Dirk W Lachenmeier

Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe | CVUA · Plant-based foods

A comparative risk assessment of drugs including alcohol and tobacco using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was conducted. The MOE is defined as ratio between toxicological threshold (benchmark dose) and estimated human intake. Median lethal dose values from animal experiments were used to derive the benchmark dose. The human intake was calcul...

Background Societies tend to accept much higher risks for voluntary behaviours, those based on individual decisions (for example, to smoke, to consume alcohol, or to ski), than for involuntary exposure such as exposure to risks in soil, drinking water or air. In high-income societies, an acceptable risk to those voluntarily engaging in a risky beha...

Background Given the association between alcohol consumption and negative health consequences, there is a need for individuals to be aware of their consumption of ethanol, which requires knowledge of serving sizes and alcoholic strength. This study is one of the first to systematically investigate the ability to discriminate alcoholic strength by t...

In addition to being produced in ethanol metabolism, acetaldehyde occurs naturally in alcoholic beverages. Limited epidemiological evidence points to acetaldehyde as an independent risk factor for cancer during alcohol consumption, in addition to the effects of ethanol. This study aims to estimate human exposure to acetaldehyde from alcoholic bever...

Thirteen samples of authentic absinthe dating from the preban era (i.e., prior to 1915) were analyzed for parameters that were hypothesized as contributing to the toxicity of the spirit, including naturally occurring herbal essences (thujone, pinocamphone, fenchone), methanol, higher alcohols, copper, and antimony. The total thujone content of preb...

Abstract is copyrighted at Elsevier. For abstract, see: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13966-6.00016-6

Das kürzlich in Kraft getretene Konsumcannabisgesetz (KCanG) vom 27. März 2024 stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Drogenpolitik dar. Es erlaubt Erwachsenen den Besitz begrenzter Mengen Cannabis sowie dessen Anbau in Anbauvereinigungen. Diese Liberalisierung bringt neue Herausforderungen für zuständige Kontrolllabore mit sich, insbesondere hinsic...

Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone found in a variety of mint species. It has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In previous studies, pulegone in food was analyzed exclusively via GC-MS, while 1H NMR methods were limited to essential oils. The aim of this study was...

In March, 2024, an Advisory Group of 28 independent scientists from 22 countries met in Lyon, France to recommend priorities for carcinogenicity evaluations by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs programme during 2025–29. IARC periodically convenes such advisory groups to ensure that the agents evaluated in the Monogra...

Food products are composed of a complex mixture of natural substances that may be added on intention or developed during the production process. Coumarin is a naturally occurring substance that possesses aromatic and fragrant characteristics and can be found all over the plant kingdom. Different studies have demonstrated chronic toxic effects, part...

In submitting conference proceedings to Proceedings, the Volume Editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the Volume Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal.

Lebensmittel mit Zusatz von Cannabidiol (CBD) oder Zusatz von cannabidiolhaltigen Hanfextrakten werden als zulassungspflichtige neuartige Lebensmittel (Novel Food) eingestuft. Diese Einstufung ist mittlerweile durch zahlreiche gerichtliche Entscheidungen gut belegt. Insbesondere CBD-Öle wurden in einer Reihe von Verfahren als nicht verkehrsfähige L...

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic main component of the Cannabis plant, has been approved as a drug in the European Union (EU) under the name “Epidyolex”. However, its approval process as a food ingredient under the Novel Food Regulation was paused by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) due to a lack of safety data. Nevertheless, there is...

Research is limited on consumers’ ability to detect perceptible sensory differences between low- and high-strength alcoholic beverages. This study, therefore, conducted three pilot experiments using ISO sensory analysis methods to assess accuracy for evaluating beverages of different strengths. Participants were food production professionals traine...

This study presents a new risk assessment of pulegone, a substance classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The analysis used data from a two-year carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in 2011. Because of the absence...

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products are widely marketed as over the counter products. Adverse effects reported in anecdotal consumer reports or during clinical studies were first assumed to be due to acid-catalysed cyclization of CBD to psychotropic Δ ⁹ -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ ⁹ -THC) in the stomach after oral consumption. However, research of p...

Abstract copyrighted. Abstract and fulltext available at https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1jlsQ1M5UCnvQN

Climate change poses significant threats to coffee supply chains, highlighting the crucial role of coffee genetic resources in enhancing resilience and improving the livelihoods of coffee farmers. Increasing climate change effects are intensifying pressure to develop new high-performance resilient varieties. Current cultivated coffee species includ...

