Dieter Cremer

• Dr. rer. nat.
• Professor at Southern Methodist University

In this work a new curvilinear coordinate system is presented for the comprehensive description of polytopal rearrangements of $N$-coordinate compounds ($N$ = 4-7) and systems containing an $N$-coordinate subunit. It is based on normal vibrational modes and a natural extension of the Cremer-Pople puckering coordinates (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1...

The local vibrational mode analysis, originally introduced by Konkoli and Cremer, provides a physically sound platform for a comprehensive analysis of calculated or measured vibrational spectra and for providing detailed insights into chemical bonding and other structural features. In this work, we summarize the essentials of the local vibrational...

The local vibrational mode analysis developed by Konkoli and Cremer has been successfully applied to characterize the intrinsic bond strength via local bond stretching force constants in molecular systems. A wealth of new insights into covalent bonding and weak chemical interactions ranging from hydrogen, halogen, pnicogen, chalcogen to tetrel bond...

This legacy article reviews the contributions of Dieter Cremer (1944‐2017) to the field of theoretical chemistry, highlighting his major accomplishments in method development and applied quantum chemistry, which has led to many advances in the field. His work reflects an extraordinary breadth and deep understanding of theory, which is needed to sol...

It is essential to understand the intrinsic stability of the gold-thiolate clusters, which present extensive potential applications in many fields such as the catalysis, biomedicines and molecular machines. The electronic structures and aromaticity indexes of a series of Aum(SH)n (m, n = 5–12) were comprehensively investigated through energetic, vi...

The Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase catalysed Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate is one of the few pericyclic processes in biology, and as such provides a rare opportunity for understanding how Nature promotes such rearrangements so successfully. The major focus of this work is on (i) Exploring the hypothesis that the mechanism o...

Utilizing the analytic derivative formalism for the Mössbauer isomer shift in connection with the Dirac-exact two-component Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (2c-NESC) method a new approach to the analytic calculation of the contact densities at the nuclei has been developed and implemented in the general purpose NESC programme. The new...

A set of 50 molecules with NF bonds was investigated to determine the factors that influence the strength of a NF bond, with the aim of designing a new class of fluorinating agents. The intrinsic bond strength of the NF bonds was used as bond strength measure, derived from local stretching NF force constants obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ and...

Normal vibrational modes are generally delocalized over the molecular system, which makes it difficult to assign certain vibrations to specific fragments or functional groups. We introduce a new approach, the Generalized Subsystem Vibrational Analysis (GSVA), to extract the Intrinsic Fragmental Vibrations of any fragment/subsystem from the whole sy...

Using catastrophe theory and the concept of a mutation path, an algorithm is developed that leads to the direct correlation of the normal vibrational modes of two structurally related molecules. The mutation path is defined by weighted incremental changes in mass and geometry of the molecules in question, which are successively applied to mutate a...

Boranes and carboranes form non-classical H-bonds with the π-face of an arene provided entropic factors are excluded, for example via a suitably designed template. The self-assembled Ir-dithiolene phosphine complexes of the type [Cp Ir(PR3)S2C2B10H10] (R = C6H4X, X = H, F, OMe) provide such a template. Steric crowding causes that one of the B-H bon...

The unified reaction valley approach (URVA) combined with the local mode, ring puckering and electron density analysis is applied to elucidate the mechanistic differences of the non-catalysed and the Au[I]-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl acetate. Using a dual-level approach (DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T)), th...

A novel approach is presented to assess chemical similarity based the local vibrational mode analysis developed by Konkoli and Cremer. The local mode frequency shifts are introduced as similarity descriptors which are sensitive to any electronic structure change. In this work, 59 different mono-substituted benzenes are compared. For a subset of 43...

Utilizing all-electron Dirac-exact relativistic calculations with the Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (NESC) method and the local vibrational mode approach, the transition from metal-halide to metal halogen bonding is determined for Au-complexes interacting with halogen-donors. The local stretching force constants of the metal-halogen...

A new method for calculating nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants of relativistic atoms based on the two-component (2c), spin-orbit coupling including Dirac-exact NESC (Normalized Elimination of the Small Component) approach is developed where each term of the diamagnetic and paramagnetic contribution to the isotropic shielding constant σ...

A total of 202 halogen-bonded complexes have been studied using a dual-level approach: ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ was used to determine geometries, natural bond order charges, charge transfer, dipole moments, electron and energy density distributions, vibrational frequencies, local stretching force constants, and relative bond strength orders n. The accura...

