Donald R Lynam

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Verified

Donald verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Full) at Purdue University West Lafayette

In the present study, completed as a Registered Report, we assessed the level of training on issues related to open science and the replication crisis in clinical-psychology PhD programs in the United States. Syllabi were surveyed and coded from research-methods courses in these programs for topics related to open science and the replication crisis...

Imagine a paper that offers a model of the manifestations of low intelligence, titled the ‘D(umb) Factor of Low Intelligence’. Many psychologists would object to this label as being stigmatizing, unhelpful, vague, and offensive. Yet a similarly troublesome term has slipped into the psychological literature without protest – the use of ‘dark’ as a d...

Imagine a paper that offers a model of the manifestations of low intelligence, titled the ‘D(umb) Factor of Low Intelligence’. Many psychologists would object to this label as being stigmatizing, unhelpful, vague, and offensive. Yet a similarly troublesome term has slipped into the psychological literature without protest – the use of ‘dark’ as a d...

Imagine a paper that offers a model of the manifestations of low intelligence, titled the ‘D(umb) Factor of Low Intelligence’. Many psychologists would object to this label as being stigmatizing, unhelpful, vague, and offensive. Yet a similarly troublesome term has slipped into the psychological literature without protest – the use of ‘dark’ as a d...

Personality and cognition offer robust frameworks to understand the individual differences associated with externalizing behaviors. However, these literatures have historically been separated in the study of the externalizing spectrum. In the present study, we used comprehensive tests of additive and interactive effects to examine the utility of in...

Objective Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting r...

Psychopathy is a longstanding construct of great clinical interest, marked by traits such as Callousness, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011) was developed to anchor the measurement of psychopathy within the five-factor model of personality. This preregistered study presents a meta-analy...

In the internet age, recruitment, participation, and compensation for survey research can occur remotely, away from a laboratory setting. Although this method of data collection offers notable benefits such as access to more diverse samples and lower study costs, it is possible that rates of inattentive or otherwise invalid response patterns are mo...

The present study (N = 427) investigated the predictive and incremental validity of two measures of Dark Triad traits—the Dirty Dozen (DD) and the Five-Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM)—in their relation to self-reported managerial leadership. Prior research has highlighted the complexity of Dark Triad (DT) traits, suggesting that u...

In the Internet age, recruitment, participation, and compensation for survey research can occur remotely, away from a laboratory setting. Although this method of data collection offers notable benefits such as access to more diverse samples and lower study costs, it is possible that rates of inattentive or otherwise invalid response patterns are mo...

The present study completed as a registered report assessed the level of training on issuesrelated to Open Science and the replication crisis in Clinical Psychology Ph.D. programs in theUnited States. We surveyed and coded syllabi from research methods courses in these programsfor topics related to open science and the replication crisis. Additiona...

Psychopathy is a longstanding construct of great clinical interest, marked by traits such as callousness, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011) was developed to anchor the measurement of psychopathy within the Five Factor Model of personality. This preregistered study presents a meta-analy...

Personality and cognition offer robust frameworks to understand the individual differences associated with externalizing behaviors. However, these literatures have historically been separated in the study of the externalizing spectrum. The present study used comprehensive tests of additive and interactive effects to examine the utility of integrati...

The Self-Control Scale (SCS) is one of the most widely used measures in the clinical, personality, and social psychology fields. It is often treated as unidimensional, even though no research supports such a unidimensional factor structure. We tested the factor structure in an undergraduate sample as well as a community sample used for additional c...

Trait aggression is often separated into two functional dimensions: reactive and proactive tendencies. Reactive aggression is the tendency to engage in emotionally driven aggressive responses to perceived provocation, whereas proactive aggression is the tendency to engage in premeditated aggressive behaviors in the service of goal attainment. To da...

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain–EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g., Hyatt et al., 2022) or EXT-related disorders/...

This special issue of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment aimed to provide methodologically robust research conducted across the globe that addressed a variety of questions related to externalizing psychopathology across the lifespan. Across all included articles are examples of sophisticated statistical approaches or innovative...

Personality dysfunction is a core element of the diagnosis of personality disorders in both main diagnostic systems ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed.] Personality Disorders and ICD-11 [ International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision] Personality Disorders). A recent study by Sleep et al. explored the structur...

Despite the importance of psychopathy—a construct with robust relations with externalizing outcomes—little is known about how psychopathic traits manifest in middle-age to older adulthood. In the present investigation, we used a large and diverse sample of older adults from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network to examine psychopathy’s nomolo...

