Dominic Doran

Liverpool John Moores University | LJMU · School of Sport and Exercise Sciences

Hurling is one of the world’s fastest field sports. Since the last review of science and Gaelic sports in 2008, there has been an increase in sports science provisions across elite and sub-elite cohorts, resulting in increased hurling-specific literature equating to an additional 111 research investigations into the game across all sports science d...

The present study aimed to determine the physical-tactical profiles of elite football teams and individual players according to final league rankings. A total of 50 English Premier League matches (n = 100 match and 583 player observations) were analysed by coding the player’s physical-tactical actions through synchronising tracking data and video....

The present study aimed to contextualise physical metrics with tactical actions according to general and specialised tactical roles. A total of 244 English Premier League players were analysed by coding player’s physical-tactical actions via the fusion of tracking data and video. Data were analysed across 5 general (Central Defensive Players = CDP,...

The present study aimed to determine the physical-tactical trends of elite players/teams during peak 1-, 3- and 5-min periods of match-play. A total of 50 English Premier League matches (n = 583 player observations) were analysed by coding the players’ physical-tactical activities through the synchronisation of tracking data and video. The contextu...

Purpose The current study examined the reliability of a novel Gaelic football match simulation protocol (GFSP) that simulates the match-specific activity demands of elite Gaelic football match-play. Methods After familiarisation, 16 male Gaelic footballers performed the GFSP on two occasions, 7–10 days apart to determine the reliability of a range...

PurposeTo examine the association between the metabolic power paradigm during training and match-play and objective aerobic fitness measures within elite Gaelic football players.Methods Twenty-five elite Gaelic football players completed objective physiological testing for VO2max, vVO2max, Peak treadmill Velocity (PTV), Running economy (RE) and sel...

Background: Previous research has reported that elite Gaelic football players' carbohydrate (CHO) intakes are sub-optimal, especially, in the lead up to competitive matches. Despite clear decrements in running performance across elite Gaelic football matches, there are no studies that have investigated nutrition interventions on match-related Gael...

The current investigation quantified the training and match-play load of elite Gaelic football players across a two-season period using global positioning system technology (GPS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and sessional rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Total weekly workload variables were collected across GPS, RPE, and sRPE across thir...

The aim of this study was to update the metabolic power (MP) algorithm (PVO2), W·kg−1) related to the kinematics data (PGPS, W·kg−1) in a soccer-specific performance model. For this aim, seventeen professional (Series A-League) male soccer players (VO2max 55.7 ± 3.4 mL∙min−1∙kg−1) performed a 6-min run at 10.29 km·h−1 to determine linear-running en...

The aim of this study was to compare kinematics parameters among official matches and SSGs of an italian premier league soccer team. Eighteen elite professional male soccer players (4 central defenders, 4 wide defenders, 3 central midfielders, 3 box-to-box midfielders, 2 wingers and 2 strikers) took part in the study. Players were monitored during...

Background: The current investigation examined the association between external training load variables and injury risk within elite Gaelic football. Methods: Workload and injury variables were collected from thirty-seven elite Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD age of 24.2 ± 2.9 yr) from one elite squad across a two-season observational period. Exte...

The ergogenic effect of caffeine is well established, although no investigations providing a high carbohydrate feeding strategy (pre-exercise meal=2 g/kg BM) co-ingested with caffeine exist for soccer. This investigation examines the effect of caffeine in addition to a pre-exercise carbohydrate meal and drink mid-way through a soccer simulation. Ei...

We hypothesised that probiotic supplementation (PRO) increases the absorption and oxidation of orally ingested maltodextrin during 2h endurance cycling, thereby sparing muscle glycogen for a subsequent time trial (simulating a road race). Measurements were made of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation, plasma metabolites and insulin, gastrointestinal pe...

The lack of standardisation of methods and procedures have hindered agreement in the literature related to time-of-day effects on repeated sprint performance and needs clarification. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day based on performance measures in repeated-spr...

There has been an increase in the number of publications related to time-of-day variation on repeated sprint performance, the exact mechanisms related to this observed diurnal variation in human performance are still, yet, unknown (Pullinger et al. 2014). In addition, the large differences between exercise protocols currently present in the current...

Purpose To evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, circulatory markers of GI permeability, damage, and markers of immune response during a marathon race. Methods Twenty-four recreational runners were randomly assigned to either supplement with a probiotic (PRO) capsule [25 billion CFU Lactobacillus acid...

Background In vitro and animal studies suggest probiotic supplementation can enhance intestinal absorption and whole body oxidation rates of glucose. Objective This study investigated the effects of multi‐strain probiotics supplementation on substrate utilization, markers of gastrointestinal permeability and damage and subjective symptoms of disco...

