Dietmar LindenbergerUniversity of Cologne | UOC · Institute of Energy Economics
Dietmar Lindenberger
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1,690
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Publications
Publications (73)
We discuss the fundamental role of energy as a factor of production activating the capital stock and as the driving force of technical progress, and we analyze the errors behind the (empirically disputable) equilibrium assumption of neoclassical economy, according to which output elasticities and cost shares of a factor of production have to coinci...
The cost-share theorem and the related equilibrium structure of neoclassical economics are not consistent with thermodynamics and the process nature of energy conversion in wealth creation and technological evolution. In industrial economies energy's output elasticity is typically much larger than its share in total factor cost, whereas for labor t...
Technological constraints on the combinations of production factors result in new conditions for economic equilibrium: output elasticities must be equal to a modification of the usual factor cost shares, where shadow prices due to the constraints add to factor prices. The shadow prices depend on the output elasticities. Consequently, output elas-ti...
The neoclassical mainstream theory of economic growth does not care about the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. It usually considers only capital and labor as the factors that produce the wealth of modern industrial economies. If energy is taken into account as a factor of production, its economic weight, that is its output elasticity, is...
We review the physical aggregation of value added and capital in terms of work performance and information processing and its relation to the deflated monetary time series of output and capital. In growth accounting it complements the time series of labor and energy, measured in hours worked per year and kilowatt-hours consumed per year, respective...
Full paper: https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/7273/file/7273_Holtz.pdf
Find the document under: https://www.smart-energy.nrw/sites/smartenergy/files/policy_brief_regionale_virtuelle_kraftwerke.pdf
Dieses Buch hilft dabei, die Wichtigkeit der Thermodynamik für Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Gesellschaft zu verstehen. Es plädiert für die Integration der ersten beiden Hauptsätze der Thermodynamik in die Lehrbuchökonomie. Dabei führen systemische Gemeinsamkeiten in der Thermodynamik und in der Theorie des Wirtschaftswachstums zur Verwendung ähnlicher ma...
In der Lehrbuchökonomie ist eines Produktionsfaktors ökonomisches Gewicht – fachökonomisch: seine Produktionselastizität – gleich seinem Anteil an der Summe aller Faktorkosten. Gemäß diesem Kostenanteil-Theorem besäßen die Produktionsfaktoren etwa die folgenden Gewichte: menschliche Arbeit 70 %, (Real-) Kapital 25 % und Energie nur 5 % , sofern sie...
Economic growth in Germany and the USA between the years 1960 and 2013 is analyzed, using two LinEx production functions \(Y_{L1}(K,L,E;t)\) and \(Y_{L11}(K,L,E;t)\), which depend linearly on energy and exponentially on quotients of the production factors capital K(t), labor L(t), and energy E(t). The two production functions result from output ela...
“Energiewende”, which roughly translates as the transformation of the German energy sector in accordance with the imperatives of climate change, may soon become a byword for the corresponding processes most other developed countries are at various stages of undergoing. Germany's notable progress in this area offers valuable insights that other stat...
Aufgrund unterschiedlicher meteorologischer Bedingungen innerhalb Europas variieren die regionalen Stromgestehungskosten erneuerbarer Energien deutlich. Folglich können durch grenzüberschreitende Kooperationen beim Zubau erneuerbarer Energien erhebliche Effizienzgewinne realisiert werden. Nichtsdestotrotz streben die meisten europäischen Mitgliedss...
The enactment of the Energy Concept by the German Government in 2010 set ambitious targets for the future energy transition in Germany. The most prominent goals include a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction of the economy and an increase in the share of renewable energy in the whole energy sector. Since the long run effects of these policy meas...
The full set of information on the study "Flexibility concepts for the German power supply in 2050. Ensuring stability in the age of renewable energies" can be found on
http://www.acatech.de/de/aktuelles-presse/dossiers/dossier-stromversorgung-2050.html
and the main document with the study in English is available on
http://www.acatech.de/de/publika...
This study shows that due to the European competition among producers of electric power and the EU emissions trading system, national measures for the reduction of C02 emissions in the electricity sector will result in a relocation of power generation and the related emissions to other European countries which means that these measures are ineffect...
Dieses Buch fasst eine aktuelle Auswahl wissenschaftlich fundierter Analysen, wie sie seit mehr als 30 Jahren in der Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft publiziert werden, für die Praxis zusammen.
Die Beiträge sind in die Themenblöcke Politik und Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Technik gegliedert. Das Themenspektrum umfasst Analysen der nationalen und i...
