Dieter Hermann Schramm

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• Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c.
• Senior Professor at University of Duisburg-Essen

In recent years, the shipping industry has increasingly turned to automation to improve operational and economic efficiency, safety, and sustainability. However, the high complexity and safety requirements of automated technical systems present challenges in system design and testing, resulting in time-consuming processes and higher costs when test...

Die Mensch-Roboter-Schnittstelle ist Kernelement einer kollaborativen Roboteranwendung, dessen nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung eine Zielsetzung im Forschungsvorhaben CoboTank ist. Die Erprobung mit Nutzenden sowie deren Rückmeldung ist dabei besonders wertvoll. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die methodische nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung der Mensch-Roboter-S...

Autonomous driving has many positive impacts, such as improving driver and passenger safety, comfort, and traffic efficiency, but all these advantages are based on people’s trust and acceptance of this mode of driving. Anthropomorphic driving can enhance the trust and comfort of drivers and passengers and is seen as a feasible measure to increase p...

div>Electromechanical brakes (EMB) are currently coming into focus in the automotive industry. This trend was confirmed in 2022, when a first automotive supplier [ 1 ] announced the series production of EMB systems. One major driver is safety, especially if EMB systems are implemented with smart actuators that install redundant electronic control u...

This chapter describes the structure of the simulator used, as well as the experiments conducted. The results of the experiments are briefly summarized.

In this chapter, the editors summarize important findings from the ALFASY project.

The introduction of the book justifies and explains the goal of the interdisciplinary ALFASY project: the development, construction, and testing of age-appropriate driver assistance systems—specifically acoustic human-machine interfaces tailored to the needs of the steadily growing group of older and affluent drivers (50 years and older). As cognit...

The term Driver Assistance System (DAS) describes a system whose task is to assist the driver in various areas of vehicle control, that is, in the interaction between driver, vehicle, and environment, particularly shaped by the traffic situation.

Planning of charging stations is becoming increasingly prevalent. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to assess their impact on traffic flow and, subsequently, their optimal positioning. To identify these optimal positions, microscopic traffic flow simulations represent an efficacious tool. Different positions can be trialed until an optima...

Urban mobility faces serious problems in daily life caused by increasing population density and traffic demand, leading to congestion at urban roads with limited capacity. Adding to this, the future era of connected and automated vehicles in urban mobility will influence the traditional urban traffic stream and traffic infrastructure. Real-time tra...

Physics-informed neural networks are a promising method to yield surrogate models of flow fields. We present a metamodeling technique for variable geometries based on physics-informed neural networks. The method was applied to the DU99W350 airfoil at a Reynolds number of $$1\times 10^{5}$$ 1 × 10 5 . Using our technique, the angle of attack was int...

Public transportation systems, including trams and buses, play a crucial role in urban traffic. However, these traditional modes of transport have some well-known drawbacks, such as long distances between stops, lengthy waiting times, and a lack of privacy. In response to these challenges, an innovative mobility concept called “FLAIT-train” offers...

Die Automatisierung beim Umschlag von Flüssiggut in der Binnenschifffahrt wurde bisher wenig betrachtet, dabei besitzen die Umschlagprozesse einen hohen Anteil manueller Arbeitsschritte mit einer teils hohen physischen Belastung des Menschen. Die Entwicklung eines teilautomatisierten Robotersystems zur Optimierung des Umschlagvorganges und physisch...

Currently, innovations in mechatronic products often occur at the system level, requiring consideration of component interactions throughout the entire development process. In the earlier phases of development, this is accomplished by coupling virtual prototypes such as simulation models. As the development progresses and real prototypes of certain...

Urban road traffic is influenced by many exogenous factors. Many research works have been carried out to analyze the impact of exogenous factors over traffic flow parameters. Among many other factors, holidays and weather influence urban road traffic to a major extent. Because of such exogenous factors, the traffic flow will be varied from usual tr...

Since electric power steering has replaced hydraulic power steering in passenger cars, steering feedback has become a challenging task in steering system development. Test benches represent a valid approach for improving steering feedback since they allow investigations without the real vehicle. To improve the applicability of feedback evaluations...

Modern steering systems feature an electric servo motor to provide the necessary assistance force for comfortable driving and have successfully replaced hydraulic steering systems in passenger vehicle cars. Besides their advantages in terms of consumption reduction and improved control possibility, one major disadvantage is the reduced feedback inf...

As automated driving technology continues to advance, the question of how users prefer to be driven in their new, more passive role is becoming increasingly relevant. In this paper, a real-world study on a German motorway with 42 participants was conducted to analyze driving style preferences for conditional automated driving, taking the participan...