There is currently a lack of research into the energy demands and associated nutritional intakes of elite Gaelic football players during the pre-season period, which is a crucial time of year for physical development. The aim of the current study was to investigate the dietary intake and energy expenditure (EE) of elite Gaelic football players duri...

Purpose:Investigate football-induced fatigue during hypoxia on RS and perceptual-cognitive skills. Methods: Ten semi-professional footballers underwent a control session (0-m) to quantify RS in a non-fatigued state; and three hypoxia sessions (0-m;1500-m;3000-m) examining RS and perceptual-cognitive skills for a given physical workload. The mean n...

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age-related carbohydrate oxidation and glucose utilisation rate response during exercise at the same relative intensity under hyperglycaemia in aged and young males. Methods 16 endurance-trained aged (n = 8; 69.1 ± 5.2 year) and young (n = 8; 22.4 ± 2.9 year) males were studied during...

The present study investigated whether increasing morning rectal temperatures (Trec) to evening levels, or increasing morning and evening Trec to an “optimal” level (38.5°C), resulting in increased muscle temperatures (Tm), would offset diurnal variation in repeated sprint (RS) performance in a causal manner. Twelve trained males underwent five ses...

The present study investigated whether increasing morning rectal temperatures (Trec) to resting evening levels, or decreasing evening Trec or muscle (Tm) temperatures to morning values, would influence repeated sprint (RS) performance in a causal manner. Twelve trained males underwent five sessions [age (mean ± SD) 21.8 ± 2.6 yr, peak oxygen uptake...

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate potential moderators (i.e. lower body strength, repeated-sprint ability [RSA] and maximal velocity) of injury risk within a team-sport cohort. Design Observational Cohort Study. Methods Forty male amateur hurling players (age: 26.2 ± 4.4 yr, height: 184.2 ± 7.1 cm, mass: 82.6 ± 4.7 kg) were recr...

Purpose: To examine the dose-response effects of acute glutamine supplementation on markers of gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, damage and, secondary, subjective symptoms of GI discomfort in response to running in the heat. Methods: Ten recreationally active males completed a total of four exercise trials; a placebo trial and three glutamine...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval running on markers of gastrointestinal (GI) damage and permeability alongside subjective symptoms of GI discomfort. Eleven male runners completed an acute bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (eighteen 400-m runs at 120% maximal oxygen uptake) where marke...

The current study describes the global work-rate of elite hurling match-play and the influence which positional difference has on work-rate is considered. The movement of ninety-four players was recorded using GPS, sampling at 4Hz in a total of 12 games. Data were classified according to the positional line on the field and period of the match. The...

The current study examined the extent to which pitch dimensions can influence the physical and estimated energetic demands of hurling small-sided games. Training data (n = 990) were collected from 24 (age 25.5 ± 3.2 years; height 178.9 ± 3.2 cm; body mass 78.5 ± 4.5 kg) hurling players using 4-Hz global positioning system technology (VX Sport, Lowe...

The current study aimed to assess the relationship between the hurling player’s fitness profile and integrated training load (TL) metrics. Twenty-five hurling players performed treadmill testing for VO2max, the speed at blood lactate concentrations of 2 mmol•L-1 (vLT) and 4 mmol•L-1 (vOBLA) and the heart rate-blood lactate profile for calculation o...

Objectives: To examine the relationship between chronic training loads, number of exposures to maximal velocity, the distance covered at maximal velocity, percentage of maximal velocity in training and match-play and subsequent injury risk in elite Gaelic footballers. Design: Prospective cohort design. Methods: Thirty-seven elite Gaelic footba...

Purpose To examine the association between combined session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) workload measures and injury risk in elite Gaelic footballers. Methods Thirty-seven elite Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD age 24.2 ± 2.9 y) from 1 elite squad were involved in a single-season study. Weekly workload (session RPE multiplied by duration) and...

Background: Metabolic power has not yet been investigated within elite Gaelic football. The aim of the current investigation was to compare the metabolic power demands between positional groups and examine the temporal profile of elite Gaelic football match play. Methods: Global positional satellite system (GPS) data were collected from 50 elite...

There is currently limited information available on match running performance in Gaelic football. The objective of the current study was to report on the match running profile of elite male Gaelic football and assess positional running performance. In this observational study 50 elite male Gaelic football players wore 4-Hz GPS units (VXsports, New...

