Domiziano Tarantino

Background: Because of its anatomy and function, the rotator cuff (RC) is vulnerable to considerable morbidity. The prevalence of RC diseases (RCDs) among the general population is 5–39%, reaching over 30% in patients older than 60. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the effects of the use of collagen injections in the treat...

Gluteal tendinopathy, a prevalent cause of lateral hip pain, primarily affects the tendons of the gluteus medius (GMed) and minimus (GMin). This condition is commonly seen in middle-aged women and athletes, often resulting from repetitive stress, overuse, or biomechanical abnormalities. Diagnosing gluteal tendinopathy requires a comprehensive appro...

Background: Due to its anatomy and function, the rotator cuff (RC) is vulnerable to considerable morbidity. The prevalence of RC diseases (RCD) in the general population is of 5–39%, and it increases with age, reaching over 30% in patients over 60 years old. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the effects of collagen injectio...

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling condition often managed with physiotherapy or intra-articular injections. However, the comparative effectiveness of these treatments remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of physiotherapy and intra-articular injections in managing knee OA....

Background: Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a common condition characterized by repeated episodes of ankle “giving way” and impaired balance, leading to functional limitations. Various rehabilitation techniques, including balance training, proprioceptive exercises, whole-body vibration (WBV), and novel approaches like stroboscopic vision, are us...

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive and multifactorial disease that leads to joint pain, muscle weakness, physical disability, and decreased quality of life. In KOA, the quantity of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the molecular weight (MW) are decreased, leading to joint pain due to increased wear of the knee articular cartilage. Arthrogenic muscle...

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a progressive and multifactorial disease that leads to joint pain, muscle weakness, physical disability, and decreased quality of life. In KOA, hyaluronic acid (HA) quantity and molecular weight (MW) are decreased, leading to joint pain due to increased wear of the knee articular cartilage. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition...

Muscle and tendon injuries encompass a wide range of conditions, including both acute and chronic ailments, and are common among athletes, representing a significant cause of injuries in various sports. Frequently affected areas include the hamstrings, quadri-ceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Concurrently, tendinopathy presents a complex clinic...

Tendons are vital components of the musculoskeletal system, facilitating movement and supporting mechanical loads. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D, beyond its well-established role in bone health, exerts significant effects on tendon physiology. The aim of this manuscript is to review the impact of vitamin D on tendons, focusing on its me...

Tennis elbow is a tendinopathy of the lateral elbow that causes pain and functional limitation. This systematic review investigates the effects of hyaluronic acid injections for treating tennis elbow. A systematic search of scientific electronic databases (CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL) was performed up...

Immunosenescence is the age-related changes in the immune system, namely, progressively higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers, characteristics changes of circulating immune subset cells and altered immune function. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NL ratio) has been identified as a prognostic indicator for neoplastic disease progress...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a lateral, rotated curvature of the spine. It is a 3-dimensional deformity that arises in otherwise healthy children at or around puberty. AIS is the most common form of scoliosis in the pediatric population. The etiology is multifactorial, including genetic and environmental factors. The incidence is roughl...

Real-time biofeedback (Rt-Bf) has gained substantial recognition in recent years as an invaluable tool in the fields of rehabilitation and sports medicine. Its application has piqued the interest of professionals across a wide spectrum of sports settings, making it a pivotal focus of research. The primary objective of this study was to investigate...

Aging is characterized by chronic low-level inflammation, and is associated with geriatric syndromes such as sarcopenia and frailty. Our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal variation of muscle area, muscle quality, and muscle strength, relative to the variation of leukocyte-derived markers, and to assess the presence of a pathway of associations a...

Post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) is a debilitating consequence of hemiplegia, often hindering rehabilitation efforts and further limiting motor recovery. With the advent of robotic-assisted therapies in neurorehabilitation, there is potential for innovative interventions for PSSP. This study systematically reviewed the current literature to determi...

Stem cells have demonstrated significant potential for tissue repair and regeneration, making them a promising therapeutic avenue in sports medicine. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the application of stem cells in sports medicine. We will discuss the types of stem cells used, their mechanism...

Background Neutrophils and lymphocytes represent the larger percentage of all white blood cells, they vary with age, with a progressive increase of the ratio in the first years of life, and then tend to remain at similar levels in steady state condition during adult age. Neutrophils to lymphocytes-ratio (NL-ratio) was proposed as an effective and l...

The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon of the human body, and it is frequently injured during sports activity. The incidence of Achilles tendon pathologies has increased over recent decades, especially in the last few years, because of increased sports participation among the general population and due to the diffusion of competit...

Sarcopenia is characterized by skeletal muscle quantitative and qualitative alterations. A marker of collagen turnover, procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (P3NP), seems to be related to those conditions. This study aims to assess the predictive role of P3NP in muscle density and physical performance changes. In the InCHIANTI study, a represent...

Background Neutrophils and lymphocytes represent the larger percentage of all blood white cells, they vary with age, with a progressive increase of the ratio in the first years of life, and then tend to remain at similar levels in steady state condition during adult age. Neutrophils to lymphocytes-ratio (NL-ratio) was proposed as an effective and l...

