Diego Dreossi

Diego Dreossi
Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. · SYRMEP

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144
Publications
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Publications

Publications (144)
Article
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) techniques are sensitive to refraction (differential-phase) and small-angle X-ray scattering (dark-field) signals, not measurable with conventional absorption imaging techniques. Among XPCI techniques, edge illumination (EI), grating interferometry (GI), and speckle-based imaging (SBI) make use of wavefront marke...
Article
Full-text available
Paleoarchean stromatwolites are among the oldest compelling evidence for life. We present advanced two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) reconstructions of the morphology, mineralogy, trace element geochemistry, and taphonomy of permineralized stromatolites from the lowermost horizons of the ca. 3.5 Ga Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Austral...
Article
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Here we present the specifications and capabilities of the SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) beamline of the Italian Synchrotron “Elettra” in Trieste. SYRMEP was designed to provide X-ray imaging in an energy range that fits both biomedical research and clinical applications on patients. Additionally, SYRMEP covers a spatial resolu...
Article
X-ray Photon Counting Detectors (XPCDs) with thick semiconductor sensors and small pixel sizes suffer from a charge-sharing effect which can induce multiple counts from a single interacting photon. This issue degrades not only the energy resolution, but it also worsens the spatial resolution. Multiple counts can be removed by acting on the discrimi...
Article
Full-text available
In this study we demonstrate the first direct comparison between synchrotron x-ray propagation-based CT (PB-CT) and cone-beam breast-CT (CB-CT) on human mastectomy specimens (N = 12) including different benign and malignant lesions. The image quality and diagnostic power of the obtained data sets were compared and judged by two independent expert r...
Chapter
X-ray spectral computed microtomography (µ-CT) has gained considerable interest in recent years thanks to the development of Photon Counting X-ray Detectors (PCXDs). Through the energy-based discrimination of the photons, obtained by setting up the discriminator threshold at different levels, PCXDs allow measuring photon energies with an accuracy a...
Article
Thanks to their high detection efficiency and low intrinsic noise, direct conversion X-ray Photon Counting Detectors (XPCDs) are particularly suitable for low dose imaging applications such as mammography. The photon counting technology can implement also two or more acquisition thresholds to perform single-shot spectral imaging with one polychroma...
Article
White Beam Differential Phase and Dark Field Imaging at High Resolution - Volume 24 Supplement - M Endrizzi, GK Kallon, L Brombal, D Dreossi, A Olivo
Article
Synchrotron-Based X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography for Breast Cancer Imaging - Volume 24 Supplement - T.E. Gureyev, P. Baran, S. Pacile, Y.I. Nesterets, S.C. Mayo, M. Dimmock, C. Dullin, D. Dreossi, F. Arfelli, B. Arhatari, D. Thompson, D. Lockie, M. McCormack, J. Fox, Z. Prodanovic, S.T. Taba, S.J. Lewis, C. Hall, D. Hausermann, F. Zanconati, M. Ch...
Article
SYRMA-3D (SYnchrotron Radiation MAmmography 3D) aims to develop a breast CT system based on monochromatic synchrotron radiation and a single photon counting detector (PIXIRAD-8) with CdTe sensor. Due to the demanding requests on high contrast resolution and low dose, images in breast CT are particularly sensitive to small imperfections of the flat...
Article
We present the implementation of a CT iterative reconstruction strategy developed within the SYRMA-CT project for in vivo phase-contrast CT of uncompressed breast, ongoing at the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility (Trieste, Italy). Propagation-based phase-contrast imaging exploits the high spatial coherence of the monoenergetic laminar X-ray be...
Article
Full-text available
X-ray phase contrast imaging arises from changes of the propagation direction of the radiant wave field when traversing the object and it can yield higher contrast for soft tissues than conventional x-ray radiology based on attenuation. Commonly intermediate steps are required to transform wave front modulations into intensity modulations measurabl...
Article
Full-text available
We present a multi-aperture analyser set-up for performing X-ray phase contrast imaging in planar and three-dimensional modalities. A multi-slice representation of the sample is used to establish a quantitative relation between projection images and the corresponding three-dimensional distributions, leading to successful tomographic reconstruction....
Preprint
Full-text available
We present a multi-aperture analyser set-up for performing X-ray phase contrast imaging in planar and three-dimensional modalities. A multi-slice representation of the sample is used to establish a quantitative relation between projection images and the corresponding three-dimensional distributions, leading to successful tomographic reconstruction....
Article
The SYRMA-CT project aims to set-up the first clinical trial of phase-contrast breast Computed Tomography with synchrotron radiation at the SYRMEP beamline of Elettra, the Italian synchrotron light source. The challenge in a dedicated breast CT is to match a high spatial resolution with a low dose level. In order to fulfil these requirements, the S...
Conference Paper
Introduction The first clinical trial of phase-contrast mammography with monochromatic beam was performed at Elettra, the Italian Synchrotron Radiation facility. A lower Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) and a higher specificity were achieved compared to the digital mammography for the patient cohort (more than 70). Purpose The SYRMA-CT project (SYnchrotr...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of the SYRMA-CT collaboration is to set-up the first clinical trial of phase-contrast breast CT with synchrotron radiation (SR). In order to combine high image quality and low delivered dose a number of innovative elements are merged: a CdTe single photon counting detector, state-of-the-art CT reconstruction and phase retrieval algorithms....
Article