Isoeugenol (2-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol) wurde von der International Agency forResearch on Cancer als möglicherweise krebserregende Substanz für den Menschen (Gruppe 2B) eingestuft. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Isoeugenol und weitererelevante Phenylpropanoide in gängigen Feststoffproben von Kräutern und Gewürzenwie Basilikum, Zimt, Ingwer und...

Koffein kommt in verschiedenen pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln wie Teeblättern, Guarana-beeren und Kaffeebohnen vor. Aufgrund stimulierender Wirkung auf das zentrale Nervensystem und der damit zusammenhängenden Erhöhung der Wachsamkeit und Ver-ringerung des Müdigkeitsgefühls wird Koffein einigen Lebensmitteln wie Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln (NEM) gezielt...

Die Einführung des Cannabisgesetzes konfrontiert amtliche Kontrolllabore aktuell mit neuen Herausforderungen in der Analyse und Qualitätssicherung von Konsumcannabisprodukten durch die Unbestimmtheit der gesetzlichen Anforderungen bezüglich der notwendigen Stichprobenkontrollen wie etwa das Fehlen von Beurteilungsstandards, Toleranzbereichen und No...

This study examines the acrylamide levels in a range of roasted coffee samples from Bahrain, with a particular focus on traditionally very light roasted coffees. Acrylamide, classified as a Group 2A carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is formed during the roasting process as a byproduct of the reaction between amin...

Caffeine is an alkaloid belonging to the methylated xanthine family. It is found in various foods of plant origin, including tea leaves, guarana berries, and coffee beans. Due to its stimulating effect on the central nervous system and the associated increase in alertness and reduction in tiredness, caffeine is specifically added to some foods, suc...

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Exposition gegenüber bestimmten Substanzen oder Lifestyle-Faktoren das Krebsrisiko erhöhen kann. Alkohol wurde von der Internationalen Agentur für Krebsforschung (IARC) aufgrund weltweit replizierter Kausalität in zahlreichen Studien als krebserregend für den Menschen (Gruppe 1) eingestuft. St...

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic main component of the Cannabis plant, is approved as a drug in the European Union (EU) under the name “Epidyolex”. However, the approval process as a food ingredient under the Novel Food Regulation was paused by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) due to a lack of safety data. Nevertheless, there is a gro...

Abstract copyrighted. See https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15978-7.00064-3

In 2016, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the drinking of very hot beverages above 65 °C as “probably carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2A), with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) particularly associated with the habit. As this finding may have practical implications for the coffee industry, there appears to be...

Worldwide, in 2020, an estimated 741 300 new cancer cases were attributable to alcohol consumption. This represents 4.1% of all new cancer cases, 6.1% among men and 2.0% among women. A Working Group of 15 independent international experts, convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) from February to May 2023, evaluated the b...

Zusammenfassung Toxikologische Schwellenwerte wie die duldbare tägliche Aufnahmemenge (Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI), die akute Referenzdosis (ARfD) und die niedrigste Dosis mit beobachteter schädlicher Wirkung (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level, LOAEL) sind entscheidend für die Bewertung der Sicherheit von Lebensmitteln. Sie berücksichtigen pot...

Epidemiologische Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Exposition gegenüber bestimmten Substanzen oder Faktoren, wie Alkohol, sehr heißen Getränken und Aspartam, mit einem erhöhten Krebsrisiko in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. • Alkohol wurde von der Internationalen Agentur für Krebsforschung (IARC) als "krebserregend für den Menschen" (Gruppe 1) eing...

Seit fast 50 Jahren ist das Monographieprogramm der Internationalen Agentur für Krebsforschung (International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO eine weltweit führende Quelle für die Identifizierung und Bewertung von Ursachen für Krebs. Mehr als 1 000 Ursachen wurden bislang bewertet. Die aktuell veröffentlicht...

Alcohol consumption, associated with various cancers, mental disorders, and aggressive behavior, leads to three million deaths globally each year. In Brazil, the alcohol per capita consumption among drinkers aged 15 and over is 41.7 g of pure alcohol/day (~1 L beer/day), which falls into the risky consumption category and exceeds the global average...

