Diego Gracia

What does autonomy mean from a moral point of view? Throughout Western history, autonomy has had no less than four different meanings. The first is political: the capacity of old cities and modern states to give themselves their own laws. The second is metaphysical, and was introduced by Kant in the second half of the 18th century. In this meaning,...

Bioethics has been and continues to be an American movement. It would be difficult to successfully transfer its propositions, unchanged, to other countries, even to those with very similar economic, social, and cultural conditions, such as European countries in general and those of Latin or Mediterranean Europe in particular (Drane 1988; Gracia 199...

Since the foundation of the first Academy by Plato the year 338 b.C. until now, Academies have gone through different periods. The first covered the centuries between Plato and the Renaissance. During this time, Academies were understood as centers for the culture of Humanities. At the beginning of the 17th Century a new period began, with Academie...

The birth of bioethics in Spain—and the rest of Europe—has not necessarily been a replication of what happened in North America, despite the arguments made by a number of mainstream American authors. From a European perspective, this thesis looks incomplete at best, if not entirely erroneous. Let us see why.

The educator, teacher or professor, is the person who forms, while encouraging to extract from one¿s interior the finest that each carries within. This can be achieved neither by imposition nor by simply informing, but as Socrates did, through reasoning, engaging in dialogue and reflection, thus requiring that the educator become one with the subje...

Durante las últimas décadas ha tenido lugar un amplio debate sobre las profesiones en general, y sobre la profesión médica en particular. La idea clásica de que los profesionales se rigen por una «moralidad especial» distinta de la moralidad común, que entre otras cosas les dota de impunidad jurídica, ha entrado en crisis. Esto ha producido un gran...

During the last decades, an important debate about professions in general, and particularly about the medical profession, has taken place. The classic idea that professionals do have a "special mora lity", different from the common morality, which among other things give them legal impunity, came to a head. This causes a great deal of confusion amo...

Physicians and psychiatrists have been discussing through centuries about the madness of Don Quixote. The first in doing that was Philippe Pinel, followed immediately by many others. They all agreed in diagnosing Don Quixote as "monomaniac". Cervantes was considered an excellent "nosographer", and the novel a paradigmatic description of this mental...

On October 27th 1553, the physician and religious reformer Miguel Servet was burnt at stake. The 450th anniversary of his death took place, therefore, a few months ago. This is a fact which deserves being taken into account, not only because of the importance of the individual, but also, and mainly, because during the last years some important hist...

During the last thirty years different methods have been proposed in order to manage and resolve ethical quandaries, specially in the clinical setting. Some of these methodologies are based on the principles of Decision-making theory. Others looked to other philosophical traditions, like Principlism, Hermeneutics, Narrativism, Casuistry, Pragmatism...

Resumen: Los seres humanos son respetables porque son seres humanos, no porque tengan los mismos valores o compartan las mismas creencias. Una nueva generación de derechos humanos conlleva necesariamente a un nuevo proceso de legitimación de las instituciones políticas. Es el tema de "democracia y bioética". La vida se encuentra amenazada y de ahí...

The discussions of these past twenty years have significantly improved our knowledge about the foundation of bioethics and the meaning of the four bioethical principles with concern to at least three different points: that they are organised hierarchically, and therefore not "prima facie" of the same level; that they have exceptions, and consequent...

The essay by Kevin Wildes “Conserving Life and Conserving Means: Lead us not into Temptation” is a good explanation of the classical theory of the ordinary and the extraordinary means. It is not frequent to find a correct explanation of this doctrine. If we take a look at the classical manuals of moral theology, we can realize that this doctrine ha...

Today the Western world harbors, at least, three very different ethical traditions, each with its own characteristics: the Anglo-Saxon, the Northern (or Central) European, and the Mediterranean. Because modern bioethics made its appearance in the Anglo-American culture, Europeans in general, and Mediterraneans in particular, have attempted not simp...

The approach to illness for the ancient people of Israel, as for all archaic Semitic peoples, is of an ethico-religious nature since these peoples view illness, as the consequence of sin. Hence the search for the cause of illness, the “etiological diagnosis”, is carried out by means of a systematic inquiry into the moral precept that has been trans...

This is one in a series of four country reports published together in the Hastings Center Report. Gracia, a bioethicist, compares health care policy before and after Franco's dictatorship. Under Franco, compulsory health insurance was enacted, and modern hospitals were built at the expense of primary services. Patient care was governed by the princ...

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El autor expone la doctrina del filósofo español Xavier Zubiri (1898-1983), en dos etapas: en la primera, plantea la gestación y desarrollo de su pensamiento filosófico y en el segundo, aborda el aporte sistemático de su filosofía primera, como filosofía radical de la realidad.

Los autores abordan de manera general el pensamiento del filósofo español Xavier Zubiri (1898-1983), su aporte en el rompimiento con el dualismo clásico realismo-idealismo, y el análisis a una de sus obras póstumas Sobre el sentimiento y la volición. Contenido: Zubiri en la filosofía contemporánea; El sentimiento, la voluntad, el mal.

Estudio que desarrolla los fundamentos morales aplicados al ámbito de la clínica médica desde una doble perspectiva: histórica y sistemática. La primera, analiza los aportes de la tradición médica, jurídica y política para discernir los criterios éticos; la segunda, aborda los métodos de la bioética y plantea los elementos de bioderecho para susten...

Sumario: Jurisprudencia y Lex Artis -- Jurisprudencia penal y Lex Artis médica -- La responsabilidad civil médica -- Sistemas de cobertura de riesgo -- La responsabilidad por daños derivados de la asistencia sanitaria -- Responsabilidad de los médicos y responsabilidad de la administración sanitaria (algunas reflexiones de las funciones actuales de...

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