The properties of liquid water are intimately related to the H-bond network among the individual water molecules. Utilizing vibrational spectroscopy and modeling water with DFT-optimized water clusters (6-mers and 50-mers), 16 out of a possible 36 different types of H-bonds are identified and ordered according to their intrinsic strength. The stron...

36 halogen-bonded complexes YXARm (X: F, Cl, Br; Y: donor group; ARm acceptor group) have been investigated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Binding energies, geometries, NBO charges, charge transfer, dipole moments, electrostatic potential, electron and energy density distributions, difference density distributions, vibrational frequenc...

The analytical energy gradient and Hessian of the two-component Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (2c-NESC) method with regard to the components of the electric field are derived and used to calculate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) corrected dipole moments and dipole polarizabilities of molecules, which contain elements with high atomic numb...

The reaction mechanism of the cycloaddition of ten 1,3-dipoles with the two dipolarphiles ethene and acetylene is investigated and compared using the unified reaction valley approach (URVA) in a new form, which is based on a dual level strategy, an accurate description of the reaction valley far out into the van der Waals region, and a comparative...

Vibrational frequencies can be measured and calculated with high precision. Therefore, they are excellent tools for analyzing the electronic structure of a molecule. In this connection, the properties of the local vibrational modes of a molecule are best suited. A new procedure is described, which utilizes local CC stretching force constants to der...

β-Hydride eliminations for ethylgold(III) dichloride complexes are identified as reactions with an unusually long prechemical stage corresponding to the conformational preparation of the reaction complex and spanning six phases. The prechemical process is characterized by a geared rotation of the L-Au-L group (L = Cl) driving methyl group rotation...

The description of protein structure by its backbone is a well-accepted concept. This chapter describes the possibilities of protein structure analysis when using coarse graining and describing the protein backbone as a smooth line in 3D space rather than a collection of discrete backbone points. The natural choice for the anchor points leading to...

This small modest molecule has been the subject of a lot of attention over the past years as to what the bonding situation is between these two atoms, as can be seen from the selection of references given here [1–8]. To put it in very simple terms, there appear two main theories—a quadruple bond and not a quadruple bond (in fact somewhere in betwee...

For the first time, nonclassical H-bonding involving a B-H···π interaction is described utilizing both quantum chemical predictions and experimental realization. In the gas phase, a B-H···π H-bond is observed in either B2H6···benzene (ΔE = -5.07 kcal/mol) or carborane···benzene (ΔE = -3.94 kcal/mol) complex at reduced temperatures. Ir-dimercapto-ca...

The Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-butadiene and ethene is investigated from far-out in the entrance channel to the very last step in the exit channel thus passing two bifurcation points and extending the range of the reaction valley studied with URVA (Unified Reaction Valley Approach) by 300% compared to previous studies. For the first time, the...

The intrinsic bond strength of C2 in its (1) Σg (+) ground state is determined from its stretching force constant utilizing MR-CISD+Q(8,8), MR-AQCC(8,8), and single-determinant coupled cluster calculations with triple and quadruple excitations. By referencing the CC stretching force constant to its local counterparts of ethane, ethylene, and acetyl...

The Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) used for a detailed mechanistic analysis of chemical reactions is improved in three different ways: i) Direction and curvature of path are analyzed in terms of internal coordinate components that do no longer depend on local vibrational modes. In this way, the path analysis is no longer sensitive to path...

The ongoing controversy whether cyclization reactions of conjugated allenes or ketenes follow a pericyclic or a pseudopericyclic mechanism has triggered dozens of investigations, which have led to new valuable synthetic routes. In this work, the mechanism of ten representative cyclization reactions of hepta-1,2,4,6-tetraenes with different terminal...

A set of 42 molecules with N-F, O-F, N-Cl, P-F, and As-F bonds has been investigated in the search for potential bond anomalies, which lead to reverse bond length-bond strength (BLBS) relationships. The intrinsic strength of each bond investigated has been determined by the local stretching force constant obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level o...

Bond anomalies have been investigated for a set of 53 molecules with either N-F, Ti-P, Cr-H, Pb-C, or Pb-F bonds for which reverse rather than inverse bond length-bond strength relationships have been previously claimed. The intrinsic strength of each bond investigated was determined utilizing the associated local stretching force constant obtained...

The analytical gradient for the two-component Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (2c-NESC) method is presented. The 2c-NESC is a Dirac-exact method that employs the exact two-component one-electron Hamiltonian and thus leads to exact Dirac spin-orbit (SO) splittings for one-electron atoms. For many-electron atoms and molecules, the effec...