In the European Union (EU), the labeling of coffee and coffee by-products adheres to comprehensive regulations aimed at ensuring product transparency and consumer safety. According to Regulation (EU) 1169/2011, the mandatory particulars that must appear on coffee labels include the name of the food, the net quantity, the date of minimum durability,...

The 2nd International Coffee Convention 2024 (ICC2024), scheduled for 17–18 October 2024, in Mannheim, Germany, seeks to advance the discussions from the successful ICC2023. This year’s convention, under the theme “Coffee in Transition”, focuses on pivotal aspects shaping the future of the coffee industry. It provides a platform for sharing the lat...

In March, 2024, an Advisory Group of 28 independent scientists from 22 countries met in Lyon, France to recommend priorities for carcinogenicity evaluations by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs programme during 2025–29. IARC periodically convenes such advisory groups to ensure that the agents evaluated in the Monogra...

Background: Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementa-tion strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is cannabi-diol (CBD) which is gaining more attention in competitive sports. However, the evidence is...

Humans are chronically exposed to furan, a potent liver toxicant and carcinogen that occurs in a variety of heat-processed foods. Assessment of human exposure based on the furan content in foods is, however, subject to some uncertainty due to the high volatility of furan. Biomarker monitoring is thus considered an alternative or complementary appro...

Background Coffee contains a plethora of constituents with some of them being especially important either due to their physiological effects or as quality markers. As quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐NMR) has been established as a fast and reliable analytical tool its application was evaluated for the simultaneous qua...

Approximately 8 million tons of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are produced globally each year. The seeds of the fruit, which make up 10–15% of its weight, are typically discarded. Date seed coffee is a sustainable food system innovation rooted in the traditions of high date-producing regions. Dating back to the late 19th century, date seed coffee has...

The International Coffee Convention 2023 comprehensively addressed the contemporary challenges and advancements in the coffee industry, emphasizing sustainability, health, and innovation. This convention gathered experts and stakeholders to explore diverse aspects of coffee, ranging from the potential of underutilized species like Coffea liberica i...

Isoeugenol (2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenol) has been recently classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study conducted an analysis of isoeugenol in common herbs and spices, including basil, cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg, using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrom...

Elsevier does not allow to share abstracts https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1hlIC16Ds1w0-K

The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a fundamental international agreement that plays a crucial role in the protection and equitable utilization of plant genetic resources. While this agreement is essential for conservation and sustainable use, it presents specific challenges to...

The IARC convened a group of scientists to review the evidence on reduction or cessation of alcohol beverage consumption in relation to alcohol-related cancer incidence or mortality.

Isoeugenol has recently been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B) by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In light of this evaluation, an updated risk assessment of this common food constituent was conducted using the benchmark dose (BMD) approach as recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for point...

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified “very hot beverages” (consumed above 65°C) as “probably carcinogenic to humans” (group 2A) due to chronic thermal injury to the esophageal mucosa. In Brazil, coffee is the most consumed food product and is typically consumed hot. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to measu...

As early as 1946, Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell detected nuclear magnetic resonance signals, earning themselves the Nobel Prize in 1952. The same year saw the launch of the first commercial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Since then, NMR has experienced significant progress in various fields of application. While in the 1970s...

The Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) has reviewed the currently available data in order to assess the health risks associated with the use of acetaldehyde as a flavoring substance in foods. Acetaldehyde is genotoxic in vitro. Following oral intake of ethanol or inhalation exposure to acetaldehyde, syst...

The roasting process is an important step in coffee production, leading to important physical and chemical changes that are responsible for the sensory quality of a coffee beverage. Besides the commonly used drum roasters, a newly developed infrared roaster can be used to roast green coffee beans. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)...

Tattooing has been an enduring form of body art since ancient times, but it carries inherent health risks, primarily due to the complex composition of tattoo inks. These inks consist of complex mixtures of various ingredients, including pigments, solvents, impurities and contaminants. This literature review aims to shed light on the organic and ino...

Copyright-protected Abstract available at ScienceDirect: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1hsQH1M5UCk5G1

Das Vorsorgeprinzip ist in der Rechtsprechung und Gesetzgebung der Europäischen Union (EU) fest verankert. Im Lebensmittelrecht wurde das Vorsorgeprinzip in Art. 7 der Lebensmittel-Basisverordnung (EG) Nr. 178/2002 (BasisVO) etabliert. Dennoch findet das Vorsorgeprinzip sowohl in der Überwachungspraxis als auch in der nationalen Rechtsprechung nich...

