Donald J Treiman

University of California, Los Angeles | UCLA · California Center for Population Research

This paper adopts a life course perspective that captures the migration trajectory for rural‐to‐urban migrants in China during the observation window. By taking this trajectory approach, we aim to advance the understanding of divergent rural‐to‐urban migration patterns in China and their determinants and consequences. We use data from the Survey of...

Internal migration has resulted in a large number of left-behind children in China. Despite growing attention to this population, important gaps remain in our understanding of their cognitive development and the factors that mediate the impact of migration on children. The present study draws on a new nationally representative survey of Chinese chi...

Internal migration in China has resulted in large numbers of left-behind children. Despite growing attention paid to this population, existing research has not systematically addressed the mediating mechanisms linking parental migration to children's health. The present study examines the influences of migration on the health of left-behind childre...

In 1950, China’s new Communist government created hereditary family class labels intended to promote the advancement of households supportive of the Communist movement along with the economically disadvantaged and to penalize property owners and those associated with the old regime. Researchers have long suspected that the labels rewarded connectio...

Migration has affected a large number of children in many settings. Despite growing attention to these children, important gaps remain in our understanding of their psychosocial development, as well as the factors that mediate and moderate the impact of migration on children. The present study examines the influences of migration on children's psyc...

Prior research shows that coming from a book-oriented family is a great advantage for children’s education, especially for the “ordinary success” of children from disadvantaged families. Focusing on the next career stage, our multi-level analysis (58,944 respondents in 31 societies) shows that it furthers children’s later occupational career even m...

We study the living arrangements and consequences for emotional well-being of the elderly in China using data from a national probability sample survey conducted in 201023. Institute of Social Science Survey. 2010. China Family Panel Studies: 2010 Questionnaire (translated by Cindy Glovinsky, Jingwei Hu, Ryan Monarch, Ni Sha, and Hongwei Xu). Beiji...

Although “health disparities” have been a long standing interest of public health researchers, the complex relationship between social status and health has only recently captured the attention of sociological students of social inequality. Indeed, the first appearance of a session on health at an RC 28 meeting was in 2003 in Tokyo. However, intere...

Trends in educational attainment in China over the twentieth century are studied using data from all the Chinese censuses conducted since 1982. There was a marked increase in educational attainment over time, with deviations from a smooth upward trend only among those who came of age during the Great Leap Forward, which was detrimental to education...

This paper examines the determinants and consequences of rural to urban registration (hukou) mobility in contemporary China, focusing on the link between social origins, hukou conversion, and the consequences of conversion. In contrast to massive rural-urban migration, hukou conversion is difficult and rare, but childhood urban residence increases...

As population scientists have expanded the range of topics they study, increasingly considering the interrelationship between population phenomena and social, economic, and health conditions, they have expanded the kinds of data collected and have brought to bear new data collection techniques and procedures, often borrowed from other fields. These...

Although China is a rapidly developing nation, rural–urban disparities in well-being remain large, and perhaps have become larger than in the early years of the Communist period because the urban sector has benefited from China's transition to a market economy much more than has the rural sector; or perhaps have become smaller as earning opportunit...

In South Africa, 350 years of apartheid practice and fifty years of concerted apartheid policy have created racial inequalities in socio-economic position larger than in any other nation in the world. Whites, who constitute 11 percent of the population, enjoy levels of education, occupational status, and income similar and in many respects superior...

China has experienced large-scale internal migration and growing mental health disorders. Limited research has examined the relationship between the two processes. We examined the association between labor out-migration and depressive symptoms of family members left behind in migrant-sending areas. We conducted a multistage probability sample surve...

This paper extends previous work on family structure and children's education by conceptualizing migration as a distinct form of family disruption that reduces parental input but brings substantial economic benefits through remittances. It examines the multiple and countervailing effects of migration on schooling in the context of substantial migra...