Three-factor models of narcissism (Agentic, Neurotic, and Antagonistic Narcissism) have gained widespread recognition in the field. The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI) stands out as the most comprehensive and only tool to date that assesses all three narcissism domains. However, its validation in Chinese culture and forensic contexts remain...

Personality dysfunction is a core element of the diagnosis of personality disorders in both main diagnostic systems (DSM-5 Personality Disorders, ICD-11 Personality Disorders). A recent study by Sleep et al. (2024) explored the structure of personality dysfunction (N = 517 undergraduates) with exploratory bass-ackward factor analyses at the item le...

In his commentary, Klonsky outlines several arguments for why preregistration mandates (PRMs) will have a negative impact on the field. Klonsky’s overarching concern is that when preregistration ceases to be a tool for research and becomes an indicator of quality itself (a primary example being preregistration badges), it loses its intended benefit...

The current study sought to provide evidence for a measure of schizoid personality disorder (SZD PD) traits using the Five-Factor Model framework of personality. In the first study, undergraduate participants (n = 496) completed the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory (FFZI) and other self-report measures. The first half of the sample was used to develo...

The objective of this preregistered study was to gather evidence on training and clinical experiences offered by clinical psychology doctoral programs on the treatment of antagonism—a construct from the personality and psychopathology literature that captures individual differences in aggressiveness, callousness, grandiosity, domineering, and manip...

Objective: Associations between dimensions of narcissism and aggression have been well-documented in Western samples. We aimed to generalize findings regarding the validity of one-, two-(Grandiose Narcissism, GN, and Vulnerable Narcissism, VN), and three-factor models (Agentic Narcissism, Agent; Neurotic Narcissism, Neuro; Antagonistic Narcissism,...

The Five-Factor Borderline Inventory (FFBI) and FFBI-Short Form (FFBI-SF) are 120-item and 48-item measures that assess the underlying maladaptive personality traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of this study was to develop a super short form (FFBI-SSF) and an FFBI-Screener to facilitate the use of dimensional trait measure...

The “Dark” Triad (DT) refers to three personality constructs with ties to socially aversive behaviors: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. These constructs are commonly assessed via omnibus self-report inventories such as the Short Dark Triad (SD3) or the Dirty Dozen. Alternatively, researchers wishing to measure “dark” traits can compil...

In his commentary, Klonsky (2024) outlines several arguments for why preregistration becoming a norm in psychological science will have a negative impact on the field. Klonsky’s overarching concern is that when preregistration ceases to be a tool for research and becomes a goal itself (a primary example being preregistration badges), it loses its b...

Scientific “jangle” occurs when two nominally different measures assess the same construct. Such “jangle” can waste resources and slow scientific progress. There is currently substantial debate surrounding the distinctiveness of the “dark factor” (D) and Agreeableness-Antagonism (A-A) as important personality constructs. The current preregistered s...

Sex differences in psychopathology are well-established, with females demonstrating higher rates of internalizing (INT) psychopathology and males demonstrating higher rates of externalizing (EXT) psychopathology. Using two waves of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 6,778 at each wave), the current study tested whether...

Quantitative, empirical approaches to establishing the structure of psychopathology hold promise to improve on traditional psychiatric classification systems. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a framework that summarizes the substantial and growing body of quantitative evidence on the structure of psychopathology. To achieve i...

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] personality disorders, International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision personality disorders) and emerging (i.e., DSM-5’s alternative model of personality disorders) models of...

This study examines the congruency between the recently introduced Dark Factor of Personality (D) and Antagonism (A; low Agreeableness) from the Five-Factor Model of personality. Using two samples (Ns of 365 and 600), we examined simple zero-order correlations between D and A (rs of .69 and .64). In addition, we used a range of relevant external cr...

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have found mainly null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g., Hyatt et al., 2022) or EXT-related disorders/...

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., DSM-5 Personality Disorders, ICD-11 Personality Disorders) and emerging (i.e., DSM-5’s Alternative Model of Personality Disorders) models of psychopathology. Yet, despite its importance within clinical nosology, attempts to identify its optimal lower-order stru...

Interaction analyses (also termed “moderation” analyses or “moderated multiple regression”) are a form of linear regression analysis designed to test whether the association between two variables changes when conditioned on a third variable. It can be challenging to perform a power analysis for interactions with existing software, particularly when...