Diskussionen um Vorschlage nationaler Masnahmen zur Erreichung deutscher CO2-Vermeidungsziele treten in der aktuellen deutschen Klimapolitik vermehrt auf. Zeitgleich findet der europaische Strom- und Emissionshandel zunehmend vernetzt und auf ubergreifenden Marktplatzen statt. Markte werden gekoppelt, Handel wird zunehmend auch grenzuberschreitend...
Drastic oil price changes, the associated economic perturbations, the coupling of energy conversion to entropy production in the form of emissions, and the problems of climate change call for a reappraisal of energy in economic theory. We review econometric growth analyses that do not weigh the production factors capital, labor, and energy by their...
![Abbildung 3: Forschungsakteure in NRW. Quelle: [7].](profile/Johannes-Schaffert/publication/274912648/figure/fig2/AS:614162489155596@1523439156212/Abbildung-3-Forschungsakteure-in-NRW-Quelle-7_Q320.jpg)
![Abbildung 4: Kennzahlen des Energie-und Industrielandes NRW [24].](profile/Johannes-Schaffert/publication/274912648/figure/fig3/AS:614162489171969@1523439156241/Abbildung-4-Kennzahlen-des-Energie-und-Industrielandes-NRW-24_Q320.jpg)
![Abbildung 5: CO2-Emissionen von NRW im europäischen Vergleich [24].](profile/Johannes-Schaffert/publication/274912648/figure/fig4/AS:614162489155597@1523439156264/Abbildung-5-CO2-Emissionen-von-NRW-im-europaeischen-Vergleich-24_Q320.jpg)
Energy conversion in the machines and information processors of the capital stock drives the growth of modern economies. This is exemplified for Germany, Japan, and the USA during the second half of the 20th century: econometric analyses reveal that the output elasticity, i.e. the economic weight, of energy is much larger than energys share in tota...
As part of the "Energy of the Future" monitoring process, the macroeconomic effects of the energy transition (“Energiewende”) were examined. The impulses of the energy transition on the overall economic development in Germany are partly overlaid by effects attributable to other influencing factors such as the global economic environment. For the il...
The core of the project is a forecast of probable energy industry development up to the year 2030, complemented by a Trend Scenario extending to the year 2050. In addition, a Target Scenario and sensitivity calculations are presented, along with several discussions surrounding a number of focal point topics. In the medium and long terms, final ener...
Electricity market models, implemented as dynamic programming problems, have been applied widely to identify possible pathways towards a cost-optimal and low carbon electricity system. However, the joint optimization of generation and transmission remains challenging, mainly due to the fact that commercial trades do not directly translate into powe...
The availability of renewable energies differs significantly across European regions. Consequently, European cooperation in the deployment of renewable energy potentially yields substantial efficiency gains. However, for achieving the 2020 renewable energy targets, most countries purely rely on domestic production. In this paper, we analyze the ben...
Standard economic theory regards capital and labour as the main factors of production that satisfy the “cost-share theorem”. This paper argues that when a third factor, namely energy, is added physical constraints on substitution among the factors arise. We show that energy is a much more important factor of production than its small cost share may...
Increasing European natural gas import dependency and risks of natural gas supply disruptions support the need for additional natural gas infrastructure. Demand developments and major import pipeline commissionings have a major impact on the level of market integration and the secure supply of final consumers. We analyze a variety of scenarios with...
In this paper, we develop a methodology for deriving a consistent measure for supply adequacy in the power generation sector. We especially consider the secured generation capacity of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind. Availability of conventional power plants is estimated through stochastic convolution of unscheduled non-usabiliti...
As a result of the strong growth of renewable energies in the German electricity sector within the last few years, the allocation of renewable costs to the consumer (RES-E apportionment) has been set to 5.277 ct/kWh for 2013 (ÜNB, Pressemitteilung der Übertragungsnetzbetreiber zur veröffentlichten EEG-Umlage 2013, 2012a). This article presents pote...
Renewable energies are meant to produce a large share of the future electricity demand. However, the availability of wind and solar power depends on local weather conditions and therefore weather characteristics must be considered when optimizing the future electricity mix. In this article we analyze the impact of the stochastic availability of win...
As an attempt to fi ght global warming, many countries try to reduce CO2 emissions in the power sector by significantly increasing the proportion of renewable energies (RES-E). A highly intermeshed electricity transmission grid allows the achievement of this target cost-efficiently by enabling the usage of most favorable RES-E sites and by facilita...
Electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES-E) is supposed to increase signi ficantly within the coming decades. However, uncertainty about the progress of necessary infrastructure investments, public acceptance and cost developments of renewable energies renders the achievement of political plans uncertain. Implementation risks of re...
The mathematical conditions for the existence of macroeconomic production functions that are state functions of the economic system are pointed out. The output elasticities and the elasticities of substitution of energy-dependent Cobb-Douglas, CES and LinEx production functions are calculated. The output elasticities, which measure the productive p...
In this article we demonstrate how challenging greenhouse gas reduction targets of up to 95% until 2050 can be achieved in the German electricity sector. In the analysis, we focus on the main requirements to reach such challenging targets. To account for interdependencies between the electricity market and the rest of the economy, different models...
Die dena-Netzstudie II untersucht die Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die deutsche Stromversorgung bis zum Jahre 2020
und gibt einen qualifizierten Ausblick bis 2025. Zunächst werden regional differenzierte Szenarien der installierten Windleistung
entwickelt, auf deren Grundlage Zeitreihen der Windenergieeinspeisung für Hoch- und Höchstspannun...
This article summarises results a study undertaken by Frontier Economics and the EWI for the German Ministry of Economics. The study makes progress in creating transparency of energy supply prices and cost (for electricity, gas and oil products) in Germany in an international context. In Germany most retail prices have increased significantly since...
In this paper, we develop a methodology for deriving a consistent measure for supply adequacy in the power generation sector. We especially consider the secured generation capacity of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind. Availability of conventional power plants is estimated through stochastic convolution of unscheduled non-usabiliti...
In the aftermath of the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima, German nuclear policy has been reconsidered. This paper demonstrates the economic effects of an accelerated nuclear phase-out on the German electricity generation sector. A detailed optimization model for European electricity markets is used to analyze two scenarios with different lifetimes...
The projected increasing natural gas import dependency of the European Union requires investments in additional transport infrastructure capacities. To analyze where investments might be required, an analysis of potential gas flows in addition to a consideration of transport capacities within the European pipeline network is conducive to investigat...
Energy plays only a minor role in orthodox theories of economic growth, because standard economic equilibrium conditions say that the output elasticity of a production factor, which measures the factor's productive power, is equal to the factor's share in total factor cost. Having commanded only a tiny cost share of about 5 percent so far, energy i...
Cointegration analysis is applied to the linear combinations of the time series of (the logarithms of) output, capital, labor, and energy for Germany, Japan, and the USA since 1960.
The computed cointegration vectors represent the output elasticities of the aggregate energy-dependent Cobb-Douglas function.
The output elasticities give the economic...
The equilibrium conditions for an economic system that produces output with several factors of production and which is subject to technological constraints are derived. Optimization of either output minus cost or integrated utility yields the conditions that output elasticities must be equal to a modification of the usual factor cost shares, where...
The coalition agreement of the Christian Democratic (CDU), Christian Social (CSU), and Social Democratic (SPD) parties contains a provision under which the existing regulations about phasing out the peaceful use of nuclear power will remain in force because of different opinions about the use of nuclear power in Germany. This article studies the co...
The paper will discuss the effects of extended operating periods of existing nuclear power plants in comparison to the regulations of the Nuclear Exit Law, namely the effects of extended operating periods of nuclear power plants on the development of German power plant capacity, electricity generation, fuel consumption and fuel imports, resulting C...
This paper analyzes modernization options for a local energy system, including both demand reduction and supply-related measures. The high-resolution optimization model deeco (dynamic energy, emission, and cost optimization) is extended by developing techniques to support conventional insulation measures, transparent insulation, and switchable tran...
The economic and ecological performance of OECD countries over two decades is measured by employing a Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. The index credits the expansion of goods (value added) and the contraction of bads (emissions), at given inputs. We consider the inputs of capital, labor, and energy, and the emissions of CO2, So2, and NOx....
The paper derives production functions designed to model the evolution of service industries. The derivation is based on specifying the output elasticities of the factors according to differential equations and asymptotic technological boundary conditions in factor space. The derived functional forms incorporate labor, capital, energy, and technolo...
In an attempt to integrate thermodynamics with economics, production functions are proposed that depend on capital, labor, energy and technological parameters associated with the energy conversion efficiency of the capital stock. Based on these production functions, which resolve most of the unexplained Solow residual of conventional economic growt...
