Domenico Iannelli

• University of Naples Federico II

Gut microbiota regulates essential processes of host metabolism and physiology: synthesis of vitamins, digestion of foods non-digestible by the host (such as fibers), and—most important—protects the digestive tract from pathogens. In this study, we focus on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which is extensively used to correct multiple diseases, includin...

Studies carried out in the last ten years have shown that the metabolites made up from the gut microbiota are essential for multiple functions, such as the correct development of the immune system of newborns, interception of pathogens, and nutritional enrichment of the diet. Therefore, it is not surprising that alteration of the gut microbiota is...

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) include leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mammalians cannot synthesize these amino acids de novo and must acquire them through their diet. High levels of BCAAs are associated with insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and non-metabolic diseases, including several forms of cancer. BCAAs—in particular leucine...

Epigenetics regulates gene expression, cell type development during differentiation, and the cell response to environmental stimuli. To survive, bacteria need to evade the host immune response. Bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori (Hp), reach this target epigenetically, altering the chromatin of the host cells, in addition to several more approa...

Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) represents one of the major causes of foodborne diseases, which are made worse by the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, NTS are a significant and common public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether selection for phage-resistance alters bacterial phenotype, making this app...

Epigenetic marks the genome by DNA methylation, histone modification or non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic marks instruct cells to respond reversibly to environmental cues and keep the specific gene expression stable throughout life. In this review, we concentrate on DNA methylation, the mechanism often associated with transgenerational persistence and fo...

This narrative review discusses the genetics of protection against Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. After a brief overview of the importance of studying infectious disease genes, we provide a detailed account of the properties of Hp, with a view to those relevant for our topic. Hp displays a very high level of genetic diversity, detectable even...

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the human stomach. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of intracellular human gastric carcinoma cells (MKN-28) incubated with the Hp cell filtrate (Hpcf) displays high levels of amino acids, including the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Polymer...

The Toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily includes the genes interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), Toll like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary-response 88 (MyD88), and MyD88 adaptor-like (TIRAP). This study describes the interaction between MyD88, TIRAP and IL1RL1 against Helicobacter pylori infection. Cases and controls were ge...

Background The study describes the Salmonella Rissen phage ϕ1 isolated from the ϕ1-sensitive Salmonella Rissen strain RW. The same phage was then used to select the resistant strain RRϕ1+, which can harbour or not ϕ1. Results Following this approach, we found that ϕ1, upon excision from RW cells with mitomycin, behaves as a temperate phage: lyses...

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

There is epidemiological evidence that H. pylori might predispose to Alzheimer’s disease. To understand the cellular processes potentially linking such unrelated events, we incubated the human gastric cells MNK-28 with the H. pylori peptide Hp(2-20). We then monitored the activated genes by global gene expression. The peptide modulated 77 genes, of...

The genes MyD88 and TIRAP encode the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TIRAP. TIRAP activates the MyD88-dependent pathway, which in turn controls the immune response (innate and adaptive) to H. pylori. We looked for an association of MyD88 and TIRAP with H. pylori infection. Cases and controls were genotyped at the polymorphic sites MyD88 rs6853 and TIRAP...

Toll-like receptors recognize several components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of tuberculosis. The signaling pathways leading to activation of the immune response require the MyD88 and TIRAP genes. The hypothesis that polymorphic variants of these genes influenced resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis was tested by a case-...

The study demonstrates that in cattle, animals heterozygous at the MyD88 A625C polymorphic marker have a 5-fold reduced risk for active pulmonary tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19; P = 6 × 10−12). The reduced risk, however, does not extend to animals with latent pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 0.83; P = 0.40). Heterozygosity at the A625C single nuc...

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of mice vaccinated with A170PG (3 µg/mouse) by the aerosol, intramuscular or intravenous routes. Vaccinated and control mice were challenged with 108 CFU/mouse. (TIF)

Molecular characterization of S. aureus strains. (DOC)

Broad protective activity of the A170PG vaccine. (DOC)

Aerosol administration of A170PG eradicates S. aureus systemic infection. (DOC)

Cross-reaction of PG preparations from L. monocytogenes (A), S. epidermidis (B) and S. aureus (C). Conditions of the ELISA assay 1.5 µg PG preparation in 50 µl/well; serum from mice immunized with A170PG diluted 10−3: 50 µl/well; rat anti mouse IgG diluted 10−3: 50 µl/well. (TIF)

Staphylococcus aureus, in spite of antibiotics, is still a major human pathogen causing a wide range of infections. The present study describes the new vaccine A170PG, a peptidoglycan-based vaccine. In a mouse model of infection, A170PG protects mice against a lethal dose of S. aureus. Protection lasts at least 40 weeks and correlates with increase...