Based on the evidence from cross-sectional studies, there is an ongoing debate whether personality traits and personality functioning are redundant (e.g., because these constructs are strongly correlated). However, some questions regarding their overlap can only be addressed using longitudinal data. In this Registered Report, we examined the (co)de...

Based on evidence from cross-sectional studies, there is an ongoing debate whether personality traits and personality functioning are redundant (e.g., because these constructs are strongly correlated). However, some questions regarding their overlap can only be addressed using longitudinal data. In this Registered Report, we examined the (co)develo...

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note...

The triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes psychopathy as underlain by three distinct trait domains: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. In addition to the original Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), several alternative measures of the TriPM have been developed from existing personality inventories, including the NEO Personality Inven...

Research has challenged the assumption that personality pathology is “ego-syntonic” or perceived favorably and consistent with one's self-image. The present study employed a community sample (n = 401) to examine relations between self-rated maladaptive personality and liking of maladaptive traits in self and others as well as meta-perception of per...

Objective: The present study examined the hierarchical structure of Conscientiousness across three large samples using item-level analyses. Background: Conscientiousness is among the strongest predictors of individual differences in major life outcomes. Yet decades of work understanding the optimal lower-order structure of Conscientiousness has...

The “Dark” Triad (DT) refers to three personality constructs with ties to socially aversive behaviors: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. These constructs are commonly assessed via omnibus self-report inventories such as the Short Dark Triad (SD3) or the Dirty Dozen (DD). Alternatively, researchers wishing to measure “dark” traits can c...

Introduction: Conscientiousness is among the strongest predictors of individual differences in major life outcomes. Yet decades of work understanding the optimal lower-order structure of Conscientiousness has not rectified the differences that remain among existing models and measures. To precisely measure its relations to major life outcomes, it i...

Wright et al. (2022) propose to replace personality disorders with a new classification of interpersonal disorders. We suggest that the trait model addresses well the limitations of the personality disorder categorical syndromes and accommodates the dynamics asserted as strengths of the interpersonal model. We identify weaknesses of the interperson...

While the neuroanatomical correlates of impulsivity in youths have been examined, there is little research on whether those correlates are consistent across childhood/adolescence. The current study uses data from the age 11/12 (N = 7,083) visit of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to investigate the replicability of previous work (Ow...

Objective: The present study examined the hierarchical structure of self-reported fearlessness and compared this structure to external criterion measures. Background: Fearlessness is often discussed in relation to clinical and personality research. However, there is a paucity of research focusing on its empirical structure, in particular with se...

Fearlessness is often discussed in relation to clinical and personality research. However, there is a paucity of research focusing on its empirical structure, in particular with self-report measures. The present study examined the hierarchical structure of self-reported fearlessness and compared this structure to external criterion measures. Using...

According to sociocognitive theories, aggression is learned and elicited through a series of cognitive processes, such as expectancies, or the various consequences that an individual considers more or less likely following aggressive behavior. The current manuscript describes a measurement development project that ultimately yielded a 16-item measu...

Research has challenged the assumption that personality pathology is “egoysyntonic” or perceived favorably and consistent with one’s self-image. The present study employed a community sample (n = 401) to examine relations between self-rated maladaptive personality and liking of maladaptive traits in self and others as well as meta-perception of per...

The personality constructs psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism, collectively described as the Dark Triad (DT), all reference socially aversive behavioral tendencies. Each construct is theorized to have features that differentiate it from others. Unfortunately, existing measures of the DT suffer from several problems. The present study com...

Introduction: This study explores the associations among narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression using repeated, situation-based measurement. We examine narcissism's relations with aggression across three levels of its theorized hierarchy (level 1: narcissism; level 2: grandiose vs. vulnerable narcissism; level 3: antagonism,...

Many measures, varying in breadth and length, have been constructed to measure narcissism. In recent years, super-short forms have become popular in research settings. Although brief measures hold some advantages, their brevity can come at psychometric costs. Participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 473) completed long and brief na...

Quantitative, empirical approaches to establishing the structure of psychopathology hold promise to improve on traditional psychiatric classification systems. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a framework that summarizes the substantial and growing body of quantitative evidence on the structure of psychopathology. To achieve i...

Partialing is a statistical approach researchers use with the goal of removing extraneous variance from a variable before examining its association with other variables. Controlling for confounds through analysis of covariance or multiple regression analysis and residualizing variables for use in subsequent analyses are common approaches to partial...