Children growing up in homes with many books get 3 years more schooling than children from bookless homes, independent of their parents’ education, occupation, and class. This is as great an advantage as having university educated rather than unschooled parents, and twice the advantage of having a professional rather than an unskilled father. It ho...

In industrialized nations, sibship size generally depresses educational attainment: the larger the number of siblings, the lower the educational attainment. This association is much less consistent in developing nations, however. This article examines the effect that the number of siblings has on educational attainment in China, a nation that has e...

IntroductionThe Measurement of Occupational StatusSocioeconomic StatusOccupational ClassesSocial Mobility and Status AttainmentEducational AttainmentMethodological DevelopmentsConclusion

Data from a 1996 national probability sample of Chinese men is used to analyze the effect of family background on occupational mobility in contemporary China, with particular attention to the rural-urban institutional divide. China has an unusually high degree of mobility into agriculture and also, apparently, unusual "openness" in the current urba...

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge about the effects of industrialization upon systems of social stratification. Taking societies as the unit of observation, we consider the relationships between level of industrialization and (1) the distribution of status characteristics in the population (the structure of stratification); (2) the...

The legacy of 350 years of apartheid practice and fifty years of concerted apartheid policy has been to create racial differences in socio-economic position larger than in any other nation in the world. Whites, who constitute 11% of the population, enjoy levels of education, occupational status, and income similar to and in many respects superior t...

Racial differences in infant mortality in South Africa are studied using household-level data from 1987 to 1989 and 1998. Logistic regression models are estimated to explore the determinants of the overall trend in infant mortality and racial disparities in infants' survival chances. We do not find evidence for reduced overall risk of infant death...

Using data from Szelenyi and Treiman's (1993) six-nation survey of Social Stratification in Eastern Europe, we replicate and extend Walder, Li, and Treiman's (2000) paper showing different paths into the Chinese urban elite for professionals and cadres. For each of six formerly communist nations (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russi...

* Development of the World Inequality Study database was supported by the

The Chinese household registration system (hukou), which divides the population into “agricultural” and “nonagricultural” sectors, may be the most important determinant of differential privileges in state socialist China, determining access to good jobs, education for one’s children, housing, health care, and even the right to move to a city. Trans...

The classification and scaling of occupations constitutes the foundation of much, if not most, research on social stratification. Whether one studies access to desirable positions in societies (such as education or income), consumer styles, health outcomes, social interaction patterns, or social values and attitudes, measures of social background w...

Recent research on career mobility under communism suggests that party membership and education may have had different effects in administrative and professional careers. Using life history data from a nationally representative 1996 survey of urban Chinese adults, we subject this finding to more stringent tests and find even stronger contrasts betw...

This article examines the effects of social origins on educational attainment, using data from the 1982 census of the People's Republic of China. Analysis of intergenerational relationships in China using census data is possible because nearly half of Chinese adult men live with their fathers. The authors show that the educational attainment of men...

This paper provides operational procedures for coding internationally comparable measures of occupational status from the recently published International Standard Classification of Occupation 1988 (ISCO88) of the International Labor Office (ILO, 1990). We first discuss the nature of the ISCO88 classification and its relationship to national classi...

Using data on employed men from the 1980 and 1991 South African Censuses, we analyze the determinants of occupational status and income. Whites are found to have much higher occupational status, and especially income, than members of other racial groups. Most of the racial differentials in occupational status con be explained by racial differences...

ABSTRACT In this,article,we analyze,six,sample,surveys,that,contain,information,on intergenerational mobility ,in Italy ,and ,estimate ,linear ,trends ,in the determinants,of educational,and occupational,attainment,for birth,cohorts,and labor,market,entry,cohorts,that,together,cover,most,of the,20th century,(1904- 1985). By,pooling,data,from,survey...

"This paper gives a brief introduction to multiple imputation for handling non-response in surveys. We then describe a recently completed project in which multiple imputation was used to recalibrate industry and occupation codes in 1970 U.S. census public use samples to the 1980 standard. Using analyses of data from the project, we examine the util...

