Dongkyun Kim

Kyungpook National University | KNU · School of Computer Science and Engineering

The rapid evolution of communication technologies has paved the way for a paradigm shift in network infrastructure, particularly in the context of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). This article offers an in-depth exploration of the remarkable advancements catalyzed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), notably with the advent of Releases...

Content retrieval in content-centric vehicular networks faces challenges that include high latency, especially when content is stored far from the requesting vehicle. On-path caching feature in the conventional vehicular named data Networks (VNDN) enables content storage that can reduce latency. However, due to the constantly changing dynamic ad ho...

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) was introduced as the enabling vehicular communication technology for the first time in 2017 by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in its Release 14. 3GPP defines two modes, mode 3 and mode 4, for resource scheduling in V2X. Mode 4 is used for decentralized resource scheduling, where the vehicles...

This article provides an overview of technological advancements in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) from the perspective of the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). With the introduction of 3GPP Release 17 & 18, there has been a significant emp...

Scalability presents a formidable challenge in traditional Cell-Free (CF) massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) networks, driven by escalating computational demands on access points (APs) and the reliance on a single central processing unit (CPU). To address this, the study proposes a dynamic cooperative clustering (DCC) method, tailored f...

Future wireless networks are expected to achieve uniform quality of service (QoS) and seamless connectivity across vast coverage areas. Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input, multiple-output (mMIMO) networks emerge as a promising solution to achieve these goals by minimizing signal interference and enhancing network performance. However, the existi...

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system is a state-of-the-art emerging technology targeted towards beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication networks. This network pertains to a dense deployment of access points (APs) dispersed over a large geographical area to serve a small number of users a...

The highly dynamic and harsh conditions in the underwater environment pose challenges in enabling reliable and delay-tolerant communication in IoUT. Moreover, the constrained IoUT nodes have limited energy and are not capable of handling multiple retransmissions in case of packet losses. Therefore, a lightweight communication mechanism is required...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are an essential part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). VANETs promise to offer drivers and passengers safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment services. To this end, VANETs require vehicles to periodically broadcast unencrypted beacon messages that contain position, velocity, timestamp, and iden...

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is the first standard introduced by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) in its Rel. 14 to enable V2X communication. This standard is endorsed by the industries, scientists, and researchers. In C-V2X, mode 4 is designed to enable direct V2V communication via the PC-5 interface. In mode 4 vehicles sele...

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide a promising technology to enhance road safety. The vehicular standard wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE), also known as dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), can assist in reducing the number of deadly crashes. However, DSRC has a limited range. To enhance the network coverage, roadside...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are increasingly gaining the attention of academic institutions, governments, and automobile manufacturers due to their prospect to offer safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment services to drivers and passengers. However, they suffer from location privacy leakage as vehicles must periodically transmit unencr...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to become an essential component of the future wireless networks, opening up a plethora of options to improve communications between vehicles and infrastructures. In addition, Road Side Units (RSUs) are deployed in a limited number to reduce the monetary cost leads to many uncovered regions in the networ...

Location privacy is a big concern in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The strict latency requirements of safety-critical applications demand transmission of unencrypted Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs). Also, VANETs nodes and messages must be authenticated to ensure security. Consequently, VANETs are open and leak the identity and location...

This paper considers the P2P throughput optimization of mobile wireless sensor networks under a Rician/Rayleigh heterogeneous fading environment. The Rician/Rayleigh fading scenarios considers both extreme cases of signal propagation, that is, dominant line of sight (LOS) signal and No LOS (NLOS) signal. We focus on a type of P2P communication betw...

Vehicles are highly mobile nodes; therefore, they frequently change their topology. To maintain a stable connection with the server in high-speed vehicular networks, the handover process is restarted again to satisfy the content requests. To satisfy the requested content, a vehicular-content-centric network (VCCN) is proposed. The proposed scheme a...

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the key enabling vehicular communication technologies endorsed by the vehicular industry, scientists , and researchers. Introduced by the 3GPP, LTE device-to-device in Release 12 evolved into C-V2X with mode 3 and mode 4. In mode 4, semi-persistent-scheduling-based sensing is performed by vehicles to...

The advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) improves various smart home automation services and home users’ living standards. However, efficiently collecting data and automating smart home services require the extensive deployment of the sensors. Thus, one of the crucial and challenging tasks is to minimize the sensors’ energy consumption fo...