In submitting conference proceedings to Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal....

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(23)00639-2

In addition to the well-known coffee bean, many other parts of the coffee plant can be used as food. These materials have been traditionally used in some coffee-producing countries but were not known in the European Union (EU) before 1997, and are therefore classified as novel in the EU and require approval before being placed on the market. Author...

The global shortage of agricultural source products and the rising need for sustainability in supply chains have led to an effort to replace current sources, such as those for energy or protein, with novel foods. These include by-products from agricultural production that are currently being wasted or completely new plant or insect sources. Unfortu...

The utilization of coffee leaves and flowers has been underestimated over the years. Both by-products can be obtained from coffee trees without adversely affecting the production of coffee beans. To gain fundamental knowledge of their sensorial and aroma profiles, it becomes essential to reintroduce them into the food chain. Accordingly, 24 differe...

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is made from roasted and ground beans of the coffee plant. There are over 100 species of coffee plants, but only 2 are widely available: Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. There are many different ways to prepare coffee. The most common method is to brew the coffee with hot water. Howev...

Die Internationale Krebsforschungsagentur (International Agency for Research on Cancer – IARC) der WHO und anschließend der Gemeinsame FAO/WHO-Sachverständigenausschuss für Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives – JECFA) haben im Rahmen eines Neubewertungsverfahrens im Juni/Juli 2023 die Krebsgefahr und die Lebensmittels...

Für eine erfolgreichere Vermarktung werden Spirituosen ausgefallene Inhaltsstoffe zugesetzt, die ein besonderes Trinkerlebnis versprechen. Aus der Sicht der Lebensmittelüberwachung stellt sich die Frage der Einordnung der Inhaltsstoffe und der Sicherheit der Spirituosen. Hierzu werden verschiedene lebensmittelrechtliche Fälle aus dem CVUA Karlsruhe...

1. Conference Overview The International Coffee Convention 2023 (ICC2023) is a unique three-day event in Mannheim, Germany, from September 30 to October 3, that will bring together academics, practitioners and coffee industry experts from around the world to discuss the challenges and solutions facing the coffee industry. The conference will featur...

Food authenticity is a rapidly growing field due to increasing consumer concerns about food safety and quality. Food authenticity is a key tool for ensuring food safety, quality, and consumer protection, as well as complying with national laws, international standards, and other regulations. Meat and meat products, eggs, fish, and seafood are some...

Chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids are naturally occurring antioxidant dietary polyphenolic compounds found in high concentrations in plants, fruits, vegetables, coffee, and coffee by-products. The objective of this review was to assess the potential health risks associated with the oral consumption of coffee by-products containing chlorogenic an...

Younger generations, including the majority of college students, frequently drink caffeine to feel alerted, enjoy the flavor, socialize, enhance physical energy, improve mood, and reduce stress. The aim of this study is to assess the caffeine consumption among participants aged 18-35 years throughout the day and in different environments. The total...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most versatile methods of analysis. Till the early 1970s, NMR spectroscopy was exclusively used for structure elucidation and purity testing of synthesized compounds. Nowadays, however, the range of successful applications covers identification and structure elucidation of organic and bioc...

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products are widely marketed as over the counter products, mostly as food supplements. Adverse effects reported in anecdotal consumer reports or during clinical studies were first assumed to be due to acid-catalysed cyclization of CBD to psychotropic Δ ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ ⁹ THC) in the stomach after oral consumpti...

Citation: Schorb, S.; Gleiss, K.; Wedekind, R.; Suonio, E.; Kull, A.-K.; Kuntz, M.; Walch, S.G.; Lachenmeier, D.W. Assessment of Aspartame (E951) Occurrence in Selected Foods and Abstract: This study examines the occurrence of the artificial sweetener aspartame (E951) in foods and beverages sampled by food control authorities in Germany between 200...

Elsevier does not allow sharing of abstracts due to copyright. Abstract available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.00730-2

Die Regelungen der Europäischen Union zu neuartigen Lebensmitteln verhindern einerseits, in Krisenzeiten schnell zu reagieren und beispielsweise traditionelle Kohlenhydrat- und Proteinquellen durch Agrarprodukte aus Drittländern zu ergänzen. Andererseits verhindern die EU-Regelungen nicht, dass Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ungeprüft auf den Markt komme...

