r...

Most of the image registration/matching methods are applicable to images acquired by either identical or similar sensors from various positions. Simpler techniques assume some object space relationship between sensor reference points, such as near parallel image planes, certain overlap and comparable radiometric characteristics. More robust methods...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the key technologies in many of today's novel applications. It is used to add knowledge and reasoning to systems. This paper illustrates a review of AI methods including examples of their practical application in Geodesy like data analysis, deformation analysis, navigation, network adjustment, and optimization...

Epipolar line determination and image resampling are important steps for stereo image processing. Unlike frame cameras that have well-known epipolar geometry, the pushbroom camera does not produce straight epipolar lines and the epipolar pair does not exist for the entire scene. These properties make it difficult to establish epipolar geometry of t...

The primary objective of the research presented in this report was to develop accurate and reliable geolocation algorithms and tools based on multi-sensor integration, to significantly improve the state-of-the-art in sensor georegistration and to support the collection of geophysical data used to characterize unexploded ordnance (UXO) and munitions...

In GPS-impeded environments, due to cumulative error characteristics of inertial sensors, a GPS/IMU system is unable to maintain high navigation accuracy during extended GPS outages. In particular, vegetated and urban environments present unique challenges in applications where high absolute and/or relative navigation accuracy is required. To remed...

This paper discusses some unconventional methods for indoor-outdoor navigation, based on the integration of self-contained sensors, including GPS, IMU, digital barometer, magnetometer compass, and a human locomotion model. The human locomotion model is used as navigation sensor and it is handled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques that form...

Over the past decade, airborne hyperspectral systems have shown remarkable performance in identifying and classifying a variety of ground objects, such as differentiating between minerals, vegetations, artificial materials, water, etc. Though the hyperspectral imaging market is still relatively small, yet it is steadily growing. Currently, most of...

One aspect of the recent paradigm shift in geospatial information sciences is that data acquisition and processing systems have moved away from the single sensor-based model to advanced integrated multisensory systems, which typically include imaging and navigation sensors. Active sensors, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Interferome...

Underwater environments present exceptional challenges for precision navigation; in addition to the engineering challenges required for the protection of electronics and systems in harsh conditions, the basic problem of determining ongoing position faces considerably greater challenges as compared to land based navigation. Bathymetric maps are gene...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides a relatively inexpensive method to remotely sense atmospheric water vapor in all weather conditions. In this study, we applied the GPS meteorology technique to monitor the precipitable water vapor (PWV) variation during a severe weather event (typhoon EWINIAR). The Korean weighted mean temperature equati...

WE are pleased to have this opportunity to organize a special issue on advances in signal processing for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and robust navigation. This we consider as the first and a seminal issue on this important subject to appear in any IEEE journal or transaction. The goal of this interdisciplinary special issue is to br...

With the increasing demand for sustained navigation in GPS-challenged environment, the concept of multi-sensor integration (GPS augmentation) has been developed and implemented, followed recently by the concept of collaborative navigation, to further improve the navigation capability of a group of users. The objective of the latter is to develop an...

The primary objective of the research presented here is to develop high-accuracy and high-reliability geolocation algorithms and to prototype a hybrid system based on multi- sensor integration to improve geolocation of geophysical sensors at munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) sites. The current methods used at MEC sites for buried unexploded...

applications of GPS since 1985 and over a decade ago established the Satellite Navigation and Positioning (SNAP) group, today the largest and best known academic GPS and wireless location technology R&D laboratory in Australia. Chris is the vice president of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), a member of the governing board of the Inte...

1. Geodesy and its primary mission According to Helmert’s classical definition, geodesy is the “science of the measurement and mapping of the Earth’s surface ” by direct measurements, such as terrestrial triangulation, leveling, and gravimetric observations, and, in the past 50 years, also with space techniques, based primarily on the tracking of a...

The network-derived ionospheric delay can improve the fast and accurate determination of the long baseline in both the rapid-static and kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning mode. In this study, an interpolation of the undifferenced (UD) ionospheric delays is performed on a satellite-by-satellite and epoch-by-epoch basis, respective...

In the network-based real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system approach, the rover positioning accuracy and reliability depends on the quality of the atmospheric corrections, which is largely a function of spatial and temporal variability of ionospheric and tropospheric parameters. The location of the rover receiver with respect to the re...

GPS/INS integrated georeferencing systems are unable to continuously provide highly accurate navigation in urban and forested regions due to limited availability of the GPS signal and the error accumulation of the INS sensor. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a powerful technology that can rapidly map the object space at high spatial resolution w...

Terrain-referenced navigation (TRN) techniques are of increasing interest in the research community, as they can provide alternative navigation tools when GPS is not available or the GPS signals are jammed. Some form of augmentation to cope with the lack of GPS signals is typically required in mobile mapping applications in urban canyons and is of...

The personal navigator (PN) prototype, developed at The Ohio State University Satellite Positioning and Inertial navigation (SPIN) Laboratory, integrates GPS, tactical grade inertial measurement unit (IMU), digital magnetometer compass, digital barometer, and uses a human locomotion model to support dead reckoning (DR) navigation for rescue work, s...

Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS positioning over longer distances requires a support of atmospheric (ionospheric and tropospheric) corrections, since the atmospheric errors decorrelate with the growing distances and cannot be completely eliminated by double differencing of the satellite observations. Currently, the most commonly used approach is to d...