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) has been criticized because evidence suggests that it lacks appropriate validity, reliability, and clinical utility, and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) has been offered as a solution to these criticisms. Our goal in the present study was to compare clinician perc...

The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The present study examined associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy...

Basic personality traits and clinical personality disorders have been studied in the context of a wide range of behaviors, including antisocial behavior and aggression. Although the five-factor model (FFM) has been examined in relation to several types of non-partner aggression, relatively few studies have assessed the relations between FFM traits...

The Dark Triad (DT) refers to three socially aversive personality constructs: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. In response to concerns with existing self-report questionnaires measuring these constructs, we created the Five Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM), which uses 46 items to assess multidimensional, faceted versi...

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been criticized through evidence suggesting it lacks appropriate validity, reliability, and clinical utility, and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) has been offered as a solution to these criticisms. The goal of the present study was to compare clinician percepti...

While the neuroanatomical correlates of impulsivity in youths have been examined, there is little research on whether those correlates are consistent across childhood/adolescence. The current study uses data from the age 11/12 (N = 7083) visit of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to investigate the replicability of the neuroan...

Partialing is a statistical approach researchers use with the goal of removing extraneous variance from a variable before examining its association with other variables. Controlling for confounds through analysis of covariance or multiple regression analysis and residualizing variables for use in subsequent analyses are common approaches to partial...

The backbone of any field of science is quality data. In personality disorder (PD) science and the broader field of clinical psychology, researchers must consider whether participants were attentive to, understood, and responded honestly and with sufficient effort to self-report questionnaires. We review literature regarding the prevalence of inval...

Interaction analyses (also termed ‘moderation’ analyses or ‘moderated multiple regression’) are a form of linear regression analysis designed to test whether the association between two variables changes when conditioned on a third variable. It can be challenging to perform a power analysis for interactions with existing software, particularly when...

Narcissism can be conceived hierarchically at three levels: as a global construct (Level 1), as two dimensions (Level 2; grandiosity and vulnerability), and as a trifurcated model with three underlying dimensions: interpersonal antagonism, narcissistic neuroticism, and agentic extraversion (Level 3). The aim of the study was to examine how narcissi...

Personality researchers have posited multiple ways in which the relations between personality traits and life outcomes may be moderated by other traits, but there are well-known difficulties in reliable detection of such trait-by-trait interaction effects. Estimating the prevalence and magnitude base rates of trait-by-trait interactions would help...

The alternative model of personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, represents a significant advancement in our understanding of personality disorders. Despite this advancement, nearly 10 years after its introduction, considerable debate rema...

The backbone of any field of science is quality data. In personality disorder (PD) science and the broader field of clinical psychology, researchers must consider whether participants were attentive to, understood, and responded honestly and with sufficient effort to self-report questionnaires. We review literature regarding the prevalence of inval...

Personality researchers have posited multiple ways in which the relations between personality traits and life outcomes may be moderated by other traits, but there are well-known difficulties in reliable detection of such trait-by-trait interaction effects. Estimating the prevalence and magnitude base-rates of trait-by-trait interactions would help...

Tests of statistical interactions (or tests of moderation effects) in personality disorder research are a common way for researchers to examine nuanced hypotheses relevant to personality pathology. However, the nature of statistical interactions makes them difficult to reliably detect in many research scenarios. The present study used a flexible, s...

The Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD; APA, 2013), introduced in the DSM-5, represents a significant advancement in our understanding of personality disorders (PDs). Despite this advancement, nearly 10 years after its introduction, considerable debate remains regarding the conceptualization, operationalization, and ultimately the util...

The Dark Triad (DT) refers to three socially aversive personality constructs: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. In response to concerns with existing self-report questionnaires measuring these constructs, we created the Five Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM), which uses 46 items to assess multidimensional, faceted versi...

Abbreviated measures of personality have the promise of providing concise measurements of the broad domains. Nonetheless, few abbreviated instruments assess the lower-order traits within these models. The Five-Factor Model Rating Form (FFMRF) is one brief instrument that assesses 30 lower-order facets. Given a tradeoff of abbreviated measures is re...

The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Models of pathological personality provide useful frameworks for assessing t...

Insults convey information about the speaker’s perception of the target’s personality. Previous research has found that several commonly used insults (“asshole,” “dick,” “bitch”) are uniformly associated with self- and other-reported antagonism (or low Agreeableness). We aimed to replicate and extend these findings by focusing on “asshole,” a commo...