Extensive quantum chemical calculations involving more than 20 different methods and including vibrational, temperature, entropic, and environmental corrections suggest that 11,11-dimethyl-1,6-methano[10]annulene (\textbf{1}) is characterized by a broad, asymmetric single well potential minimum in which the molecule can carry out a large amplitude...

The conformational landscape and ring-puckering properties of ε-caprolactone have been analyzed by using microwave spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Two conformers were detected in a supersonic jet expansion, the most stable form being a chair containing the ester group in its rectangular flap. This conformation benefits from reduced...

A set of 36 pnicogen homo- and heterodimers, R3E···ER3 and R3E···E′R3′, involving differently substituted group Va elements E = N, P, and As has been investigated at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory to determine the strength of the pnicogen bond with the help of the local E···E′ stretching force constants ka. The latter are directly related...

Dirac‐exact relativistic methods, i.e., 2‐ or 1‐component methods which exactly reproduce the one‐electron energies of the original 4‐component Dirac method, have established a standard for reliable relativistic quantum chemical calculations targeting medium‐ and large‐sized molecules. Their development was initiated and facilitated in the late 199...

The carbon—halogen and carbon—chalcogen bonding of 84 molecules was investigated utilizing local vibrational modes calculated at the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory including anharmonicity corrections in all cases. The relative bond strength order of each CX or CE bond (X = F, Cl; E = O, S) was derived from the local CX or CE stretching force consta...

The normalized elimination of the small component method is a first principles two-component relativistic approach that leads to the Dirac-exact description of one-electron systems. Therefore, it is an ideal starting point for developing procedures, by which first- and second-order response properties can be routinely calculated. We present algorit...

Enediynes undergo a Bergman cyclization reaction to form the labile 1,4‐didehy‐drobenzene ( p‐ benzyne) biradical. The energetics of this reaction and the related Schreiner–Pascal reaction as well as that of the Myers–Saito and Schmittel reactions of enyne‐allenes are discussed on the basis of a variety of quantum chemical and available experimenta...

Combination of the dithiol N,N'-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide, abbreviated as BDTH2 and as 1, with excess H2SeO3 in aqueous acidic (pH ≈ 1) conditions resulted in precipitation of BDT(S-Se-S) (6), with a (77)Se NMR chemical shift of δ = 675 ppm, and oxidized BDT. When the reaction is conducted under basic conditions Se(IV) is reduced to red Se...

For the local (adiabatic) vibrational modes of Konkoli and Cremer (Int J Quantum Chem 67:29–40, 1998), infrared intensities are derived by setting up the appropriate adiabatic conditions. It is shown that the local mode intensities are independent of the coordinates used to describe a molecule and correctly reflect the molecular symmetry and isotop...

The formic acid dimer in its C2h-symmetrical cyclic form is stabilized by two equivalent H-bonds. The currently accepted interaction energy is 18.75 kcal/mol whereas the experimental binding energy D0 value is only 14.22 ±0.12 kcal/mol [F. Kollipost, R. W. Larsen, A. V. Domanskaya, M. Nörenberg, and M. A. Suhm, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 151101 (2012)]. C...

CX ( X = F, Cl, Br, I) and CE bonding (E = O, S, Se, Te) was investigated for a test set of 168 molecules using the local CX and CE stretching force constants $k^a$ calculated at the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The stretching force constants were used to derive a relative bond strength order (RBSO) parameter $n$. As alternative bond strength de...

The water dimer and its 11 deuterated isotopomers are investigated utilizing coupled cluster theory and experimental data as input for a perturbational determination of the isotopomer frequencies. Deuterium substitution reduces the H-bond stretching frequency by maximally 12 cm–1 from 143 to 131 cm–1, which makes a spectroscopic differentiation of...

Curvilinear coordinates are used to describe the molecular geometry and the pseudo-Jahn–Teller surface of F-substituted cyclopropane radical cations using the equation-of-motion coupled cluster EOMIP-CCSD/cc-pVTZ approach. The monofluoro derivative 2 undergoes bond pseudolibration (incomplete bond pseudorotation) between two symmetry-equivalent bir...

Tolman's electronic parameter (TEP) derived from the A1-symmetrical CO stretching frequency of nickel-phosphine-tricarbonyl complexes, R3PNi(CO)3, is brought to a new, improved level by replacing normal with local vibrational frequencies. CO normal vibrational frequencies are always flawed by mode-mode coupling especially with metal-carbon stretchi...