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of the artificial sweetener aspartame (E951) in a wide range of foods and beverages sampled by food control authorities in Germany between 2000 and 2022. The dataset was obtained through the Consumer Information Act. The results showed that aspartame was present in a wide range of product groups tested...

Trigonelline is a bioactive pyridine alkaloid that occurs naturally in high concentrations in coffee (up to 7.2 g/kg) and coffee by-products (up to 62.6 g/kg) such as coffee leaves, flowers, cherry husks or pulp, parchment, silver skin, and spent grounds. In the past, coffee by-products were mostly considered waste and discarded. In recent years, h...

Food products are composed of a complex mixture of natural substances that may be added on intention or developed during the production process. Coumarin is a naturally occurring substance that possesses aromatic and fragrant characteristics and can be found all over the plant kingdom. Different studies have demonstrated chronic toxic effects, part...

In the European Union (EU), cannabidiol (CBD) products extracted from Cannabis sativa L. require pre-marketing authorisation under the novel food regulation. Currently, 19 CBD applications are being assessed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). During the initial assessment of the dossiers, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods, and Foo...

Im Rahmen der Novel Food-Zulassung von Cannabidiol (CBD) hat die EFSA derart große Datenlücken aufgezeigt, dass eine Bewertung der Sicherheit der Produkte derzeit nicht möglich erscheint und daher alle Novel Food-Anträge in den sogenannten Clock Stop versetzt wurden, bis die Lebensmittelunternehmen die geforderten Daten nachgereicht haben (1). Als...

The current novel food regulation in the European Union (EU) is not an adequate barrier to prevent manufacturing and the market appearance of unapproved novel food products, such as cannabidiol products. However, the novel food regulation appears to be an effective barrier against the import of traditional foods from third countries into the EU. Ap...

This opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) presents arguments for an updated risk assessment of diet-related exposure to acrylamide (AA), based on a critical review of scientific evidence relevant to low dose exposure. The SKLM arrives at the conclusion that a...

Zusammenfassung Cold-Brew-Kaffee hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem Trendgetränk entwickelt. Lebensmittelrechtliche Anforderungen hierzu wurden noch nicht festgelegt. Mit Hilfe einer Online-Umfrage wurde daher die Erwartung konsumierender Personen untersucht und daraus eine mögliche Verkehrsauffassung abgeleitet. Rund 70 % der befragten V...

The purpose of the conference session summarized in this article was to bring together international experts on food toxicology and food safety and share the current scientific knowledge on these topics. The presentations covered a wide range of interdisciplinary issues, including (i) the impact of diet on body weight and health outcomes including...

Coffee bean harvesting incurs various by-products known for their long traditional use. However, they often still end up being a waste instead of being used to their full potential. On the European market, coffee cherry (cascara) products are not yet common, and a novel food approval for beverages made from coffee cherry pulp was issued only recent...

Die EFSA hat aktuell die Bewertung sämtlicher Novel-Food-Anträge zu CBD ausgesetzt (sog. Clock-Stop), da der Behörde keine ausreichenden Daten über die Sicherheit von CBD in Bezug auf zahlreiche Organsysteme des Menschen vorgelegt wurden, die im Tierversuch festgestellte Gefahren gesundheitsschädlicher Wirkungen widerlegen würden. Dieser Beitrag sc...

In the European Union (EU), cannabidiol products require pre-marketing authorisation under the novel food regulation. Currently, 19 CBD applications are under assessment at the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). During the initial assessment of the application files, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) located seve...

This review of analytical methods for pot-honey research is intended to provide concise references to our contributions to a 35-day post-harvest at 30 °C, in an integrated study. Diverse methods were selected from specialized literature, from the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), and the International Honey Commission. Besides the...

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products are widely marketed as over the counter products, mostly as food supplements. Adverse effects reported in anecdotal consumer reports or during clinical studies were first assumed to be due to hydrolytic conversion of CBD to psychotropic Δ ⁹ -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ ⁹ -THC) in the stomach after oral consumption....

The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a lifestyle factor with worldwide prevalence that is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. While most of the effects, including the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages, are caused by ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, other compounds were implicated as causing harms beyond ethanol. A...