Antistaphylococcal activity of the novel chimeric endolysin PRF-119 was evaluated with the microdilution method. The MIC50 and MIC90 of 398 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 0.098 μg/ml and 0.391 μg/ml, respectively (range, 0.024 to 0.780 μg/ml). Both the MIC50 and MIC90 values of 776 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolat...

In the presence of a bacteriophage (a bacteria-attacking virus) resistance is clearly beneficial to the bacteria. As expected in such conditions, resistant bacteria emerge rapidly. However, in the absence of the phage, resistant bacteria often display reduced fitness, compared to their sensitive counterparts. The present study explored the fitness...

Temporins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by the granular glands of the European red frog (Rana temporaria). They are 10-14 amino acid long polypeptides active prevalently against gram positive bacteria. This study shows that a synthetic temporin B analogue (TB-YK), acquires the capacity to act in synergism with temporin A and to exert antimicr...

Patients (305 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis) and controls (290 household genetically unrelated contacts) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for polymorphisms in the intron 15 and the 5' untranslated region of the gene coding for the a3 isoform of the human ATPase gene. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was based on chest radiog...

Electrophoretic analysis of 794 individual samples of water buffalo hemoglobin shows the presence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB. Phenotype AA has only the fast hemoglobin (Hb-fast). Phenotype AB and BB have the fast as well as the slow hemoglobin (Hb-slow). The quantitative ratio Hb-fast: Hb-slow is approximately 68:32 in BB and 84:16 in AB. S...

When rabbit serum labelled with vitamin B12[57Co] was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and au;oradiography, three phenotypes of proteins capable of binding vitamin B12 were observed. Family data revealed that these phenotypes (called TC-A, TC-AB and TC-B) are controlied by two codominant alleles (TCA and TCB), at an autosomic locus. Proteins...

To ascertain whether in Brucella abortus-infected water buffalo herds, the number of newly infected animals could be reduced by culling superspreaders (the animals secreting > or =10(4) CFU per ml of milk). The number of B. abortus present in the milk (CFU per ml) from 500 water buffaloes was measured by the culture. Each animal was tested three ti...

A case-control study established that the haplotype pair HYA/HYA at the MBL (mannose binding lectin) locus of water buffalo is associated with resistance to Brucella abortus infection (P < 10(-7)) and the haplotype pairs LYD/LYD with susceptibility to the same pathogen (P < 10(-7)). The subjects included in the present study were tested twice-at a...

The 3' untranslated region of the water buffalo Nramp1 (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) gene contains two alleles (Nramp1A and Nramp1B), as detected by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The Nramp1BB genotype is associated with resistance of water buffalo to the intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus....

The present study describes a bacteriophage (MSa) active against Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains. When inoculated into mice simultaneously with S. aureus A170 (108 CFU/mouse), phage (109 PFU) rescued 97% of the mice; when applied to nonlethal (5 × 106 CFU/mouse) 10-day infections, the phage also fully c...

We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortus antibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1 genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3′ untranslated region of the Nramp1 gene....

Seiridin (SE), one of the main phytotoxins produced in vitro by Seiridium species pathogenic to cypress, was oxidized and the corresponding ketone derivative covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The conjugate (SE-BSA) was used to prepare an antiserum to SE. The antibodies were absorbed with BSA and their specificity was assayed by ELISA...

A bacteriophage lytic for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from bovine manure. Following in-vivo selection, the phage acquired the capacity to persist in the circulatory system of mice for at least 38 days. When mice were infected experimentally with E. coli O157:H7 (10(7) CFU/mouse), simultaneous injection of the mice with phage (10(8) PFU/mo...

Brucellosis is a costly disease of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Latent infections and prolonged incubation of the pathogen limit the efficacy of programs based on the eradication of infected animals. We exploited genetic selection for disease resistance as an approach to the control of water buffalo brucellosis. We tested 231 water buffalo co...

Celiac disease is a widely prevalent enteropathy caused by intolerance to gliadin, one of the gluten proteins. We developed two methods for the analysis of gliadin levels. Both methods use flow cytometry and rat antibodies against a 16-residue peptide of gliadin. The peptide is common to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and omega-gliadins. In the one-sit...

A 7-bp deletion in the Cd4 gene, present in the strain MOLF/Ei of Mus musculus molossinus and absent in laboratory mouse strains ( Mus musculus musculus), provided the means to distinguish the parental origin of the Cd4 alleles expressed in single cells of F1 (AKR x MOLF/Ei) and F1 (Balb/C x MOLF/Ei) hybrids. Single-cell RT-PCR showed that the indi...

Immunoselection and flow cytometry allowed the isolation from Streptococcus thermophilus strain Str31 of double mutants displaying resistance to the phage phi31 and good acid production. Strain Str31 is very sensitive to phage phi31. This phage-host system seemed therefore particularly suitable to test the validity of the selection method adopted i...