A new approach is presented to determine π-delocalization and the degree of aromaticity utilizing measured vibrational frequencies. For this purpose, a perturbation approach is used to derive vibrational force constants from experimental frequencies and calculated normal mode vectors. The latter are used to determine the local counterparts of the v...

The unified reaction valley approach (URVA) is used in connection with a dual-level approach to describe the mechanism of ten different cycloadditions of 1,3-dipoles XYZ (diazonium betaines, nitrilium betaines, azomethines, and nitryl hydride) to acetylene utilizing density functional theory for the URVA calculations and CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ for...

Configuration interaction (CI) theory has dominated the first 50 years of quantum chemistry before it was replaced by many‐body perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory. However, even today it plays an important role in the education of everybody who wants to enter the realm of quantum chemistry. Apart from this, full CI is the method of choi...

By increasing the effective electronegativity of two atoms forming a triple bond, the strength of the latter can be increased. The strongest bonds found in chemistry involve protonated species of hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and dinitrogen. CCSD(T)/CBS (complete basis set) and G4 calculations reveal that bond dissociation energies are mislead...

A new algorithm for the two-component Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (2cNESC) method is presented and tested in the calculation of spin-orbit (SO) splittings for a series of heavy atoms and their molecules. The 2cNESC is a Dirac-exact method that employs the exact two-component one-electron Hamiltonian and thus leads to exact Dirac S...

The 24 normal and 24 local vibrational modes of the formic acid dimer formed by two trans formic acid monomers to a ring (TT1) are analysed utilising preferentially experimental frequencies, but also CCSD(T)/CBS and ωB97X-D harmonic vibrational frequencies. The local hydrogen bond (HB) stretching frequencies are at 676 cm−1 and by this 482 and 412...

A new method, dubbed "HAXIS" is introduced to describe local and global shape properties of a protein helix via its axis. HAXIS is based on coarse-graining and spline-fitting of the helix backbone. At each Cα anchor point of the backbone, a Frenet frame is calculated, which directly provides the local vector presentation of the helix. After cubic s...

1,3-Benzenediamidoethanethiolatemercury [BDT-Hg or BD(S)-Hg] and its derivatives are investigated utilizing the Dirac exact relativistic normalized elimination of the small component method in connection with B3LYP, CCSD(T), and polarizable continuum calculations. It is shown that the chelating energy of BDT-Hg can be significantly increased by rep...

Chiral discrimination of homochiral and heterochiral H-bonded complexes is a challenge for both experimentalists and computational chemists. It is demonstrated that a two-pronged approach based on far-infrared vibrational spectroscopy and the calculation of local mode frequencies facilitates the chiral discrimination of H-bonded dimers. The local H...

The normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method is a first principles 2-component relativistic approach that leads to the Dirac-exact description of one-electron systems. It is a powerful method to routinely investigate chemical and physical properties of molecules containing relativistic atoms. The vibrational modes of mercury hali...

The normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method is a Dirac-exact relativistic method that leads to reliable first order response properties such as contact densities, Mössbauer shifts, electric field gradients, quadrupole coupling constants, or hyperfine structure constants for heavy atoms. In this review, the calculation of these h...

Local vibrational modes can be directly derived from normal vibrational modes using the method of Konkoli and Cremer (Int J Quant Chem 67:29, 1998). This implies the calculation of the harmonic force constant matrix F ( q ) (expressed in internal coordinates q) from the corresponding Cartesian force constant matrix f ( x ) with the help of the tran...

Local and normal vibrational modes of the water dimer are calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. The local H-bond stretching frequency is 528 cm−1 compared to a normal mode stretching frequency of just 143 cm−1. The adiabatic connection scheme between local and normal vibrational modes reveals that the lowering is due to mass coupling, a ch...

Multireference averaged quadratic coupled cluster (MRAQCC) (4,5)/cc‐pVTZ calculations predict that bond pseudorotation (BPR) in the first excited singlet state of the cyclopentadienyl cation (CPC) proceeds with a barrier of just 0.35 kcal/mol, where five dienylic forms present the minima and five allylic forms the transition states of the pseudorot...

High-level ab initio calculations of the NESC/SOC/CCSD(T)/cc-pV5Z type (NESC, Normalized Elimination of the Small Component; SOC, spin–orbit coupling corrections using the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian) are employed to determine the energetics of the 18 hydrogenation reactions XHn + H2 → XHn+1 + H with X = F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, C,...