Integration, testing, and release of complex Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) is one of the main challenges in the field of automated driving. In order for the systems to be accepted by customers and to compete in the market, they have to feature functional, comfortable, safe, efficient, and natural driv...

The software architecture in modern vehicles enables highly networked and innovative systems. At the same time, more and more regulations for type approval of a vehicle have to be taken into account in software development. To ensure consistent quality and compliance with regulations, it is therefore important to test effectively and efficiently. I...

This paper explores the potential for connected public-transport (PT) mobility as an alternative to motorized private transport (MPT) in medium-sized cities. Despite the high demand for MPT, it occupies a lot of space and contributes to conflicts and reduced livability. The more sustainable mobility solution of PT, however, is often considered slow...

Physics-informed neural networks are a promising method to yield surrogate models of flow fields. We present a metamodeling technique for variable geometries based on physics-informed neural networks. The method was applied to the DU99W350 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 1×105. The model predicted the Reynolds-averaged velocity and pressure field a...

Shorter available development times and fewer available vehicle prototypes have increased the subsystem-based investigation on test rigs within the automotive development process. Steering systems exhibit a direct interface to the driver, therefore, posing high requirements to the control performance of a test bench, especially for the perception o...

div class="section abstract"> X-Domain describes the merging of different domains (i.e., braking, steering, propulsion, suspension) into single functionalities. One example in this context is torque-vectoring. Different goals can be pursued by applying X-Domain features. On the one hand, savings in fuel consumption and an improved vehicle driving p...

With the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) in Industry 4.0, edge computing is increasingly relevant in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While the use of simulation is already the state of the art in almost every engineering discipline, e.g., dynamic systems, plant engineering, and log...

This study proposed wavelet-based approaches to characterise random vibration road excitations for durability prediction of coil springs. Conventional strain-life approaches require long computational time, while the accuracy of the vibration fatigue methods is unsatisfactory. It is therefore a necessity to establish an accurate fatigue life predic...

Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) can be used to predict flow fields with a minimum of simulated or measured training data. As most technical flows are turbulent, PINNs based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations incorporating a turbulence model are needed. Several studies demonstrated the capability of PINNs to solve the Na...

Within the automotive development process hardware-in-the-loop steering test benches are utilized to reduce the number of vehicle prototypes and the necessary amount of full vehicle testing. Since electromechanical power steering systems are active components, equipped with their individual control strategy, the control of the test bench in combina...

When changing from active driving to conditional automated driving (CAD), the question arises whether users still prefer their own driving behavior while being a passenger. The aim of this paper is to analyze driving behavior preferences in CAD based on the perception of comfort and safety, taking the personal driving behavior into account. Further...

Trams are a meaningful means of public transport in urban traffic. However, trams have some well-known disadvantages. These include, for example, possibly long distances to the stop, long waiting times, and lack of privacy, among others. The innovative mobility concept “FLAIT-Train” offers solutions to the problems mentioned. The FLAIT-train operat...

This paper outlines an important step in characterizing a novel field of robotic construction research where a cable-driven parallel robot is used to extrude cementitious material in three-dimensional space, and thus offering a comprehensive new approach to computational design and construction, and to robotic fabrication at larger scales. Develope...

Over-the-air technologies and especially over-the-air-updates are important for car manufacturers to gain a competitive advantage and higher customer satisfaction. In the near future most of the new cars sold will be digitally connected. Not only the increasing number of new regulations all over the world, but also the growing complexity implies ch...

For some years now, the keyword Maritime 4.0 has also been used to describe the digital transformation in the shipping industry. Given the current challenges in inland shipping, such as the shortage of nautical personnel and the freight structure effect, there is a need for innovative and future-oriented concepts. Modern means of broadband communic...

This paper describes the integration of publicly available geoinformation into a simulation environment. Within the research project ‘AutoBin’, the autonomous control of an inland vessel is to be tested in a simulated environment and the developed algorithms are to be validated. This requires a photorealistic simulation within a modern game engine....

Machine Learning algorithms based on kernel density estimation (KDE) are said to be well suited for anomaly detection. However, existing approaches mainly cover point anomaly detection. Many industrial applications also require detecting drifts, contextual and collective anomalies. Due to the demand for small latencies, edge computing gains signifi...

Automated driving is an essential component of future mobility. Modern vehicles already feature numerous assistance systems supporting the driver in semi-automated driving. In highly automated driving, the driver is even relieved of the permanent monitoring of the traffic situation. In this context, driving situations in which the frictional connec...