Economic growth in the USA, Japan, and Germany during three decades and the recessions during the energy crises are well reproduced by production functions that depend on capital, labor, energy and three technology parameters. Time changes of these parameters model innovation diffusion, driven by creativity. In all three countries the time-averaged...
The question is extremely important, because economics is the foundation upon which most decisions affecting agriculture, fisheries, and the environment and, indeed, most aspects of our daily lives are based. Natural scientists, including biological scientists, may have particular views on this or that economic policy, but few question the legitima...
The potentials of energy conservation and emission mitigation are investigated by thermoeconomic systems analysis for a district heating system of 100 well-insulated housing units. The technologies considered are solar collectors, heat exchangers, the seasonal storage of solar heat, (gas-fired) condensing boilers, heat pumps, and the cogeneration o...
The dynamic energy, emission, and cost optimization model deeco is further developed and applied to the analysis of solar district heating systems with seasonal storage in a pilot project of the Bavarian Research Foundation. The optimum integration of condensing boilers, compression and absorption heat pumps, and cogeneration of heat and power is c...
Das von den Produktionsfaktoren Kapital, Arbeit und Energie getragene Wachstum der Wertschöpfung in unterschiedlich strukturierten Wirtschaftssektoren Deutschlands, Japans und der USA während dreier Dekaden wird ökonometrisch beschrieben. Verbesserungen in der Energieeffizienz der Kapitalstöcke nach der ersten Ölpreisexplosion lassen sich identifiz...
Namhafte Energiewissenschaftler aus beinahe allen Zentren der energiewirtschaftlichen forschung in Deutschland äußern sich authentisch und allgemein verständlich zu den aktuellen Problemen des Umbruchs, in dem sich die Energiewirtschaft befindet.
Das Wachstum industrieller Wertschöpfung in den USA, Japan und Deutschland während dreier Dekaden wird ökonometrisch beschrieben. Dabei tritt die Energie den Produktionsfaktoren Kapital und Arbeit als gleichberechtigter Partner zur Seite. Man erhält gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Empirie, auch und gerade in den Rezessionszeiten nach der...
In the light of potentially increasing investments requirements in the European natural gas supply infrastructure, a study by the Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI) investigates physical market integration in the European gas market during the next decade. This paper presents the model and the methodological approach t...
Technological constraints on the combinations of production factors result in new conditions for economic equilibrium: output elasticities must be equal to a modification of the usual factor cost shares, where shadow prices due to the constraints add to factor prices. The shadow prices depend on the output elasticities. Consequently, output elas-ti...
In an attempt to integrate thermodynamics with economics, production functions are proposed that depend on capital, labor, and energy, and technological parameters associated with the energy conversion efficiency of the capital stock. Based on these production functions, which resolve most of the unexplained Solow residual of conventional economic...
Recent econometric analyses of growth in industrialized countries reveal that energy?s elasticity of production systematically exceeds its factor cost share, whereas for labor the opposite holds. The paper reviews these analyses that reflect the observed direction of technological change towards increasing automation.
Projects
Projects (2)
Oberstes Ziel ist der Klimaschutz bei gleichzeitiger Sicherstellung der Versorgungssicherheit durch bezahlbare technische Lösungen, die die volatilen erneuerbaren Energien sicher in die Netze integrieren.
Um diese Ziele erreichen zu können sind verschiedene Lösungsansätze notwendig, die sowohl einer Flexibilisierung auf Seiten der Erzeuger als auch der Verbraucher bedürfen. Eine verstärkte Kopplung der verschiedenen Sektoren, wie z.B. Strom, Gas und Wärme, Industrie oder Mobilität, rückt dabei immer weiter in den Fokus der Forschung. Eine zunehmende Bedeutung haben dabei Flexibilitätsoptionen, wie zum Beispiel Demand-Side-Management (DSM), Power-to-Heat (PtH), Power-to-Gas (PtG) oder auch die Erzeugung von chemischen Produkten (PtC) oder Kraftstoffen (PtF) aus Überschussstrom. Gemeinsam wird diese vielseitige Technologiefamilie häufig als Power-to-X abgekürzt.
Das Virtuelle Institut „Strom zu Gas und Wärme“ untersucht im Auftrag der nordrhein-westfälischen Landesregierung die Integration dieser Flexibilitätsoptionen vor dem Hintergrund des Energiemarktes, der Netzstabilität und des zunehmend zusammenwachsenden Gesamtsystems und leitet daraus Handlungsempfehlungen für Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Industrie ab.
