Dieter Scholz

• Prof. Dr.-Ing.
• HAW Hamburg

A systematic and general investigation about box wing aircraft is conducted, including aerodynamic and performance characteristics. The design of a promising medium range box wing aircraft based on the Airbus A320 taken as reference aircraft is performed. The design is taken through the general steps in aircraft preliminary design. The fuel consump...

Passenger aircraft carries passenger with their baggage and often additional cargo over a certain distance or range. Passenger, baggage, and cargo are called payload because they generate revenue for the airline operating the aircraft for profit. An aircraft consists of major components. For a conventional aircraft these components are one fuselage...

Three simple equations are derived to define the “Intrinsic Aerodynamic Efficiency of Winglets” independent of the horizontal extension of the winglet and independent of the winglet’s (relative) height. This Intrinsic Aerodynamic Efficiency allows a quick comparison of purely the aerodynamic shape of winglets independent of the selected size chosen...

12 equations were investigated to calculate the relative thickness t/c of the wing of an aircraft. The calculated relative thickness was taken as the average relative thick-ness of the wing. The data obtained from these 12 equa-tions was checked against the given average relative thickness of 29 carefully selected aircraft, spanning a space of the...

The aim of this paper is to present a flutter analysis of a 3D Box-Wing Aircraft (BWA) configuration. The box wing structure is considered as consisting of two wings (front and rear wings) connected with a winglet. Plunge and pitch motions are considered for each wing and the winglet is modeled by a longitudinal spring. In order to exert the effect...

As new aircraft are being designed, optimization of the design parameters becomes necessary to decrease fuel costs and emissions and maximize profits. As opposed to trial-and-error where a design may go through several rounds of testing to improve efficiency, optimization algorithms can save time and effort when implemented properly. Optimization a...

Reducing unscheduled maintenance is important for aircraft operators. There are significant costs if flights must be delayed or cancelled, for example, if spares are not available and have to be shipped across the world. This thesis describes three methods of aircraft health condition monitoring and prediction; one for system monitoring, one for fo...

In this paper, the aeroelastic modeling and conceptual flutter analysis of a simple 2-D box wing is investigated. For each wing the torsion and bending elasticity is simulated by two torsional and longitudinal springs at its elastic axis. Furthermore, the connection winglet is simulated by a longitudinal spring. The aeroelastic governing equations...

This paper explains the Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool (PreSTo) developed at the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. From the different modules of PreSTo, PreSTo wing, and its sweep angle have been taken as the key feature to explain further. In order to figure out the necessary values for the double trapezoidal wing a loop has been created b...

This paper presents a novel concept for a highly efficient and ecological propeller-driven aircraft. The aircraft has a high wing, T-tail, and two turboprop engines with large propeller diameters decreasing disc loading and therefore increasing propeller efficiency. The aircraft also features a strut-braced wing with natural laminar flow. It is sho...

Unscheduled maintenance is a large cost driver for airlines, but condition monitoring and prognosis can reduce the number of unscheduled maintenance actions. This paper discusses how condition monitoring can be introduced into most systems by adopting a data-driven approach and using existing data sources. The goal is to forecast the remaining usef...

This work studies the characteristics of the aerodynamics design of a box wing aircraft (BWA) with the potential gain of aerodynamics efficiency. The first objective of this paper is to study how BWA planform geometric parameters affect the aerodynamics efficiency. This is carried out using literature data and vortex lattice program. The second obj...

Reliable sensors and information are required for reliable condition monitoring. Complex systems are commonly monitored by many sensors for health assessment and operation purposes. When one of the sensors fails, the current state of the system cannot be calculated in same reliable way or the information about the current state will not be complete...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of condition-based maintenance based on unscheduled maintenance delays that were caused by ATA chapter 21 (air conditioning). The goal is to show the introduction of condition monitoring in aircraft systems. --- Design/methodology/approach: The research was done using the Airbus In-Servic...

A novel nonplanar wing concept called C-Wing is studied and implemented on a commercial aircraft to reduce induced drag which has a significant effect on fuel consumption. A preliminary sizing method which employs an optimization algorithm is utilized. The Airbus A320 aircraft is used as a reference aircraft to evaluate design parameters and to inv...

There is much competition among the many scientific journals. Therefore, it is not easy for potential authors to select a suitable journal from those offered in a particular field. Considered here is the field of aerospace (aeronautics and astronautics). 40 journals are systematically selected for inclusion in the ranking. Journals are compared wit...

This paper conducts an investigation towards main aircraft cabin parameters. The aim is two-fold: First, a handbook method is used to preliminary design the aircraft cabin. Second, an objective function representing the "drag in the responsibility of the cabin" is created and optimized using both an analytical approach and a stochastic approach. Se...

This paper conducts an investigation towards main aircraft cabin parameters. The aim is two-fold: First, a handbook method is used to preliminary design the aircraft cabin. Second, an objective function representing the "drag in the responsibility of the cabin" is created and optimized using both an analytical approach and a stochastic approach. Se...

This paper presents a novel concept for a fast, lower flying, highly efficient and ecological propeller driven aircraft. The aircraft has a high wing, T-tail and 4 turboprop engines with large propeller diameters decreasing the disc loading and therefore increasing the propeller efficiency. The propeller blades have high sweep angles allowing high...

A reliable condition monitoring is needed to predict faults. Pattern recognition technologies are often used for finding patterns in complex systems. Condition monitoring can also benefit from pattern recognition. Many pattern recognition technologies, however, only output the classification of the data sample but do not output any information abou...

This paper identifies several meaningful business opportunity cases in the area of aircraft cabin conversion and refurbishing and predicts the market volume and the world distribution for each of them: 1) international cabins, 2) domestic cabins, 3) aircraft on operating lease, 4) freighter conversions and 5) VIP completions. This implies the deter...