Background Neutrophils and lymphocytes represent the larger percentage of all white bloodcells, they vary with age, with a progressive increase of the ratio in the first years of life, and then tend to remain at similar levels in steady state condition during adult age. Neutrophils to lymphocytes-ratio (NL-ratio) was proposed as an effective and lo...

Aim: Forward head posture (FHP) is a very common pathological neck posture among people who frequently use multimedia devices, and it could be related to some musculoskeletal disorders. However, its role in influencing lung function and its relationship with neck disability are still debated in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present stud...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. Exercise therapy has been identified as a first-line treatment option in patients suffering from knee OA. High-intensity training (HIT) is an innovative exercise modality with potential in improving various disease-related outcomes. The purpose of this review is to explore the imp...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. Exercise therapy has been identified as a first-line treatment option in patients suffering from knee OA. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an innovative exercise modality with potential in improving various disease-related outcomes. The purpose of this review is to explo...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent degenerative progressive joint disease worldwide, with the hand, hip, and knee being the most-affected joints. Actually, no treatment can alter the course of OA, and therapy is directed at reducing pain and improving function. The exogenous administration of collagen has been investigated as a possible sympt...

Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) is characterized by pain, poor muscle strength of the wrist ex-tensors, and disability. Among the conservative rehabilitative approaches, focal as well as radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), are considered effective in LET management. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and effectivene...

Cervical myofascial pain is a very common clinical condition in the daily practice of musculoskeletal physicians. Physical examination is currently the cornerstone for evaluating the cervical muscles and identifying the eventual presence of myofascial trigger points. Herein, the role of ultrasound assessment in precisely localizing them is progress...

The glenohumeral joint is the third most common joint to be affected by osteoarthritis (OA). Practising volleyball can lead to shoulder arthritis due to repetitive mechanical stress on the shoulder joint. The first step of management of primary glenohumeral OA usually is the non-operative treatment, with intra-articular injections representing one...

Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists past the normal healing time. Physical activity and exercise programs are increasingly being promoted and used for a variety of chronic pain conditions. Evidence suggests that physical exercise is an intervention with few adverse events that may improve pain severity and physical function, thus improvin...

Hallux valgus is the commonest forefoot deformity, consisting in a deviation of the great toe. The pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial, with women being more affected than men. Hallux valgus causes symptoms in three ways: pain in the bunion, lack of space for the other toes, and metatarsalgia. Traumatic hallux valgus is an increasingly co...

Muscle injuries are the most common trauma in team and individual sports. The muscles most frequently affected are those of the lower limb, and in particular hamstrings, adductors, rectus femoris and calf muscles. Although several scientific studies have tried to propose different rehabilitation protocols, still too often the real rehabilitation pr...

This chapter presents a case scenario of a 27‐year‐old woman who presents to the outpatient clinic with pain and giving way in her left knee. The patient undergoes surgical treatment with an arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and open repair of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). Many clinical diagnostic tests ar...

This chapter presents a case scenario of a 28‐year‐old soccer player who comes to the Emergency Department with right knee pain after sustaining direct trauma during a match. Clinical examination reveals an effusion, locking, tenderness, and painful flexion/extension of the knee, suggesting a meniscal lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the...

This chapter presents a case scenario of a 41‐year‐old male runner who presents with swelling 2.5 cm in diameter, 4 cm proximal to the insertion of the Achilles tendon. Several management options have been proposed to allow recovery of patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may be a good option in these pa...

COVID-19 outbreak had a huge worldwide impact, and several countermeasures to contain its spread have been adopted, such as the interruption of nonurgent outpatient clinics. We wanted to describe the effects of the national lockdown on the well-being of a cohort of Italian patients with cerebral palsy (CP) receiving botulinum toxin (BT) therapy and...

Soccer players are susceptible to repeated trauma that could lead to a precocious development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) injections have been proposed as a valid treatment for knee OA. Objectives: To describe the effects of IA-HA injections and oral collagen supplementation in a female soccer goalkeeper pla...

Beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) are activated by the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. Adrenoceptors are found in different tissues, such as smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Stimulation of adrenoceptors is implicated in several physiological functions in the body, such as bronchodilation, increased perfusion...

The Achilles tendon is the thickest, strongest and largest tendon in the human body, but despite its size and tensile strength, it frequently gets injured. Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) mainly occur during sports activities, and their incidence has increased over the last few decades. Achilles tendon tears necessitate a prolonged recovery time, s...

The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon of the human body and it gets frequently injured during sports activity. The incidence of Achilles tendon pathologies has increased over the last decades, especially in the last few years, as a result of the increased sports participation among general population and for the diffusion of comp...

Background. Plantar fasciopathy is a frequent source of foot pain in athletes, and it is caused by the degeneration of the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia, usually triggered by repetitive microtrauma. Type I porcine collagen was shown to enhance tendon repair in vitro, and collagen injections are currently used to treat different tendinopa...