The study assessed the relationship between hurling player’s fitness profile and a method of integrating training load (TL). Twenty-five hurling players performed VO2max and lactate threshold (LT) testing followed by a hurling intermittent simulation protocol. Written informed consent was obtained by each subject and ethical approval was granted by...

Repeated sprint ability (RSA) is characterised by short-duration high-intensity exercise bouts interspersed with brief recovery periods. During RSA, a proportion of the purine and pyrimidine nucleotide pool is rapidly degraded and exits the muscle potentially compromising performance. Nucleotide loss may be ameliorated either via the purine salvage...

Introduction: The range of factors which effect performance during hurling match-play creates a challenge for a research scientist to identify the effectiveness of a training intervention or ergogenic aid. The aim of the current study was to determine the reliability of an intermittent multidirectional hurling simulation protocol. Methods: Twenty s...

Introduction: Small-sided games (SSG) enable coaches replicate tactical and technical skill production in game type situations. The aim of the current study was to identify the impact of SSG pitch dimension on the external and internal load placed on hurling players. Methods: Twenty-four male hurling players were monitored during training games us...

The work rate and metabolic power of elite Gaelic football 1, 2* Shane Malone 2 Kieran Collins 1Dominic Doran 1Allistair McRobert 1. RISES, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. 2. Gaelic Sport Research Centre, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland Introduction: Gaelic football is...

Purpose: To monitor resting salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in international soccer players during the short-term training period that precedes international match play. Methods: In a repeated-measure design, saliva samples were obtained from 13 outfield soccer players who participated in the training camps preceding 7 games (5...

The validity and reliability of global positioning systems sampling at 1-, 5-, 10-and 15 Hz has been established with decreases in reliability with increased movement speed over a short distance (Johnston et al., 2014). A 4 Hz system have not been researched for accuracy and reliability. Addition to the field The movement metrics provided by 4Hz sy...

In active males, muscle force production and short-term (<6 s) anaerobic performance are significantly greater in the evening compared with the morning. This diurnal variation is attributed to motivational, peripheral and central factors, and possibly the higher core and muscle temperatures observed in the evening. However, little is known regardin...

Aim: To determine the effects of a pre-exercise meal on simulated duathlon time-trial performance. Methods: Nine well trained male participants (age 28.6 ± 5.9 yrs, body mass 77.4 ± 8.2 kg, height 1.81 ± 0.1 m, running V ̇O2peak 4.8 ± 0.5 l.min-1 and cycling V ̇O2peak 4.3±0.6 l.min-1) performed simulated duathlon time trials following three pre-exe...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and adipose tissue percentage estimates (AT%) derived from regression based skinfold equations were compared. 35 Gaelic games players [20.9±1.7 years; 78.1±8.6 kg; 179.5±5.7 cm] underwent whole body fan beam DXA scans following a standardised protocol and assessment of skinfold thickness at 8 sites. Adipose ti...

Aim: To determine the effects of a pre-exercise meal on simulated duathlon time-trial performance. Methods: Nine well trained male participants (age 28.6±5.9 yrs, body mass 77.4±8.2 kg, height 1.81±0.7 m, running VO2peak 4.8±0.5 l·min-1 and cycling VO2peak 4.3±0.6 l·min-1) performed simulated duathlon time trials following three pre-exercise dietar...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI, via its associated reductions in skeletal muscle blood flow) attenuates muscle glycogen resynthesis during short-term recovery from exhaustive exercise. Methods: In a repeated-measures design, nine recreationally active men performed an exhaust...

Pre-exercise meals containing carbohydrates (CHO) are recommended to athletes, although there is evidence to suggest that a high fat meal prior to exercise increases utilisation of fats yet may not adversely affect performance. This study investigated the effect of a high fat and high CHO pre-exercise meal prior to high intensity intermittent exerc...

The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the technical requirements of different tracks where classifying points are disputed for the Olympics as the European continent tracks (E), world championship competitions tracks (W), and Olympic Games track -Beijing, 2008-(O); and 2) to compare and estab-lish differences or similarities between the...

Pre-exercise meals or single foods containing low glycaemic index (LGI) carbohydrates (CHO) have been shown to enhance performance prior to prolonged steady state exercise compared to high glycaemic index (HGI) CHO. This study investigated the impact of HGI and LGI pre-exercise meals on intermittent high intensity exercise. Nine male recreational f...

The purpose of this study was to establish if provision of CHO altered the mucosal immune and salivary cortisol responses to intermittent exercise in the heat. In a double-blind design, 10 males undertook soccer-specific intermittent exercise on a motorized treadmill on 2 occasions, each over 90 min and separated by 1 week. During CHO and placebo t...