This paper presents an extension to the Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool PreSTo which has been developed at the HAW Hamburg. The extension is called "PreSTo-Vis"; it bridges the gap between the mathematical sizing process and three-dimensional (3D) geometrical aircraft design. The core of this add-on to PreSTo is a universal aircraft surface model...

This article discusses the impacts of aviation on global climate change, and shows attempts by the aviation industry to mitigate those impacts by means of alternative fuels. Special respect in this paper is given to the use of hydrogen as aviation fuel. Examples of practical and theoretical research projects on the application of hydrogen are prese...

This paper presents the results of the joint aircraft design project "The Green Freighter" that dealt with the investigation of hydrogenfueled freighter aircraft. This included conventional as well as blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft designs. Within the scope of the project the Preliminary Aircraft Design and Optimization program PrADO was extended...

This paper systematically identifies and investigates ideas to improve ground handling operations and determines their influence on Direct Operating Costs (DOC). First, the importance of ground handling costs is highlighted and the ground handling operations carried out by low cost airlines are described. Then, the main possible features and airpla...

With respect to future trends in cabin design, this paper takes a close look at two problem areas that produce delays and reduce the time an aircraft is in the air. The first is related to unscheduled maintenance and the second is related to necessary cabin reconfigurations. Each of the two problem areas are analysed for time consumption and costs....

This paper presents the systems architecture of the Green Freighter, a new pilotless freighter aircraft. As no passengers or pilots will fly aboard this freighter aircraft, it is expected that many systems, particularly the environmental control system, could be modified or removed completely. Thus, the options for the new systems architecture will...

This paper introduces the Green Freighter project - a joint aircraft design research project with focus on the design and investigation of environmentally friendly and cost effective freighter aircraft. The project partners are the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW), the Institute of Aircraft Design and Lightweight Structures (IFL) of the...

Überblick über 5 ATA Kapitel der Systeme des A321/320 sowie eine kurze Einführung. ATA Kap.: 22;23;24;27;34

An Environmental Control System (ECS) in an aircraft ensures the correct air temperature and pressure for passengers and crew. The ECS development process requires the simulation of the ECS system functionality in order to find an optimum system configuration and to support sizing of components. FLECS, the "Functional Model Library of the Environme...

The effect of a Gurney flap in a compressor cascade model at low Reynolds number was investigated using tuft flow visualization in a water table facility. Although small in scale, water tables have the advantage of low cost and the ease with which test conditions can be varied. In this experiment, tuft flow visualization was used to determine the o...

Die praxisgerechte Unterstützung des Ingenieurs beim Entwurf von Flugsteuerungs- und Hydrauliksystemen - unter Einbeziehung des Computers - steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Ausgegangen wird von den Daten, die während des Flugzeugentwurfs für ein neues Flugzeugprojekt festgelegt wurden. Daraus werden die Anforderungen an das Flugsteuerungssystem...

Different types of aeroplanes (small / large, propeller / jet) require their own type of preliminary sizing method. One of theses methods differs only in a few but important aspects from the other. For the sake of efficient teaching of students and easy application in practice, the authors ask for the definition of a set of clearly defined step by...

Seevering 53 D-21629 Neu Wulmstorf ÜBERSICHT Die maximal von einer Steuerfläche geforderte Stellgeschwindig-digkeiten der Steuerflächen festgelegt basierend auf den Daten keit (Stellrate) ist ein wichtiger Parameter bei der Auslegung des Stellsystems (der Aktuatoren) der Steuerfläche; weiterhin wird die Auslegung der Energiesysteme des Flugzeugs du...

Aircraft systems have to integrate more and new functions. Self configuration is such a new function. With self configuration the aircraft cabin can be reconfigured faster than with the technologies that are used today. The cabin communication architecture can be adapted dynamically depending on the installed systems and the location and maintenanc...

With support from the European Commission, a new joint European postgraduate master programme for part time students is created. The programme awards a joint/double master degree at the end of the student's study period. Main partners in the programme are: Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, Katholieke Ho-geschool Brugge -Oostende and...

This paper introduces the structure and application of the Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool PreSTo. PreSTo has been developed by the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences and is based on the aircraft design lecture of Prof. Dr. Dieter Scholz. PreSTo supports the user in designing an aircraft based on user-defined requirements. It is especially use...

The present economical context shows a growing market for cabin related activities. This initiated the idea of an investi-gation into certification requirements with respect to cabin design and conversion. Background information for obtaining a Design Organization Approval from the responsible authority is presented. The Completion Center concept i...

A significant reduction in turnaround time and costs can be achieved by changing the condi-tions of critical turnaround processes through an adapted aircraft design. The considera-tion of foldable passenger seats together with a continuous cargo compartment yields into a shoulder wing aircraft configuration with en-gines at the tail. The resulting...

The development of innovative air conditioning systems for passenger aircrafts requires the application of dynamic simulation. FLECS, the "Functional Model Library of the Environmental Control System", was programmed to sup-port such development processes of environmental control systems (ECS). FLECS offers a library with generic mod-els from small...

Complex systems are commonly monitored by many sensors. When one of the sensors fails, the current state of the system can not be calculated or the information about the current state is not complete. For that reason sensor failures are one of the main error sources of a system. Thus sensors that deliver significant information about the system sta...

This paper describes the design and analysis of four different variants of a regional freighter aircraft on the basis of the ATR72 full freighter version. The variants differ in their type of propulsion system (jet/turboprop) as well as in the fuel they use (kerosene/hydrogen). The presented work has been performed within the scope of the joint air...