
Dominik SchreyerWHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management | WHU · Center for Sports and Management (CSM)
Dominik Schreyer
Dr. rer. pol.
About
86
Publications
31,375
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Introduction
Associated with the Center for Sports and Management (CSM) at WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, I explore the role of socio-psychological factors in individual (economic) behavior and decision-making through the lenses of professional sports. In addition, I take a keen research interest in the analysis of sports demand.
Additional affiliations
February 2015 - present
February 2011 - December 2014
Publications
Publications (86)
Public referenda have gained momentum as a democratic tool to legitimise public mega projects such as hosting the Olympic Games. Interest groups in favour of hosting the Olympics therefore try to influence voters through public campaigns that primarily focus on economic benefits. However, recent studies find no or hardly any economic impact of host...
Despite an extensive literature on stadium attendance demand, our understanding of those factors shaping spectator no-show behavior is rudimentary at best. Here, we explore such behavior by using a comprehensive two-step approach: First, we examine the determinants of no-show behavior in the German Bundesliga between the four seasons 2014-15 and 20...
The Covid-19 pandemic has induced worldwide natural experiments on the effects of crowds. We exploit one of these experiments that took place over several countries in almost identical settings: professional football matches played behind closed doors within the 2019/20 league seasons. We find large and statistically significant effects on the numb...
In this paper, we show that the right to determine the sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament improves the chances of winning the contest. Because studying dynamic team tournaments-like R&D races-with interim feedback is difficult with company data, we examine decisions of highly paid professionals in soccer penalty shootouts and show that...
Because maximizing stadium attendance demand is of utmost importance, for both sports economists and sport management researchers, understanding the potential determinants of such demand better has become a priority in the last decades. Here, conducting a systematic scoping review, we map this previous research in terms of its characteristics, its...
In December 2022, Cristiano Ronaldo, five‐time Ballon d’Or winner and the most‐followed person on Instagram, signed for Al‐Nassr in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This marked one of several expensive, recent interventions by the kingdom in global sports markets. We exploit the timing of this event to estimate superstar effects. Ronaldo alone increase...
Women's sports have seen a trend of diversification recently, with women's and men's teams merging to form integrated football clubs. While such integrated clubs (e.g., Paris Saint-Germain), in particular, have determined the media headlines with record attendances, governing bodies have begun drafting policies to accelerate such strategic integrat...
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and the associated evolving social behavior could likely catalyze a remarkable transformation in the consumption of top-tier sports. Nonetheless, existing research efforts have neglected to explore whether and how the sports management practice might nee...
We revisit the magnitude of home advantage at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, looking back all the way to Athens in 1896. By comparing a host country's success with their performances in previous and subsequent games, we find that home advantage has declined over time as participation and the diversity of competition have increased. Hosts of t...
Spectators play a vital role in professional sports. As such, it may not surprise that many football clubs continue to pursue stadium expansion and increase seat supply. Still, as new technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and blockchain technology enter the mass market, the question arises if the strategy of ever-increasing...
In December 2022, Cristiano Ronaldo, five-time Ballon d’Or winner and the most-followed person on Instagram, signed a reported €200million contract to play football in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for two and a half years. This marked one of several recent ground-shaking and expensive interventions by the KSA in global sports markets. We explo...
Research question: In this study, we add to the slowly emerging literature on modeling the demand for women's sports by exploring the robustness of the determinants for women's volleyball – previously a largely neglected team sport – across three different distribution channels, i.e., online streaming, TV broadcasts, and the stadium experience.
Re...
Purpose | The purpose is to review literature on sports season ticket subscriptions to distil current knowledge and guide future research and practice.
Design/methodology/approach | A systematic literature review is conducted of research on sports season tickets, a long-established and innovative subscription category.
Findings | In-depth examina...
Rationale: In professional sports, no-shows increasingly pose a significant challenge to the management. Even though previous research has already established that such spectator no-show behavior (NSB) is more widespread among season ticket holders (STHs), the related literature has produced conflicting findings on the antecedents of such defective...