Aiming to the applications from security surveillance, military operational capabilities to the content and package delivery, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has a successfully created his space in the available technologies. The compact sized powerful flying robots are wirelessly controlled and are capable to complete tasks with and without direct...

Internet of things (IoT) application in e-health can play a vital role in countering rapidly spreading diseases that can effectively manage health emergency scenarios like pandemics. Efficient disease control also requires monitoring of Standard operating procedure (SOP) follow-up of the population in the disease-prone area with a cost-effective re...

Mobile networks have to cater for diverse services that have distinct requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency, and so on. Network virtualization is a key technology that efficiently utilizes the network resources to meet these service requirements. In this work, we investigate radio virtualization for creating fine-grained network slices using...

Home Automation Systems (HAS) attracted much attention during the last decade due to the developments in new wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth 4.0, 5G, WiFi 6, etc. In order to enable automation as a service in smart homes, a number of challenges must be addressed, such as fulfilling the electrical energy demands, scheduling the operational...

With the advances in automotive industry and telecommunication technologies, more and more vehicles are connected which paves the pathway to future intelligent transportation system (ITS). The safety of both the passengers and pedestrians has been a major concern in ITS. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a promising technology that can provide a...

In the present era, internet of things (IoT) is prevailing very much in our daily life serving the concept of the smart applications, in which one can operate remote objects from a distant place. However, connectivity of the billions of devices has become a major concern in most of the prevailing researches. Massive connected devices used for smart...

Day by day innovation in wireless communications and micro-technology has evolved in the development of wireless sensor networks. This technology has applications such as healthcare supervision, home security, battlefield surveillance and many more. However, due to the use of small batteries with low power this technology faces the issue of power a...

In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), acoustic communication naturally introduces challenges such as long propagation delay and high packet loss. The flooding-based routing protocol can address these challenges with its multipath characteristics. As in flooding-based routing, due to multipath propagation mechanism, not only DATA but also A...

The scheduling of the operational time of household appliances requires several parameters to be tuned according to the available energy supplied to a smart home. However, scheduling of operational time of multiple appliances in a smart home itself is the NP-hard problem and thus requires an intelligent, heuristic method to be solved in polynomial...

The principle of Smart Cities is the interconnection of services, based on a network of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As the number of IoT devices continue to grow, the demand to organize and maintain the IoT applications is increased. Therefore, the solutions for smart city should have the ability to efficiently utilize the resources and their...

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks devices are usually battery powered and thereby their lifetime is limited. This issue leads to lose data measurements and thus to a performance loss of the underlying UWSN application. It also increases the maintenance cost in Internet of Underwater Things scenarios with a huge number of UWSN devices. Additionall...

For providing Internet service to underwater IoT nodes, it is necessary to divide the IPv6 packets appropriately according to appropriate MTU size. 6LoWPAN adaptation layer defined by IETF is able to support the address auto-configuration, header compression and so on. In particular, 6LoWPAN defines two configuration methods. In route-over configur...

Unlike terrestrial environment, the underwater environment possess additional and complicated challenges for wireless communication. For the underwater wireless communication, traditional radio wave communication is not feasible due to high channel fading and packet loss experienced high frequency communication that also reduces the communication r...

As valuable as the Internet of Things (IoT) has been to explore and monitor the land surface of the earth, the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has been crucial to the investigation of the underwater environment. Due to the unique characteristics of the IoUT, such as long propagation delays, high bit error rates, and limited bandwidth, acoustic...

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our lives has become reality during the last decade. Mostly, IoT is considered a system of systems, where sensors make a big chunk of any IoT communication system. Similarly, in this paper, we introduce a notion of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), where we consider a set of sensors deploye...

Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT)¹ is a network of networks mostly comprising of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) of underwater objects. These sensing nodes provide various services such as disaster prevention and management, tactical surveillance and environmental monitoring. Due to the underwater environmental constraints, these sen...

Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is primarily comprised of acoustic sensor nodes, which are mostly battery-powered. The battery life of sensors is limited and it is inconvenient to recharge. However, these sensor nodes form the Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), which can be clustered to save a massive amount of energy. Nevertheless,...

In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology and the increasing maturity of communication technology, embedded computing technology, sensing technology and automatic control technology have made tremendous impact on our lives. The perfect integration of computing process and physical process Internet-of-Things (IOT) has att...

