Dinah Parums

University of Oxford | OX · Pathology

This year, 2024, marks the 60 th anniversary of the Declaration of Helsinki, with the latest revision adopted by the World Medical Association (WMA) in October 2024. The 2024 Declaration of Helsinki is a statement document of ethical principles for research involving humans, human data, and human cells and tissues. Revising the 2013 Declaration of...

Vertical transmission, or mother-to-child transmission, of bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection is rare due to the success of the barrier functions of the placental maternal-fetal interface, which provides physical, molecular, and immunological mechanisms to protect the developing fetus. Infections in pregnancy that can cross the placenta and r...

On October 8 2024, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Hopfield and Hinton for their foundation research on machine learning with artificial neural networks, which resulted in the current applications for artificial intelligence (AI). Digital diagnostic histopathology combines image capture...

Rising levels of obesity in all age groups are associated with profound effects on health and economies in developed and developing countries. This year, the scientific research behind the development of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 analogs or incretin mimetics) has been recognized. On 19 September 2024, three scientists...

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as post-COVID-19 condition or post-COVID syndrome, can affect anyone infected with SARS-CoV-2, regardless of age or the severity of the initial symptoms of COVID-19. Long COVID/PASC is the continuation or development of new symptoms after three months from the initial SAR...

Abstract: On August 14, 2024, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the increasing outbreaks of mpox (formerly monkeypox) should be regarded as an international public health emergency due to the growing number of cases in endemic and non-endemic geographical areas, and increasing disease severity. The latest up...

Therapeutic human gene editing technologies continue to advance, with the endonuclease, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) being one of the most rapidly developing technologies. Recently, in 2024, a method of RNA editing called 'bridge editing' has been described in bacteria, which is more powerful and has broader ap...

At the end of 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified climate change as the greatest threat to human health. Global climate change is due to rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels, mainly by populations in developed and developing countries. In 2022, the world experienced th...

Antimicrobial resistance and the associated morbidity and mortality from untreatable common infectious organisms is an increasing threat to global public health. In 2019, the Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators identified that antimicrobial resistance was directly responsible for up to 1.27 million deaths worldwide and was associated with up to...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtypes have been increasingly identified in poultry and wild birds since 2021. Between 2020-2023, 26 countries have reported that the H5N1 virus had infected more than 48 mammalian species. On 1 April 2024, a public health alert was issued in Texas when the first confirmed case of human infection wit...

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and includes cognitive, personality, and behavioral changes. The 2024 report from the Alzheimer’s Association estimated that 6.9 million adults >65 years in the US are currently living with Alzheimer's disease. Modeling studies predict that this number will double by 2050, and associated healt...

On February 16, 2024, the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) granted accelerated approval to lifileucel (Amtagvi), an adoptive immune cell therapy with autologous ex vivo-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for adult patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma progressing after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and, if BRAF V600...

In April 1984, 40 years ago, the Secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services announced that Dr. Robert Gallo and his colleagues at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) had confirmed the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a retrovirus, which became known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1986. For the past 40...

On 22 February 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that, following the recent resurgence of measles cases in Europe, more than half the world’s countries could expect significant measles outbreaks this year. Measles is a highly infectious virus with a primary case reproduction number (R0) of 12–18. Measles infection can be severe, resu...

In 2020, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research on the endonuclease, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) method for DNA editing. On 16 November 2023, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Ag...

In 2020, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research on the endonuclease, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) method for DNA editing. On 16 November 2023, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Ag...

In December 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the updated 2024 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Adult Immunization Schedule, which is available online for access by the public and healthcare professionals. These new guidelines come at a time when the incidence of vaccine-preventable viral inf...

The clinical association of purpura, arthralgia, and arthritis was first described in 1837 in a publication by Johann Lukas Schönlein, a German physician. In 1874, Eduard Henoch, a student of Schönlein, reported cases of children with purpura, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and joint pain. IgA vasculitis, or Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is a systemi...