In less than a decade, the Egyptian Premier League has experienced three distinct changes between periods of competition in either crowded or empty stadiums. We exploit this unique sequence of natural experiments, to answer two questions neglected by the still emerging literature on the effects of crowds on behaviour and decision-making. First, doe...
Economists have used Covid-19 as an exogenous shock to improve understanding of sports markets and in doing so gain broader economic insights. These natural experiments have provided partial answers to: how airborne viruses may spread in crowds; how people respond to the risk and information about infection; how the absence of crowds reduces the so...
The number of people consuming sporting events has long interested economists. Although imperfect, it is a measure of the demand for a 'peculiar' type of good or service - the sporting
event. It also provides some measure of the social pressure on individuals performing. That pressure can be supportive, but it can also contribute to negative outcom...
Despite an extensive body of research indicating multifaceted advantages for employees deemed physically attractive, factors that limit or even negate the attractiveness premium have not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, we are interested in whether a rich set of physical appearance factors matter when performance information is transp...
European soccer leagues’ internationalization efforts have significantly increased the number of available telecasts abroad. In the US, this has fueled discussions about the degree of audience overlap between networks broadcasting international soccer. However, whether and to what extent telecasts of different leagues indeed constitute substitutes...
Research question
Despite the potential importance of awards as a possible career catalyst, research on awards is still in its infancy, specifically in sports management. Here, we address this shortcoming in the sports economics and management literature by exploring data from youth association football.
Research methods
Estimating different probi...
Rationale
Over the last two decades, sports economists and management scholars alike have increasingly begun modeling the tv demand for professional sports, most notably association football. However, there as yet exists no empirical study on whether the observed mechanisms are robust across different distribution channels.
Design/methodology/appr...
Despite a solid foundation of women’s career progression research, the role of personality and psychosocial characteristics in explaining objective career success is not yet fully understood. Today, two alternative perspectives on the role of gender and personality in career advancement prevail. On the one hand, the gender-invariant role demands pe...
No-show behavior, a distinct form of absenteeism, is often problematic, particularly in the service industry. Given the growing relevance of the phenomenon in the industry, an increasing number of researchers from such different disciplines as educational economics, healthcare management research, and sports economics have begun examining both the...
We use a series of historical natural experiments in association football to test whether social pressure from a home stadium crowd affected behavior and outcomes. The standout effect of an empty stadium was that referees cautioned visiting players less often, by over a third of a yellow card per match or once for every 22 fouls committed. Stadium...
Despite an extensive body of research indicating multifaceted advantages for employees deemed physically attractive, factors that limit or even negate the attractiveness premium have not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, we are particularly interested in whether a rich set of physical appearance factors matter when performance informat...
In this study, we contribute to the ongoing incremental validation efforts of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS). Using primary personality and cognition data from 164 German athletes in vocational careers, we intend to replicate Zacher’s (2014) seminal work in an alternative Western environment while also extending it in two significant ways:...
In less than a decade, the Egyptian Premier League has experienced three distinct changes between periods of competition in either crowded or empty stadiums. We exploit this unique sequence of natural experiments, to answer two questions neglected by the still emerging literature on the effects of crowds on behaviour and decision-making. First, doe...
Forecasting the number of Olympic medals for each nation is highly relevant for different stakeholders: Ex ante, sports betting companies can determine the odds while sponsors and media companies can allocate their resources to promising teams. Ex post, sports politicians and managers can benchmark the performance of their teams and evaluate the dr...
We use a series of historical natural experiments in association football to test whether social pressure from a home stadium crowd affected behaviour and outcomes. The standout effect of an empty stadium was that referees cautioned visiting players less often, by over a third of a yellow card per match or once for every twenty-two fouls committed....
In this note, we consider early evidence regarding behavioural responses to an emerging public health emergency. We explore patterns in stadium attendance demand by exploiting match-level data from the Belarusian Premier League (BPL), a football competition that kept playing unrestricted in front of spectators throughout the global COVID-19 pandemi...