Within this paper, a modular twin-track model is developed which precisely describes the dynamics of vehicles and guarantees a solution in real-time. The vehicle model is divided into subsystems, which reflect the real structure of the vehicle. A new formalism for object-oriented models of mechanical multi-body systems is used for the modeling of t...

This study proposes acceleration-strain conversion model for coil spring in fatigue-durability prediction by considering the load sequence effect. Established models were inaccurate in fatigue life prediction when the load sequence effect was considered. Therefore, signal processing technique was applied to retain the load sequences in the simulate...

Bis zur vollständigen Durchdringung des Marktes mit hochautomatisierten Fahrzeugen wird es über eine lange Zeit hinweg zu einem Mischbetrieb mit manuell gesteuerten und hochautomatisierten Fahrzeugen kommen. Für eine Harmonisierung des Straßenverkehrs ist ein gegenseitiges Verständnis der Fahrintentionen daher von entscheidender Bedeutung. In diese...

The virtual design of steering systems requires suitable premises for predicting realistic steering rack forces. This includes the proper tire used for the parking maneuver. It is important to select the tire from a portfolio that generates the highest rack forces at the vehicle, so that the electro-mechanical dimensioning of the steering system ca...

Virtual steering system layout in the early development phase requires adequate tire models to predict realistic steering rack forces. An accurate representation of parking is particularly important, as the largest steering rack forces occur during this maneuver. Physical tire models are mainly parameterized for rolling conditions. Since the tire e...

At German universities, recent semesters have seen a significant move towards the digitalization of summative assessments. This development is in part due to the COVID19 pandemic, which presented a number of challenges with respect to classical exams. In particular, many universities have introduced the possibility of online exams for the very firs...

A growing interest in Electromechanical Brakes (EMBs) is discernible in the automotive industry. Nevertheless, no EMBs have ever been deployed for series production, although countless publications have been made, and patents have been filed. One reason for this is the need for the optimization of functional safety. Due to the missing mechanical/hy...

Energy consumption prediction application is one of the most important fieldsthat is artificially controlled with Artificial Intelligence technologies to maintainaccuracy for electricity market costs reduction. This work presents a way to buildand apply a model to each costumer in residential buildings. This model is built by using Long Short Term...

The high number of devices with limited computational resources as well as limited communication resources are two characteristics of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). With Industry 4.0 emerges a strong demand for data processing in the edge, constrained primarily by the limited available resources. In industry, deep reinforcement learning...

Metamodels of CFD calculations can be essential for real-time control or optimization algorithms, among others, due to the high computation times and memory requirements otherwise required there. Interpolation and approximation tools such as polynomials, splines or neural networks can be used here. Recently, so-called Physics Informed Neural Networ...

The use of virtual sensors in vehicles represents a cost-effective alternative to the installation of physical hardware. In addition to physical models resulting from theoretical modeling, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches are increasingly used, which incorporate experimental modeling. Due to the resulting black-box characteri...

This paper describes the conception and implementation of the research and control center VeLABi for the development of automation functions up to a fully autonomous inland vessel. A high-tech simulator was designed and built as the central component of VeLABi. It allows simulative developments and demonstrations of automation functions. Furthermor...

This paper presents a concept for using road wetness information in an all-wheel-drive (AWD) control that distributes drive torques in the longitudinal direction. Driving on wet roads requires special attention. Not only does the road surface friction coefficient decrease, but driving dynamics targets must be adjusted to prevent vehicle instability...

Evaluation of the steering wheel control is important to optimise the posture of the driver. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle contraction at the shoulder and anthropometric variables when performing steering wheel task. Participants were recruited to perform multiple steering wheel actions. The surface elec...

Software sensors are playing an increasingly important role in current vehicle development. Such soft sensors can be based on both physical modeling and data-based modeling. Data-driven modeling is based on building a model purely on captured data which means that no system knowledge is required for the application. At the same time, hyperparameter...

This paper aims to assess the fatigue reliability of random loading signals of a suspension coil spring using probabilistic approaches. Strain time histories were acquired while the car was travelling on different road conditions (i.e., in a rural area, in an industrial area, on a university campus, on a highway and on a newly constructed road). Fa...

As the world's population grows and climate protection requirements increase, the demands on the agricultural industry are coming to a head. The agricultural industry must grow to meet the demand for food, but at the same time consider emissions of climate-relevant gases and animal welfare. Combining these requirements demands new efficient technol...