The major health threats from climate change include increasing temperatures, air pollution, extreme weather events, changes in the spread of infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, emerging pathogens, and an increase in vector-borne disease. Between October and December 2023, in 200 medical journal, epidemiologists, clinicians, healthcare p...

In October and November 2023, hospitals in the major cities of Beijing and Liaoning in northern China reported a surge in cases of pneumonia in children, with some hospitals being overwhelmed by pediatric emergency admissions. Similar outbreaks of childhood pneumonia had been reported in the autumn of 2022 in Europe and North America. Therefore, in...

On May 5, 2023, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) advised the transition to long-term management of the COVID-19 pandemic and that COVID-19 is now an established and ongoing health issue that is no longer a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The WHO decision was based on an analysis of the decreasing...

The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report includes relevant topics from the clinician's perspective and evidence published on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) since GOLD 2017. The World Health Organization (WHO) and GOLD 2023 have developed an updated definition of COPD as, "a heterogeneous lung condi...

Between 2012 and 2022, the American Journal of Case Reports published over 3,500 case reports and case series. In 2022-23, this journal achieved an impact factor (IF) of 1.2. The significant merits of published case reports include identifying rare diseases and syndromes, treatment complications or side effects, pharmacovigi-lance, and medical educ...

A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has currently achieved global domination. EG.5 (Eris) was first reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 17, 2023, and designated as a variant under monitoring (VUM) on July 19, 2023. EG.5 (Eris), and its sublineages, EG.5.1, EG.5.1.1, and EG.5.2, is a descendent lineage of XBB.1.9.2, which has the sam...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus affects adults and children, with an increasing number of newly-diagnosed cases each year. Type 1 diabetes involves a primary functional defect in pancreatic islet beta cells, resulting in secondary autoimmunity that results in T-cell-mediated beta cell death. However, pancreatic transplantation is a complex procedure, with...

Most studies on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been retrospective, have lacked an unin-fected comparison group, and have focussed on the prevalence of individual symptoms, resulting in different estimates of prevalence. Recognizing the range and complex interactions between the many long-term effects of COVID-19 is essential bef...

Artificial intelligence (AI), or machine learning, is an ancient concept based on the assumption that human thought and reasoning can be mechanized. AI techniques have been used in diagnostic medicine for several decades, particularly in image analysis and clinical diagnosis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, AI was critical in genome sequencing, drug...

On April 14, 2003, the International Human Genome Project was declared complete after identifying, mapping, and sequencing approximately 92% of the human genome. Significant genetic alterations have now been identified in most human cancers. Personalized, or precision, oncology involves molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alteratio...

Eliminating an infectious disease aims to result in no residual disease in a specific geographic area due to deliberate efforts, which may require ongoing control measures to prevent the re-establishment of infection transmission. Currently, no effective vaccines prevent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, during the past decade, oral direc...

Strains of avian influenza A, believed to have originated in poultry with transmission to wild birds, have been associated with epidemics and four major pandemics in humans in the past century. The 1918 influenza pandemic was caused by an avian strain of the influenza A(H1N1) virus that initially adapted to infect humans and then rapidly spread bet...

In November 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) first identified the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.529, as a variant of concern (VOC). By early 2022, the Omicron variant and its five lineages, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4. and BA.5, had become the predominant cause of COVID-19 in most countries. The Omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant is a sublineage...

There is hope that 2023 could bring regulatory approval, licensing, and implementation programs for safe and effective adjuvanted vaccines to prevent malaria. Clinical trials involving the two leading adjuvanted malaria vaccines directed to the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) are ongoing. These vaccines are RTS,S/ASO1 (Mosqui...

The COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, increased resistance to antifungal drugs, and an increased number of immunocompromised patients have driven a recent global surge in pathogenic fungal infections, including aspergillosis, candidiasis, and mucormycosis. On 25 October 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a list of 19 fungal priorit...