Phage-resistant mutants have been isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus. Selection was carried out using anti-phage antibodies or Hoechst 33258-labelled phages. Two mutants out of eight tested displayed reduced acidifying capacity. Selection of the bacteria that extruded more rapidly the fluorochrome 5-6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) resto...

An identification and characterization study of different Aglianico genotypes (A. del Vulture, A. di Taurasi, A. Amaro, Aglianico di Napoli, A. di Galluccio) was carried out. The main purpose of this study was to identify leaf ampelometric and ampelographic features that can make procedures easier and results more effective and to measure the nucle...

Seventeen genotypes of lemon were characterized using genome size and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genome size was measured by flow cytometry CFC). Eight genotypes displayed a characteristic DNA content. The remaining nine genotypes required the combined use of FC and RAPD for identification. The DNA content of the genotypes var...

Two flow cytometric assays are described herein. The single cytometric test (SCT) detects antibodies to either Brucella abortus or Staphylococcus aureus in the serum or milk of a cow or water buffalo. The double cytometric test (DCT) detects both anti-B. abortus and anti-S. aureus antibodies concurrently. In the SCT, the sample to be tested is incu...

The nuclear DNA content of seven mouse laboratory strains has been measured by flow cytometry. The differences observed between strains as well as those between sexes within the strain were all statistically significant. The highest DNA content (approximately 6.4 pg/female nucleus) was found in the Balb/c strain; the lowest (approximately 5.7 pg/ma...

The simultaneous detection is described of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) by flow cytometry. Extracts from leaves of healthy and CMV or PVY infected plants were incubated with latex particles, each with a diameter of 3 microm. Extracts from ToMV infected or uninfected plants, however, were incubated...

This study describes a method for the detection of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by flow cytometry. Extracts from leaves of healthy and virus-infected plants were incubated with latex particles, washed, and then incubated in succession with rabbit anti-CMV antibodies and anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibodies labeled with fluorescein. Adsorption of CM...

An assay has been developed to detect antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus in water buffalo milk by flow cytometry. The method was the protein A-deficient strain Wood 46 of S aureus incubated with milk samples and fluorescein-labelled rabbit anti-water buffalo antiserum. The assay can detect antibodies when the pathogen is not detectable by bacteria...

The immunological tolerance technique was used to produce antisera able to differentiate between two formae speciales (lycopersici and dianthi) of Fusarium oxysporum. Induction of tolerance was obtained in C57BL/6 mice that at birth received soluble mycelial extract through lactation. Offspring of mothers injected intravenously within 12 h after de...

A procedure is described for the selection of mouse Lyt2- mutant cells. The procedure is based upon repeated cycles of selection with rat monoclonal antibodies to the Lyt2 antigen and magnetic particles coated with goat anti-mouse IgG. Stable Lyt2- mutant clones were derived from cells previously mutagenized with X rays and, at a lower frequency, a...

Monoclonal antibodies specific for an allotypic marker of goat IgG2 were used to select goat-mouse hybrid cells secreting goat IgG2. Four of these hybrid cell clones continued to synthesize goat IgG2 (5-15 micrograms/ml) for over eight months. They will be used to study goat IgG gene regulation.

Five allotypic determinants controlled by independent genes have been identified in goat. Of these determinants, four have been detected with alloimmune antisera and one with monoclonal antibodies. The specificities A1, C1 and D1 are lipoproteins; B1 is possibly an alpha 2 macroglobulin and E1 and IgG2. The specificity B1 is not expressed until the...

A monoclonal antibody against goat immunoglobulins recognizes an allotypic determinant (A1) which is common to goat, sheep, cattle and water buffalo. The frequency of the corresponding gene (A') is about the same in all four species, indicating the existence of a polymorphism that remained stable over a period of about 18-20 million years.

In order to standardize a radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone as a routine method for confirmation of oestrus and diagnosis of pregnancy in water buffalo, monoclonal antibodies against progesterone were produced. Hybridomas were prepared by fusing spleen cells from a Balb/c mouse immunized with progesterone 11 alpha-hemisuccinate-bovine serum alb...

An allotypic specificity (A1) of sheep serum is described. The antigenic determinant is located on the Fc region of a new IgG subclass (IgG3). A1 is not expressed in the serum during the first months of age, even if IgG3 molecules are present at birth. In addition to sheep A1, is also detected in cattle and water buffalo, but not in goat.

Four formae speciales of F. oxysporum (dianthi, melonis, pisi, lycopersici) and three physiological races (1, 2, 3) of F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis have been differentiated using specific antisera and the techniques of double diffusion and radio double diffusion in agar. Three isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi race 2 and 10 of f.sp. lycopersici...