In this paper we present an International Socio-Economic Index of occupational status (ISEI), derived from the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), using comparably coded data on education, occupation, and income for 73,901 full-time employed men from 16 countries. We use an optimal scaling procedure, assigning scores to eac...

In this article we review 40 years of cross-national comparative research on the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic advantage, with particulax attention to developments over the past 15 years--that is, since the transition between (what have become known as) the second and third generations of social stratification and mobility researc...

In a nation of immigrants Los Angeles is increasingly a city of new immigrants. As of 1980,which is the most recent date for which good data are available, 20 percent of the population of the Los Angeles metropolitan area had been born abroad, mostly in Latin America and various Asian countries. Whereas New York historically has been the major port...

A substantial difference in average earnings between men and women employed full-time is documented for each of nine industrial nations, and several hypothesized explanations for the earnings gap are explored: a human capital hypothesis-women earn less because they have less education and experience; a dual career hypothesis-women earn less because...

The fourth edition of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) is potentially a major data resource for sociological analysis. The present paper provides previously unavailable information regarding the production and properties of the DOT data to facilitate assessment of their appropriateness for various research purposes. We describe the data...

To estimate the relative importance of demographic, interpersonal, and personal factors on adolescent drug use, dummy variable regression analyses were conducted on matched adolescent-parent-best schoolfriend triads (N = 1,112) from five public secondary schools in New York State. The findings indicate that the legal drugs, such as hard liquor and...

New procedures permitting a level of precision not heretofore posible in the comparative study of social mobility and the process of status attainment are used to compare data for the United States and Great Britain. We show that the British stratification system is somewhat more closed than that of the United States: there is less intergenerationa...

This paper argues that, despite a great deal of research on the topic, we have almost no firm knowledge about societal differences in the rates, patterns, and processes of occupational mobility. Insufficient attention has been paid by previous researchers to the problem of standardizing the measurement of occupational status. As a result, the paper...

The process of educational, occupational and income attainment of working women and men is compared, utilizing data from representative national samples of women age 30-44, their husbands and men of corresponding age. Comparisons are made separately for whites and nonwhites. The process and level of educational and occupational attainment is shown...

Acknowledgement: The work reported here was partly conducted when the authors were Fellows at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study NIAS, Wassenaar, Netherlands, during the academic year 1996/97. Portions of the paper have been presented at meetings of the International Sociological Association Research Committee on Social Stratification and...

In this codebook Chinese names are given in the Chinese fashion, with the family name first, followed by the personal name.] Codebook prepared by Donald J. Treiman (Last revised 14 August 1998) Note: This codebook is associated with the provisional general population data set. It is imperative that any errors and omissions discovered by users be re...

To examine the influence of scholarly culture on occupational attainment, we used the 31 countries having appropriate representative national sample survey data in the World Inequality study database (N=58,944). Regression models show that parents' home library size has a large total effect on respondent's occupational status – larger than parents'...

The relationships between various aspects of social participation--voluntary organization memberships, church attendance, and informal association with friends--and a number of social status and social background factors are examined using data from a representative sample of residents of a suburban county adjacent to Washington, D.C. In particular...

Data derived from a national sample survey reveal that education, main earner's occupation, and family income have independent effects upon class identification. Multiple regresion analyses reveal that ownership of stocks and bonds in private companies, savings bonds, and rental property makes no significant contribution to the explanation of class...

The effect of status discrepancy on attitudes toward Negroes is examined by positing an additive model of the relation between status variable and prejudice through a dummy-variable multiple-regression procedure and investigating departures from the predictions of the model. According to the status-discrepancy hypothesis, status-discrepant individu...

Two models of the relationship between occupational mobility and attitudes toward Negroes are examined: (1) an additive model which implies that individuals form their attitudes by striking an average between the views appropriate to their class of origin and those appropriate to their class of destination; and (2) an interaction model according to...