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in elderly patients with hip fractures (HF) (intracapsular and extracapsular). Many factors influence the patterns of HF, but the role of nutrition is not yet clear. In this investigation, an analysis of the body compositions of geriatric patients with HF was conducted, to identify differences in the nutritional sta...

In the past three decades, the incidence of Achilles tendinopathy has risen as a result of greater participation in recreational and competitive sporting activities [1]. However, this condition does not involve only athletes: in one series of 58 patients, nearly one-third did not participate in vigorous physical activity [2].

Introduction: It is widely recognised that physically active lifestyle and sport participation have the potential to improve health. However, involvement in sports can increase the risk of sustaining an injury. Recently, a growing interest in the issue of sports injury prevention has been registered. Despite the variety of preventive intervention p...

Introduction: Distal femoral shaft fractures are characterized by increasing incidence and complexity and are still considered a challenging problem (high morbidity and mortality). No consensus on best surgical option has been achieved. Aim: This study aims is to investigate radiographic, mineral bone densitometry and clinical outcomes of lockin...

Background. Patellofemoral instability is commonly associated with the rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), and the role of the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL) is slowly emerging. Soft tissue reconstructions are able to restore patellar stability. Methods. We present a surgical technique for the combined reconstruction of the...

The Achilles tendon is formed by the confluence of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserts on the posterior surface of the calcaneus. Non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy is common. Recently the importance of inflammation has been re-evaluated.

This study investigated the prevalence of hyponatremia during the hospital stay, in a cohort of elderly patients with hip fractures who underwent surgery within 48 h from admission. Records data were retrieved from the database of the San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital of Salerno, Italy. All elderly patients (≥65 years old) with a docum...

DNA holds genetic information in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells; and has three different functions: replication, storage of hereditary information, and regulation of cell division. Most studies described the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to common orthopaedics diseases and the susceptibility to develop musculoskeletal injurie...

Hip fractures are associated with a 20% one-year mortality and a 50% loss of function. Over 700,000 deaths are estimated to occur annually worldwide following hip fractures. Concern exist regarding which is the best implant for extracapsular fractures fixation. For a correct positioning of the cephalic screw, a new plate (O'Nil Anteversa® mini-plat...

Introduction: The present systematic review investigates the biological and chemical mechanisms that affect the health and structure of tendons following the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs). Sources of data: A total of 12 articles were included, organized, and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse...

Background The absence of a single, identifiable traumatic cause has been traditionally used as a definition for a causative factor of overuse injury. Excessive loading, insufficient recovery, and underpreparedness can increase injury risk by exposing athletes to relatively large changes in load. The musculoskeletal system, if subjected to excessiv...

Tendinopathies are challenging. The term "tendinopathy" refers to clinical condition characterized by pain, swelling, and functional limitations of tendons and nearby structures. Tendinopathies give rise to significant morbidity, and, at present, only limited scientifically proven management modalities exist. Achilles and patellar tendons are among...

La specifica definizione di lesione da sovraccarico è comunemente basata sul concetto di assenza di una singola causa traumatica acuta scatenante, e configura una sindrome dolorosa muscolo-scheletrica ad esordio subdolo non riconducibile ad altra patologia nota. I calciatori professionisti riportano circa 2 infortuni per stagione, con conseguente p...

Surgical management of chronic tendon Achilles ruptures usually requires tendon grafting procedures. Several techniques have been described. We describe the use of 3 different minimally invasive tendon transfer techniques in the management of patients with a chronic rupture of the tendon Achilles, undertaking a free transfer of the semitendinosus t...

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of hyponatremia in elderly patients (≥65 years old) with hip fractures. Subjects and Methods: All records containing clinical and laboratory data on the 334 elderly patients admitted to the San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital of Salerno, Italy, with hip fractures during 2014 and 2015, w...

Muscle injuries are frequent in athletes and their optimal management and rehabilitation strategies are still debated in literature. Most muscle injuries are managed conservatively with good results, while surgery is reserved only for larger tears. The diagnosis is usually clinical and imaging tools are used to identify the extent and site of lesio...

Tendons disorders can be disabling. Tendon pathology has become particularly relevant only in the last few years, principally for two reasons: The diffusion of competitive sports at a high level Different approach to tendon problems since there is a better knowledge on the physiopathology and molecular structure of tendons

The aim of treatment for chronic tears of the Achilles tendon is to minimise and relieve symptoms and improve function. Surgery aims to restore tendon continuity. However, the stumps of the non-healed tendon can be atrophic, retracted and separated by a gap too large for end-to-end repair even following mobilisation. It is not usual for patients wi...

Transfer of the tendon of peroneus brevis was first proposed for the management of chronic tears of the Achilles tendonin 1974 [6]. Since then, it has been used successfully in patients with large defects of the Achilles tendon [1]. Miskulin et al. used combined peroneus brevis transfer with augmentation of the plantaris tendon for the management o...

Achilles tendon ruptures are common, but the correct diagnosis may be missed in up to 20% of patients at initial presentation. In some patients, a chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon may heal in continuity, resulting in a lengthened Achilles tendon. The elongated structure must now be shortened or reconstructed to allow some restoration of push-...