For the automated generation of simulation environments in the context of inland waterways navigation, a toolchain for the reconstruction of roadside buildings is used for the first time in this field. It was first implemented and tested for the reconstruction of roadside buildings. The toolchain uses data of a stereo camera to automatically genera...

This study aims to analyze the stress that occurred on the automotive coil spring made of SAE 5160 carbon steel due to various types of road surfaces. The 60-second strain signals measured on a coil spring of a car being driven on a flat, uphill, and downhill road surface were used as the loads in these dynamic analyses. The analysis results showed...

This paper discusses the feasibility of data captured in a long-term Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) for identification of vehicle dynamics. Driving data were captured for over a year. In this data capture, there was minimal effort to define or control everyday driving practices. While the use of real-world data for model parameter identification...

s The purpose of this study is to develop an acceleration-strain conversion model that considers torsional strain and spring curvature effects in inducing strain for a suspension coil spring. Measurements of strain–time histories at the coil spring are limited by complex geometry and insufficient workspace. This condition increases the demand for s...

Die Bestrebungen, die Treibhausgasemissionen zu senken, betreffen auch Hafenumschlaggeräte wie Terminaltraktoren. Dem flottenweiten Betrieb dieser mobilen Maschinen mit alternativen Kraftstoffen stehen oftmals Hemmnisse entgegen. Für eine realistische Einschätzung dieser Barrieren kann ein virtueller Flottenversuch angewandt werden. Die dafür notwe...

Considering automated driving, vehicle dynamics control systems are also a crucial aspect. Vehicle dynamics control systems serve as an important influence factor on safety and ride comfort. By reducing the driver’s responsibility through partially or fully automated driving functions, the occupants’ perception of safety and ride comfort changes. B...

This study aims to compute low-frequency energy with Hölder singularities in vibration signals of suspension system to predict the durability of coil spring. High frequencies in vibrations often had minimal contribution towards fatigue damage due to low amplitude range and thus induce errors in energy analysis of vibration signals. Since traditiona...

Driving in a simulator might induce stress because of the confrontation with new environments, dealing with new technologies, and experience with symptoms of simulator sickness, which, in turn, may influence individuals’ driving performance. The present study aims to provide a better understanding of the association between simulated environments a...

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden exemplarisch elektrische Steckkontakte aus einem Versuchsfahrzeug oberflächenanalytisch untersucht. Die untersuchten Steckkontakte waren in einem Versuch mechanischen, thermischen und korrosiven Einflüssen ausgesetzt. Der Fokus dieses Artikels wird auf oberflächenanalytische Methoden gelegt, um das Beanspruchungsbild...

Die fortschreitende Entwicklung hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen führt langfristig zu einer Steigerung der Verkehrssicherheit und -effizienz. Sowohl durch die Industrie als auch durch akademische Institutionen wurden in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl prototypischer Umsetzungen hochautomatisierter Fahrfunktionen vorgestellt. Für den Übergang zu...

A traffic simulation of the Jianghan Zone in Wuhan, China was carried out. In order to simulate genuine traffic flow without traditional hard-to-implement data collection methods, geographic population distribution data were gathered from the public information and traffic flow was generated by ActivityGen in SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility). Fo...

The paper describes the development of a real-time capable simulation model for a vehicle suspension using Neural Networks (NN). In addition to the simulation of the dynamics, the model also allows the real-time computation of the reaction forces acting in the joints. First, a highly accurate, object-oriented model is created, which provides the ne...

Die ambitionierten Klimaziele der Europäischen Union, die eine Klimaneutralität bis zum Jahre 2050 anstreben, erfordern strategische Maßnahmen, um den bestehenden Ausstoß klimaschädlicher Emissionen zu senken, (Europäische Europäische Kommission. (2018). Ein sauberer Planet für alle. Eine Europäische strategische, langfristige Vision für eine wohlh...

Für eine hochentwickelte Volkswirtschaft ist ein zuverlässiges und kostengünstiges Verkehrssystem eine wesentliche Grundlage. Dies gilt insbesondere für NRW mit seiner hohen Bevölkerungs- und Industriedichte. Die Binnenschifffahrt ist hierbei ein leistungsfähiger, klimafreundlicher und sicherer Verkehrsträger (Güterverkehr 2017, 2018).

Data-driven models are obtained purely from data without complex theoretical modeling and without explicit model knowledge. This results in black box models whose traceability and reliability constitute a major challenge. This contribution addressed this issue and presents a novel hybrid estimation method, which enhances the reliability of artifici...