The dependence of the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCC) on the interaction between electrons and a nucleus of finite size is theoretically analyzed. A deviation of the ratio of the NQCCs obtained from two different isotopomers of a molecule from the ratio of the corresponding bare nuclear electric quadrupole moments, known as quadrupole...

Local stretching modes for 69 different DH single bonds and 58 H···A H‐bonds are calculated at the ωB97X‐D/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory to describe the changes in donor D and acceptor A upon forming the hydrogen‐bonded complex. The intrinsic strength of the DH and AH interactions is determined utilizing the properties of a well‐defined set of local,...

Analytic second derivatives of the relativistic energy for the calculation of electric response properties are derived utilizing the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method. Explicit formulas are given for electric static dipole polarizabilities and infrared intensities by starting at the NESC representation of electric dipole m...

Information on the electronic structure of a molecule and its chemical bonds is encoded in the molecular normal vibrational modes. However, normal vibrational modes result from a coupling of local vibrational modes, which means that only the latter can provide detailed insight into bonding and other structural features. In this work, it is proven t...

Based on the analytic derivatives formalism for the spin-free normalized elimination of the small component method, a new computational scheme for the calculation of the electric field gradient at the atomic nuclei was developed and presented. The new computational scheme was tested by the calculation of the electric field gradient at the mercury n...

Analytical second derivatives for the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method are derived for the first time and implemented for the routine calculation of NESC vibrational frequencies and other second order molecular properties using the scalar relativistic form of NESC. Using response theory, the second derivatives of the tran...

Based on the normalized elimination of the small component relativistic formalism, a new approach to the calculation of hyperfine structure parameters of paramagnetic molecules is developed and implemented. The new method is tested in the calculation of the isotropic hyperfine structure constant for a series of open-shell molecules containing mercu...

The analytic linear response formalism for the calculation of the effective contact densities ρ̅ in the context of the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method is developed and implemented. The formalism is tested for the calculation of contact densities and contact density differences in a series of mercury cations and mercury-c...

A new algorithm for the iterative solution of the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method is presented that is less costly than previous algorithms and that is based on (1) solving the NESC equations for the uncontracted rather than contracted basis (“First-Diagonalize-then-Contract”), (2) a new iterative procedure for obtaining...

A new method is presented to describe deformations of an N-membered planar ring (N-ring) molecule in terms of deformation vectors that can be expressed by a set of 2N-3 deformation amplitudes and phase angles. The deformation coordinates are directly derived from the normal vibrational modes of the N-ring and referenced to a regular polygon (N-gon)...

The development of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MPPT) has seen four different periods in almost 80 years. In the first 40 years (period 1), MPPT was largely ignored because the focus of quantum chemists was on variational methods. After the development of many‐body perturbation theory by theoretical physicists in the 1950s and 1960s, a secon...

The analytical energy gradient of the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC) method is derived for the first time and implemented for the routine calculation of NESC geometries and other first order molecular properties. Essential for the derivation is the correct calculation of the transformation matrix U relating the small component...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

In the last 90 years, hundreds of investigations have focused on establishing empirical relationships between bond length r and bond stretching frequency ω or bond stretching force constant k. An overview over the 67 most important investigations is presented where Badger-type relationships that emerge from these studies as the most successful ones...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The chelotropic addition reaction (1): singlet vinylidene + acetylene → methylenecyclopropene (MCP), was investigated using different levels of theory (B3LYP, CASSCF, CCSD(T), G2M) and different basis sets (6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311++G(3df,3pd), cc-pVTZ). The concerted reaction is spontaneous at room temperature (activation enthalpy of 3 kcal ...

The vibrational motions of a molecule in its equilibrium or during a chemical reaction provide a wealth of information about its structure, stability, and reactivity. This information is hidden in measured vibrational frequencies and intensities, however can be unraveled by utilizing quantum chemical tools and applying the Cal-X methods in form Vib...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Die Quantenchemie hat sich während der beiden letzten Jahrzehnte zu einem der wichtigsten Teilgebiete der Theoretischen Chemie entwickelt.1) Ursachen dafür sind die ständige Verbesserung quantenchemischer Methoden und vor allem die atemberaubende Weiterentwicklung von Hochleistungscomputern.

Computational approaches to understanding chemical reaction mechanisms generally begin by establishing the relative energies of the starting materials, transition state, and products, that is, the stationary points on the potential energy surface of the reaction complex. Examining the intervening species via the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC)...

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.