Introduction: Males and females tend to exhibit small but reliable differences in personality traits and indices of psychopathology that are relatively stable over time and across cultures. Previous work suggests that sex differences in brain structure account for differences in domains of cognition. Methods: We used data from the Human Connecto...

The introduction of the alternative model of personality disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Model of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) represented a substantive change in how personality disorders (PDs) are diagnosed. One barrier to its adoption (among several) in clinical practice, however, is...

Insults convey information about the speaker’s perception of the target’s personality. Previous research has found that several commonly used insults (“asshole,” “dick,” “bitch”) are uniformly associated with self- and other-reported antagonism (or low Agreeableness). We aimed to replicate and extend these findings by focusing on the insult “asshol...

This article outlines the Phase 1 efforts of the HiTOP Measure Development group for externalizing constructs, which include disinhibited externalizing, antagonistic externalizing, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use, and externalizing/maladaptive behaviors. We provide background on the constructs included and the process and is...

This chapter provides an overview of the literature on personality and deviant behavior. The chapter begins with a review of the literature on the relations of deviant behavior to psychopathy (PSY), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and narcissistic personality disorder/narcissism (NAR)—the personality-related constructs most frequently studi...

The introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Model of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, APA, 2013) represented a substantive change in how personality disorders (PDs) are diagnosed. One barrier to its adoption (among several) in clinical practice, however, is a lack of infor...

Meanness (i.e., callousness/unemotionality, antagonism) and disinhibition (e.g., impulsivity, antisocial behavior) are the consensus traits that undergird psychopathy. Significant debate exists regarding a proposed third dimension of boldness or fearless dominance, characterized by particularly high levels of both extraversion and emotional stabili...

Recent personality neuroscience research in large samples suggests that personality traits tend to bear nulltosmall relations to morphometric (i.e., brain structure) regions of interest (ROIs). In this preregistered, two-part study using Human Connectome Project data (N = 1,105), we address the possibility that these null-to-small relations are due...

Machiavellianism is a personality construct characterized by cynicism, callousness, and skillful manipulation of others to achieve personal gains. We review the Machiavellianism literature with a particular focus on its measurement alongside narcissism and psychopathy in the so-called "Dark Triad" (DT). We discuss criticisms of Machiavellianism on...

Wide empirical support exists for 2 aspects of narcissism-grandiosity and vulnerability. Hostility is a form of interpersonal antagonism, which is considered central to narcissism broadly. Though it has often been subsumed by the concept of narcissistic grandiosity, interpersonal antagonism is associated with vulnerability as well. Rejection repres...

Narcissism is of great interest to behavioral scientists and the lay public. Research across the past 20 years has led to substantial progress in the conceptualization, measurement, and study of narcissism. This article reviews the current state of the field, identifying recent advances and outlining future directions. Advances include hierarchical...

Personality disorders are rooted in maladaptive interpersonal behaviors. Previously, researchers have assessed interpersonal behaviors using self-ratings of one's own behaviors and third-person ratings of dyadic interactions. Few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of others' interpersonal behaviors. Using a sample of 470 undergraduate s...

Introduction Narcissism is a complex, hierarchical construct that can be studied at the one, two, or three factor levels with different components within each level having their own unique nomological networks. The manner in which narcissism – both broadly and narrowly construed – is linked to aggression is important to understand given longstandin...

Purpose of review: The current review provides an examination of the levels of personality functioning outlined by the International Classification of Diseases-11 and the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Recent findings: Across self-report measures, high convergence is observed, and they evince relatively...

Machiavellianism is a personality construct characterized by cynicism, callousness, and skillful manipulation of others to achieve personal gains. We review the Machiavellianism literature with a particular focus on its measurement alongside narcissism and psychopathy in the so-called “Dark Triad” (DT). We discuss criticisms of Machiavellianism on...

Meanness (i.e., callousness/unemotionality, antagonism) and disinhibition (e.g., impulsivity, antisocial behavior) are the consensus traits which undergird psychopathy. Significant debate exists regarding a proposed third dimension of boldness or fearless dominance, characterized by particularly high levels of both extraversion and emotional stabil...

Jonason and Luoto (2021) examined group differences in Dark Triad (DT) traits across sexual orientations and interpreted their results as indicative of higher levels of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism among sexual minority individuals. We address three ways in which this work lacks methodological rigor: (1) analytic decisions, (2) mea...