In the past two decades, there have been rapid advances in the number and range of regulatory approvals of targeted therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene has a high mutation rate in human cancers and is associated with some of the most aggr...

One of the most recently described clinical associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection is rebound COVID-19, which occurs between five and eight days following the cessation of antiviral treatment. Most case reports of rebound COVID-19 have been associated with cessation of treatment with the combined oral antiviral agent nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovi...

Monkeypox is caused by an orthopoxvirus, which is a DNA virus. Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection that has been endemic in West Africa and Central Africa for over a decade. Between 1 January and 22 June 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 3,413 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox from 50 countries. Most cases (86%) were repo...

Monkeypox is caused by an orthopoxvirus, which is a DNA virus. Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection that has been endemic in West Africa and Central Africa for over a decade. Between 1 January and 22 June 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 3,413 laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox from 50 countries. Most cases (86%) were repo...

The range of long-term clinical conditions following SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults is now recognized. However, the prevalence, presentation, and risk factors for long COVID, or post–COVID-19, in children are less well understood because there have been few follow-up studies or long-term clinical trials in children with COVID-19. However, recent st...

On 26 November 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified the B.1.1.529 variant, or Omicron variant, as the fifth variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2. The B.1.1.529 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 includes five lineages, BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4. and BA.5. During the past six months, several identified sublineages of B.1.1.529 have rapidly...

The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection include short-term, long-term, mild, and severe clinical symptoms. The cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes, are important targets for SARS-CoV-2. In February 2022, the findings from a large US cohort of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 and...

The Nuvaxovid™ (NVX-CoV2373) Novavax vaccine is a recombinant spike (S) protein nanoparticle vaccine combined with the Matrix-M adjuvant. On December 20, 2021, the European Commission of the European Union (EU) granted conditional marketing authorization for the Nuvaxovid™ (NVX-CoV2373) Novavax vaccine, following recommendations from the European M...

The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.529, was included in the World Health Organization (WHO) list of variants of concerns (VOC) on 26 November 2021. Within only three months, omicron has spread rapidly to become the dominant variant in many countries. Studies have begun to evaluate the virulence, transmissibility, and degree of immune protecti...

On 4th November 2021, the first oral antiviral drug for COVID-19, molnupiravir (Lagevrio®), received full regulatory approval from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK. Molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable antiviral drug for use at home when a SARS-CoV-2 test is positive. On 22 nd December 2022, the FDA granted...

In 2021, data from global disease monitoring and infection surveillance programs have shown that vaccination programs have reduced the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization and mortality rates. Currently, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies a fully vaccinated individual as being ³14 days after the comp...

Healthcare professionals have an ethical, medico-legal, and professional responsibility to report all suspected adverse events following immunization to relevant national reporting agencies as part of the process of post-marketing drug safety monitoring. In the US, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is co-sponsored by the Centers fo...

Some of the most challenging guidelines for clinical practice include recommendations for disease prevention , which often involve lifestyle modifications, which may vary between populations. On August 30, 2021, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published new guidelines for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular d...

The development and use of digital health technology have increased during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital tools have been increasingly used to diagnose and screen for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Digital technology, in the form of mobile phone applications (apps), has been adopted by several countries to track i...

Recent studies on the pathogenesis and clinical spectrum of human disease following infection with the new human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, have identified the varied presentations and sequelae of COVID-19. Acute 'cytokine storm' in severe COVID-19 results in multiorgan damage due to vascular hyperpermeability, edema, and hypercoagulation. The long-term...

There have been five viral pandemics in the past century, four were due to influenza, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a 99% global reduction in the diagnosis of influenza. Also, from 2020, global mortality rates from influenza fell to record levels during the influenza s...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the number of completed clinical trials, particularly in oncology. Between 80-85% of all lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and of these, between 2-3% have an EGFR exon 20 insertion, which is associated with increased cell proliferation, metas-tasis, and a lack of respo...