Named data networking has been efficiently utilized in Vehicular networks as a promising solution to enable reliable and efficient content retrieval. Vehicular named data networks (VNDN) employ a pull-based mechanism where an Interest packet is broadcast in order to receive the Content. This forwarding scheme mitigates the forwarding of unsolicited...

In this work we tackle the problem of congestion and Interest broadcast storm problem in vehicular named data networks (VNDN) and propose a bio-inspired approach which makes the Interest forwarding self-adaptive and autonomous. The properties like scalability, self-adaptiveness, and simplicity are inherently available to the biological species. The...

In Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks, a number of Roadside Units (RSUs) are deployed along the road and connected to the infrastructure network to provide various services to the vehicles on the road. However, it is hard to cover the long highways completely, due to the deployment cost. In such uncovered areas between two neighboring RSUs, a connec...

In the future networks, driven by the constant evolution of today's applications, video streaming over vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) will play an increasingly significant role in our daily life. Many users already consider the video streaming service, among other services, as a necessity. However, due to the limited bandwidth of a connection t...

Named Data Networking (NDN) uses the content name instead of its location within the Interest message to locate the content within the network. Interest is broadcasted by the content seeking node over the wireless channel with specific content name and waits for the Data message containing the actual content. The broadcast region of an Interest is...

In this paper, we propose a distributed interest forwarder selection (DIFS) scheme that mitigates the interest broadcast storm in vehicular named data networks. In DIFS, a vehicle sends an interest packet piggybacking its location, distance to the neighbors, and speed. In this case, the immediate neighbors do not have the requested content and rank...

The use of bicycles, Segway, Ninebot, and etc. has been rapidly increasing due to the development of personal mobility and technological shift. On the other hand, due to the extensive use of headphones, and smart phones while walking on the road and riding a bicycle, the probability of collisions between pedestrian and bicycle increases. In this re...

Named Data Networking (NDN) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) share the mutual courage of changing legacy networking architectures. In case of NDN, the IP-based communication has been tackled down by naming the data or content itself, while SDN proposes to decouple the Control and Data planes to make various services in hands without physical i...

This chapter describes the recently proposed Future Internet architectures followed by insight and discussion on named data networking (NDN). It also describes the possible applicability of NDN in smart cities and its potentials. To date, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) proposed a promising Future Internet architecture named as CCN. The NDN is pro...

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have been realized as a potential solution for offshore monitoring, undersea military applications, smart fishing, and so on. However, the current communication systems for underwater nodes are facing non-trivial challenges due to the constrained networking conditions. For instance, the sink addresses the node(s)...

In underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), not only data packets but also sensor nodes can be lost due to ocean current, running out of battery and etc. Among various routing protocols, Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a promising routing protocol to overcome this problem since it provides multiple upward path establi...

Smart city enhances the quality of its citizens’ life by providing ease of access to the ubiquitous services through integration using communication systems at the foundation. Additionally, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) plays a major role in making a metropolitan area into a smart city. The current IP-based solutions for ITS have slanted...

Nowadays, Internet of Things is a promising solution for supporting various applications. Among them, a home IoT service becomes one of the most important application in future lives. The home IoT services have low robustness in common networks since not only user but also home gateway have IP addresses which can be changed dynamically. For providi...

In IoT (Internet of Things) networks, RPL (IPv6 Routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) is preferred for reducing routing overhead. In RPL, a node selects one parent node which includes the lowest routing metric among its neighbors and the other neighbors are stored as immediate successors. If the selected parent node is lost, the node s...

Named data networking (NDN) treats content/data as a “first class citizen” of the network by giving it a “name”. This content “name” is used to retrieve any information, unlike in device-centric networks (i.e., the current Internet), which depend on physical IP addresses. Meanwhile, the smart home concept has been gaining attention in academia and...

Inter-vehicle communication has challenges caused by characteristics of vehicle. High mobility of the vehicle induce change of network topology. Many routing protocols has been proposed to address high mobility. Among them, position based routing (PBR) protocols are getting attentions as a suited method. In PBR, forwarding node select intermediate...

From the decades ago, the ITS (Intelligent Traffic System) became one of the major research field. In order to save human lives, ITS safety applications collect various information from neighboring vehicles. For the ITS safety application, each vehicle periodically broadcasts beacon messages in order to update the information to the neighbors. Howe...