As in many industry sectors, in professional sports, no-shows increasingly pose a significant challenge to the management. Previous research has established that spectator no-show behavior is widespread among season ticket holders, in particular, but the specific antecedents of such behavior seem to be context-sensitive. Accordingly, in this note,...
We revisit the magnitude of home advantage at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, looking back all the way to Athens in 1896. By comparing a host country’s success with their performances in previous and subsequent games, we find that home advantage has declined over time as participation and the diversity of competition have increased. Hosts of t...
Despite a solid foundation of women’s career progression research, the role of personality and psychosocial characteristics in explaining objective career success is not yet fully understood. Structural underrepresentation of female executives at board levels remains an issue in both Europe in general and Germany in particular. Today, two alternati...
In this article, we contribute to the emerging literature on the potential determinants of football spectator no-show behavior by analyzing disaggregated data capturing season ticket holder (STH) behavior outside the German market for the first time. Intriguingly, our empirical analysis of a unique panel dataset – containing distinct admission deci...
For football executives, understanding the determinants of spectator no-show behavior better is of utmost importance. Recent research efforts, however, have primarily focused on exploring the potential effects of determinants that the club management can hardly influence (e.g., potential scheduling effects, the visiting team's quality, and the weat...
The economics of sport and how sport provides insights into economics have experienced exogenous shocks from COVID-19, facilitating many natural experiments. These have provided partial answers to questions of: how airborne viruses may spread in crowds; how crowds respond to the risk and information about infection; how the absence of crowds may af...
Research question: In this short article, we explore whether highly diversified professional football clubs, from an investor perspective, are better prepared for an unpredictable global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic than undiversified clubs.
Research methods: We apply event study methodology to analyze stock market reactions at football cl...
Forecasting the number of Olympic medals for each nation is highly relevant for different stakeholders: Ex ante, sports betting companies can determine the odds while sponsors and media companies can allocate their resources to promising teams. Ex post, sports politicians and managers can benchmark the performance of their teams and evaluate the dr...
Because no-show behavior typically leads to operational inefficiencies and thus diminishing returns for service firms, a growing number of authors have demonstrated the potential of using reminders to reduce no-show rates. In this study, by examining the behavioral responses of 13,911 season ticket holders of a professional football team in Germany...
Research question: In an increasingly segmented TV market, niche sports rights owners competing with giants such as professional football often face the question of whether it ultimately pays for them to move from a free to a pay TV distribution strategy – that is, behind a paywall. Interestingly, at present, sport management research has not provi...
The Covid-19 pandemic has induced worldwide natural experiments on the effects of crowds. We exploit one of these experiments that took place over several countries in almost identical settings: professional football matches played behind closed doors within the 2019/20 league seasons. We find large and statistically significant effects on the numb...
In this note, we consider early evidence regarding behavioural responses to an emerging public health emergency. We explore patterns in stadium attendance demand by exploiting match-level data from the Belarusian Premier League (BPL), a football competition that kept playing unrestricted in front of spectators throughout the global COVID-19 pandemi...
When facing complex decisions, individuals often employ heuristics, relying on affective feelings rather than systematically evaluating decisional pros and cons. If this heuristic misguides the personal decisions, the consequences may be unfortunate for the individuals but not harmful to the wider society. This is not the case, however, for decisio...
We use a series of natural experiments in association football (soccer) to test whether the lack of social pressure from spectators affected behaviour and outcomes. We observe that the normal advantage to the home team from playing in their own stadium was on average eroded when they played behind closed doors, with no supporters. Among the various...
This paper addresses a critical gap in talent management research, i.e., the question of what determines high performance, by highlighting the importance of personality trait for the performance of talents who are trained within the strong situation of a pivotal talent pool – the talent pool, of a German Bundesliga club. The findings illustrate the...
Despite a rich literature on the psychological responses to terrorist attacks, surprisingly little is known about the subsequent changes in citizen behavior. In this research note, we exploit a unique sequence of two rare events, the Paris attacks of 13 November 2015 and the cancelation of the international friendly between Germany and the Netherla...