During the past two years, clinical studies have attempted to identify risk factors to predict clinical outcomes following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In July 2021, a study using a high-throughput technique detected autoantibodies to chemokines, cytokines, and complement components in patients with s...

Malaria affects more than 3 billion people in 95 countries, with an estimated mortality rate of 400,000 per year. The female Anopheles spp mosquito most commonly transmits malaria, and the main burden of disease is due to Plasmodium falciparum. The most abundant antigen on the sporozoite surface is the Plasmodium fal-ciparum circumsporozoite protei...

In the past 18 months, accelerated vaccine development to prevent or reduce the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in rapid global emergency regulatory approvals, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emergency use authorization (EUA) approvals. On August 23, 2021, the US FDA gave the first full regulatory ap...

During 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in interruptions and cancellations of clinical trials and has delayed drug development in all areas except SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. A further concern is the need to rapidly share anonymized datasets and improve opportunities to conduct randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in low-resource...

Subjective narrative review articles have an educational and informative role in medical and scientific journals. Systematic review of the literature requires an objective and complete review of all available publications on an identified topic. Systematic review that undergoes meta-analysis aims to provide a complete and objective evaluation of al...

Regulatory authorities, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have accelerated diagnostic and therapeutic approvals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Accelerated clinical development and approvals have resulted in vaccine programs for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, some...

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that in 2019, 10.0 million people worldwide developed tuberculosis (TB), with 1.4 million deaths from TB in that year. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin and an additional chemotherapeutic agent is known as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Unti...

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly presents with pneumonia. However, COVID-19 is now recognized to involve multiple organ systems with varying severity and duration. In July 2021, the findings from a retrospective population study from the National COV...

Current treatments for patients with Alzheimer's disease aim to improve behavioral, cognitive, and non-cog-nitive symptoms. There have been no new drug approvals for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease for more than two decades. Drug development in Alzheimer's disease aims to identify disease-modifying therapies that will delay or slow the c...

This manuscript has been retracted at the author's request due to possible conflict of interest.Reference:Dinah V. Parums. Editorial: mRNA Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Oncology: A New Era for Personalized Medicine. Med Sci Monit 2021;27:e933088. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.933088.

Vaccinated, non-vaccinated, and immunosuppressed individuals will continue to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, there is a priority to develop treatments that reduce the severity of COVID-19 in patients who require hospital admission. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine. In 2011, a humanized monoclonal antibody to the IL-6 rece...

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, data from clinical studies, systematic review, and population registry data have shown that when compared with non-pregnant women, SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a small increase in risk to the mother. Large cohort studies and registry data collected from 2020 have included the US Surveilla...

Artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine includes physical robotics and devices and virtual AI and machine learning. Concerns have been raised regarding ethical issues for the use of AI in surgery, including guidance for surgical decisions, patient confidentiality, and the need for support from controlled clinical trials to use these metho...

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has identified thousands of genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 31st May 2021, the Virus Evolution Working Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) announced its recommendations for revised naming of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs)...

Patient registries include data on patient diagnosis, demographics, treatment, and outcomes and are now fundamental to the provision of successful global health systems. Patient registries include mainly local, regional, and national patient data on general or specific patient groups. Global registries currently exist mainly for rare diseases. Some...

During 2020, increasing numbers of case reports, case series, and small observational studies reported long-term complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients who had recovered from acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Long COVID has a prevalence of between 10-30% in patients with a r...

In early 2020, at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rare cases were reported in children and adolescents of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). MIS-C is characterized by fever, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction and...

During the past four decades, the identification of phenotypic changes in malignant tumor cells has been refined by the standardization of immunohistochemistry methods. Regulatory-approved companion diagnostics were initially developed for immunohistochemistry and to support early tumor tissue-based clinical trials. In the last decade, molecular pr...

Synthetic mRNA and the expression of therapeutic proteins have accelerated vaccine development to prevent infection and heralds a new era in targeted immunotherapy in oncology. Therapeutic mRNA vaccines rely on available tumor tissue for gene sequencing analysis to compare the patient's normal cellular DNA sequences and those of the tumor. Carrier-...