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of four different meals on fat and CHO metabolism during subsequent exercise in elderly males. Eight healthy males (age: 63.3 ± 5.2 years) reported to the physiology laboratory on four separate occasions, each of which was allocated for the performance of a 30-minute exercise on a cycle ergo...

Approximately 10 of employees undertake night work, which is a significant predictor of weight gain, possibly because responses to activity and eating are altered at night. It is known that the appetite-related hormone, acylated ghrelin, is suppressed after an acute bout of exercise during the day, but no researcher has explored whether evening exe...

Despite the participant and spectator appeal, research into the practice of hurling has lagged considerably behind that of other field games. The physiological demand of hurling has been hypothesised to resemble Gaelic football. The aim of the present study was to determine the work rate and physiological stress imposed during elite level competiti...

We appreciate the letter from Dr. Kay. We agree it is important to report the statistic appropriate to the inference one wants to make. In fact, two guidelines reinforce this notion: Guideline 5. Report variability using a standard deviation. Guideline 6. Report uncertainty about scientific importance using a confidence interval. But we disagree wi...

Lipodystrophy (LD) is a common adverse effect of HIV treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy, which comprises morphological and metabolic changes. The underlying mechanisms for LD are thought to be due to mitochondrial toxicity and insulin resistance, which results from derangements in levels of adipose tissue-derived proteins (adipocyt...

The present study represents a preliminary investigation designed to identify common misconceptions in students' understanding of physiological and biochemical topics within the academic domain of sport and exercise sciences. A specifically designed misconception inventory (consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions) was administered to a cohort of...

A high-impact exercise and a lifestyle intervention were implemented over a 9-week period; changes in bone and body composition were compared to controls. Sixty-one children volunteered from three randomly selected schools. Each school was randomly assigned to either a structured exercise (STEX) intervention, a lifestyle intervention (PASS) or cont...

Failure to recover fully between sessions has been suggested to cause immunodepression. Therefore, the cumulative effects of soccer-specific intermittent exercise undertaken on different days 48 h apart on salivary IgA, cortisol and total protein concentration were investigated. Nine male subjects completed two trials of soccer-specific intermitten...

Advancing age is associated with changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The effects of exercise intensity and duration on fat and CHO metabolism in elderly male subjects were investigated in the present study. Seven trained (63.7 ± 4.7 years) and six untrained (63...

Athletes frequently train with a short time recovery between sessions. The present aim was to establish how salivary IgA is altered following two soccer-specific intermittent exercise bouts performed on the same day. Ten males participated in two experimental trials (single session, double session) 1 week apart, in a counterbalanced design. One tri...

Current evidence would support a view that intense exercise increases whereas moderate exercise reduces the susceptibility to illness, predominately upper respiratory tract infections. Concentrations of IgA and cortisol in saliva may be used to reflect changes in immune function. The aim of this study was to determine if the type of exercise (socce...

Exercise involving lengthening muscle actions, such as downhill running, results in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which may be attributable to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although exercise causes oxidative stress, any link between ROS and DOMS remains speculative. There is emerging evidence to suggest that ROS play an important physiolog...

Introduction: Duathlon is a multi-sport event that has received little attention in terms of dietary intervention studies but presents an ideal form of exercise in which the development of appropriate nutritional strategies might benefit performance. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of high carbohydrate and high fat meals on the metaboli...

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs after unaccustomed exercise and has been suggested to be attributable to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies have shown increased ROS after lengthening contractions, attributable to invading phagocytes. Plasma glucose is a vital fuel for phagocytes, therefore carbohydrate (CHO) status before e...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological, metabolic and performance responses to duathlon performance under a range of ambient temperatures. Ten male recreational athletes performed three self-paced duathlon time trials consisting of a 5 km run (R1), a 30 km cycle and a 5 km run (R2) at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C and...

Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations become elevated following a low carbohydrate diet as well as exercise which elicits significant rises is core temperature. The effect of pre-exercise dietary manipulation on PRL responses to exercise, which significantly elevates core temperature, has not been scrutinised. Nine male subjects of mean (SD) age 28....

There is growing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the muscular damage and soreness that is observed following strenuous or unaccustomed exercise. This study investigated the relationship between delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle function and ROS following downhill running using electron spin resonance (ESR) spe...

Carbohydrate intake prior to exercise has been shown to be beneficial, although recently the intake of lipids has also proved advantageous. The effect of high carbohydrate (CHO) and high fat (LCHO) isoenergetic pre-exercise meals on the metabolic responses to duathlon performance were investigated. Nine male subjects of mean age 28.6±5.9 yrs, body...