In recent years, the composition of revenue sources has changed substantially for professional football clubs, thereby leading to a significant dependency on broadcasting income. Accordingly, economists, traditionally more interested in the economic analysis of football stadium attendances, have begun turning their attention to the potential determ...
In recent years, the composition of revenue sources has changed substantially for professional football clubs, thereby leading to a significant dependency on broadcasting income. Accordingly, economists, traditionally more interested in the economic analysis of football stadium attendances, have begun turning their attention to the potential determ...
Public referenda have recently put an end to the ambitions of several cities to host the Olympic Games. The outcome of referenda depends on two major decisions: a content decision whether to support hosting the Olympics and a turnout decision whether or not to cast a vote. Unlike the content decision, the turnout decision has received little attent...
In this paper, we aim to contribute to the ever-growing economic literature on the determinants of football stadium attendance by exploring the increasingly important yet under-researched phenomenon of spectator no-show behavior. More specifically, we analyze a panel data set containing unique information on no-show behavior observed in the stadium...
The analysis of stadium attendance demand has a long tradition in the economic literature. However, despite its evident merits, this previous research has been critiqued at several levels, in particular for relying on a suboptimal demand proxy, i.e., published attendance data. In this short note, we address these shortcomings by exploring a highly...
Using comprehensive game-level performance records of 2,137 professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) between 1985 to 2014, we examine how players respond to a profound shock in the team composition, namely, upon a high-status player (players who received performance awards) joining the team. We analyse the change...
During recent referenda on hosting the Olympic Games people have often rejected their city’s Olympic ambitions, leading various disappointed pro-Olympic stakeholders to attest the public a lack of reasoning when making their decision. In response to this allegation, our research examines the interplay between expected feelings and deliberate reason...
Season ticket holders (STHs) are an integral part of the sporting product. Interestingly, and contrary to the persistent interest in analyzing the determinants of stadium attendances, sports economists have so far largely refrained from exploring the potential determinants of STH loyalty as expressed through regular stadium attendances. In this let...
This article adopts a comprehensive two-step approach to dissolve recent confusion regarding the role of game outcome uncertainty in the TV demand for international team sports. Analyzing the German TV demand for 457 international football games broadcasted during 6 FIFA World Cups and 5 UEFA European Championships and 287 international games playe...
Much of the research on how human capabilities contribute to labor market success focuses on traditional human capital predictors. However, researchers are becoming increasingly aware of the important role of personality traits in determining individual labor market outcomes, both positive and negative. Using data from young professional football p...
Despite the increasing internationalization of marketing activities by professional sporting clubs, previous research exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in spectator demand has been exclusively conducted within national contexts. As a consequence, very little is known about the preferences of international TV spectators watching g...
Despite its prominence in the economic literature, our knowledge regarding the role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in spectator decision-making is fairly limited. Even worse, studies testing the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis (UOH) by exploring TV demand for European football have further intensified the original ambiguity. In this paper, we...
In this study we investigate the important but rather ambiguous role of game outcome uncertainty (GOU) in consumers’ demand for professional sports. Specifically, using a unique and strongly balanced panel data set containing information on individual physical attendance from 13,892 season ticket holders (STHs) of a German professional football clu...
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the future of professional soccer by 2025. Scientific foresight studies on this industry do not yet exist despite its current position at a crossroads: toward further exploitation of profit potential? Or clear commitment to the traditional European Model of Sport?
Design/methodology/approach
– The...
This study analyzes 400 broadcasts of Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) Formula One (F1) World Championship Grands Prix between 1993 and 2014 in order to explore the question of whether race outcome uncertainty affects the TV demand for F1 racing in Germany. The results reveal that demand is shaped by race outcome uncertainty as proxi...
Although identification is critical to organizational survival, knowledge on how identification changes and evolves over time is still limited. Not only can tastes and choices vary across both social context and time, but individuals can change or choose their identity, as well as their ideals, group loyalty, and/or social category. Hence, in this...