There have been rapid developments in safe and effective mRNA vaccines for zoonotic infections in the past year. Years of research have made these advances possible, leading to in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA expressing therapeutic proteins. There are several advantages of mRNA vaccines that include their low-cost manufacturing process, large-scale...

During 2020 and 2021, the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respi- ratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in high death rates and acute and chronic morbidity in all countries. The rapid development of new mRNA vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 brings hope that the spread of this virus can be controlled...

Tumor tissue biomarkers are the basis for targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These biomarkers either reflect the target of the specific drug or some factor that might abrogate the effect of the drug. These targeted drugs are small-molecule inhibitors of a specific tyrosine kinase or a monoclonal antibody against a specific rece...

In this review on current therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the current status of immune therapy is presented. This therapeutic area is dominated by the biological therapeutics, or "biologics". Firstly, the immune checkpoint inhibitors include antibodies to PD-1, e.g., nivolumab (BMS-936558) and pembrolizumab (MK-3475), and antibodies...

Tumor tissue biomarkers are the basis for targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These biomarkers either reflect the target of the specific drug or some factor that might abrogate the effect of the drug. These targeted drugs are small-molecule inhibitors of a specific tyrosine kinase or a monoclonal antibody against a specific rece...

To identify clinical and biometric features associated with overall survival of patients with advanced refractory non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib. One hundred and nine diagnostic NSCLC samples were analysed for EGFR mutation status, EGFR immunohistochemistry, histologic morphometry and quantitative immunofluorescence of 15...

Epidermal growth factor receptor Gefitinib Clinical pathology Survival analysis Biological tumour markers ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify clinical and biometric features associated with overall survival of patients with advanced refractory non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefiti-nib. Experimental design: One hundred and nine diagnostic...

The ISEL (Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer) clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of gefitinib versus placebo in pretreated nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients. Two different antibodies, scoring systems, and cutoff points of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression were compared to predict response and survival of enrolled...

18065 Background: The abundant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a variety of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck, breast, colon and brain has made it an attractive target for various selective molecular therapeutics, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. The recent eviden...

The phase III Iressa Survival Evaluation in Lung Cancer (ISEL) trial compared gefitinib with placebo in 1,692 patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. We analyzed ISEL tumor biopsy samples to examine relationships between biomarkers and clinical outcome after gefitinib treatment in a placebo-controlled setting. Biomarkers inclu...

Because angiogenesis and inflammation are intimately associated and endoglin is required for angiogenesis, we wished to determine whether it also plays a role in inflammation. Using an immunohistochemical approach, we examined spatial and temporal changes in endoglin expression during inflammation and angiogenesis. We found low levels of endoglin e...

To examine the effect of up to 6 weeks of corticosteroid treatment on the positive temporal artery biopsy rate in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Prospective comparative clinical study of 11 patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria for diagnosis of GCA. Patients underwent temporal artery biopsy within 1 week, at 2-3 weeks, or afte...

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:817-20

We describe a case of donor-acquired small cell lung cancer after pulmonary transplantation for cystic fibrosis. The recipient was an ex-smoker with minimal smoking history and had been abstinent for 20 years. At the time of death, the donor chest radiographic finding was normal. The recipient had multiple posttransplant bronchoscopies and a normal...

In patients with postischaemic left ventricular dysfunction, segments recovering function after revascularisation (hibernating myocardium) may not respond during dobutamine echocardiography, despite preserved [(18)F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake at positron emission tomography. To investigate whether this lack of response might reflect t...

Endoglin (CD105) is expressed on the surface of endothelial and haematopoietic cells in mammals and binds TGFbeta isoforms 1 and 3 in combination with the signaling complex of TGFbeta receptors types I and II. Endoglin expression increases during angiogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation, all of which are associated with TGFbeta signaling and a...