Four formae speciales of F, oxysporum (dianthi, melonis, pisi, lycopersici) and three physiological races (1, 2, 3) of F. oxysporum f.sp. melonis have been differentiated using specific antisera and the techniques of double diffusion and radio double diffusion in agar. Three isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi race 2 and 10 of f.sp. lycopersici...

The paper describes a rhesus monkey serum antigen (D1) which is controlled by a dominant gene (D1), independent from those controlling A1, B1 and C1, which are three low-density lipoprotein markers.

Two water buffalo allotypes (B1 and C1) are described, which are located on distinct low molecular weight molecules. B1 is common to water buffalo and cattle. These two markers are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by two independent genes.

By starch gel electrophoresis and autoradiography two classes of vitamin B12 binding proteins were detected in rabbit serum. By analogy to the nomenclature used in man, the two classes of proteins were named "transcobalamin I" (TCI) and "transcobalamin II" (TCII). Fifteen TCII phenotypes were observed, and family data indicated that they are contro...

Three rhesus monkey allotypes are described, which are located on distinct low density lipoprotein molecules. These three markers have been detected using double immunodiffusion in agar. They are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by three independent genes.

The paper describes a cattle serum antigen (McB1) which is controlled by a dominant gene (McB1), independent from those controlling the two macroglobulin markers McA1 and McA2 as well as from that controlling the low-density lipoprotein marker Ld1A1. McB1 is located on a high-molecular-weight serum protein which, very likely, is an alpha2-macroglob...

Three rhesus monkey allotypes are described, which are located on distinct low density lipoprotein molecules. These three markers have been detected using double immunodiffusion in agar. They are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by three independent genes.Copyright © 1979 S. Karger AG, Basel

McA1 and McA2 are two cattle allotypic specificities carried on high molecular weight glycoproteins and controlled by allelic genes. Results derived from two independent experimental approaches (digestion of McA1 and McA2 antigen preparations with specific glycosidases and inhibition tests of anti McA1 and anti McA2 with simple sugars) showed that...

An allotypic specificity (A1) of sheep serum is described. The antigenic determinant is located on a low molecular weight glycoprotein which has its isoelectric point at pH 5 and is capable of interacting with the lectin concanavalin A. Family studies showed that the allotype is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner.

The paper describes a cattle serum antigen (McA2) located on a macroglobulin molecule which has its isoelectric point at pH 5 and is capable of interacting with the wheat germ lectin and concanavalin A. The specificity is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and the gene controlling its synthesis is allelic to the one controlling the synthesis of...

This paper describes two allotypes of water buffalo controlled by two codominant allelic genes. The third allele is a null allele and behaves as a recessive one. The two detectable serum antigens are termed A1 and A2 and the third one (as yet undetectable) A0. The A1 antigen was recovered in the third peak and A2 antigen in the first peak following...

When rabbit serum labelled with vitamin B12[57Co] was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, three phenotypes of proteins capable of binding vitamin B12 were observed. Family data revealed that these phenotypes (called TC-A, TC-AB and TC-B) are controlled by two codominant alleles (TCA and TCB), at an autosomic locus.

Cattle and water buffalo sera labelled with vitamin D3[14C] (300 and 480 individual samples respectively) were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography in an attempt to identify a possible polymorphism of the proteins capable of binding this vitamin. Three phenotypes controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles were ide...

The paper describes a cattle serum antigen (LdlA1) located on a low-density lipoprotein and detected by single radial diffusion. The specificity is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and the gene controlling its synthesis is inherited independently from the one controlling the synthesis of the α2 macroglobulin McA1 antigen.

Single radial diffusion combined with the Rose Bengal test permitted rapid identification of all of the Brucella abortus-infected cattle in a study group of 689 animals.

In water buffalo, two paternal half-sibs have been identified which, when used as recipients, produced antibodies of the same specificity as those they stimulated when used as donors. The apparent serologic paradox is presumably due to an antigenic determinant located beneath the surface of erythrocytes.

Riassunto È descritto il polimorfismo delle albumine e delle transferrine nel bufalo allevato in Italia. Le tre varianti (AlbA, AlbAB, AlbB) dell'albumina sono controllate dai geni codominanti AlbA ed AlbB e le tre varianti (TfD, TfDE, TfE) delle transferrine dai due alleli dominanti TfD e TfE.

Riassunto È descritto un antigene identificato nel siero dei bovini mediante microimmunodiffusione. I dati familiari mostrano che esso è sotto controllo genetico. L'antisiero è stato ottenuto mediante isoimmunizzazione con pool di siero bovino diluito 1:1 con soluzione tampone ed emulsionato con un egual volume di adiuvante completo tipo Freund.