A group of Neolithic potsherds fromcaves of the Trieste Karst (northeastern Italy) belonging to the Vlaška Group has been studied through a multi-analytical approach mainly based on non-destructive X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) and portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM) to investi...
Article
Full-text available
Results are presented of a feasibility study of three-dimensional X-ray tomographic mammography utilising in-line phase contrast. Experiments were performed at SYRMEP beamline of Elettra synchrotron. A specially designed plastic phantom and a mastectomy sample containing a malignant lesion were used to study the reconstructed image quality as a fun...
Article
Full-text available
In the framework of an ongoing project, promoted by INFN, at the SYRMEP beamline of the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility (Trieste, Italy) for phase-contrast breast X-ray computed tomography, the assessment of the dose to the breast is one of the issues, requiring the determination of the distribution of X-ray incident photon fluence. This wor...
Article
Full-text available
This work presents the first study of x-ray phase contrast imaging based on a simple implementation of the edge illumination method (EIXPCi) in the field of mammography with synchrotron radiation. A simplified EIXPCi set-up was utilized to study a possible application in mammography at clinical doses. Moreover, through a novel algorithm capable of...
Article
The SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) beamline at Elettra is performing the first mammography study on human patients using free-space propagation phase contrast imaging. The stricter spatial resolution requirements of this method currently force the use of conventional films or specialized computed radiography (CR) systems. This a...
Article
Full-text available
X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging (XPCI) has been arguably the hottest topic in X-ray imaging research over the last two decades, due to the significant advantages it can bring to medicine, biology, material science and many other areas of application. Considerable progress has recently been achieved, in terms of the first in vivo implementations at syn...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This article discusses two experimental setups of edge illumination (EI) x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCi) as well as the theory that is required to reconstruct quantitative tomographic maps using established methods, e.g. filtered back projection (FBP). Tomographic EI XPCi provides the option to reconstruct volumetric maps of different physical...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The main advantage of Bragg reflection from a multilayer mirror as a monochromator for hard X-rays, is the higher photon flux density because of the larger spectral bandpass compared with crystal lattice reflection. The main disadvantage lies in the strong modulations of the reflected beam profile. This is a major issue for micro-imaging applicatio...
Article
Full-text available
Charge sharing plays an important role in the performance of single-photon counting microstrip detectors, since the comparator threshold defines the effective pixel width. In this contribution, the PICASSO (Phase Imaging for Clinical Application with Silicon detector and Synchrotron radiatiOn) single-photon counting microstrip detector oriented in...
Article
Full-text available
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCi) methods are sensitive to phase in addition to attenuation effects and, therefore, can achieve improved image contrast for weakly attenuating materials, such as often encountered in biomedical applications. Several XPCi methods exist, most of which have already been implemented in computed tomographic (CT) modalit...
Article
Full-text available
The first clinical study of phase-contrast mammography (PCM) with synchrotron radiation was carried out at the Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics beamline of the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility in Trieste (Italy) in 2006-2009. The study involved 71 patients with unresolved breast abnormalities after conventional digital mammography an...
Article
Full-text available
Computed x-ray phase contrast micro-tomography is the most valuable tool for a three dimensional (3D) and non destructive analysis of the tissue engineered bone morphology. We used a Talbot interferometer installed at SYRMEP beamline of the ELETTRA synchrotron (Trieste, Italy) for a precise 3D reconstruction of both bone and soft connective tissue,...
Article
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The description of a Neanderthal hyoid from Kebara Cave (Israel) in 1989 fuelled scientific debate on the evolution of speech and complex language. Gross anatomy of the Kebara 2 hyoid differs little from that of modern humans. However, whether Homo neanderthalensis could use speech or complex language remains controversial. Similarity in overall sh...
Article
Full-text available
Computed x-ray phase contrast micro-tomography is the most valuable tool for a three dimensional (3D) and non destructive analysis of the tissue engineered bone morphology. We used a Talbot interferometer installed at SYRMEP beamline of the ELETTRA synchrotron (Trieste, Italy) for a precise 3D reconstruction of both bone and soft connective tissue,...
Article
Full-text available
Digital detectors based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) technology have been introduced recently in many scientific applications. This work is focused on the X-ray performance evaluation of a novel CMOS APS detector in low energy medical imaging applications using monochromatic synchrotron radiation (i.e...
Article
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We derive a Fourier formulation of coded-aperture x-ray phase-contrast imaging, based on the wave theory of optics in the Fresnel approximation. We use this model to develop a flexible, efficient, and general simulation algorithm that can be easily adapted to other implementations of x-ray phase contrast imaging. Likewise, the algorithm enables a s...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Microtomographic (μ-CT) experiments can be performed in the so-called Propagation Based Imaging (PBI) modality by using a sufficiently coherent X-ray beam, such as the one obtained at e.g. third generation synchrotron laboratories or at enhanced liquid-metal-jet-anode micro focus facilities. Then, a quantitative relationship exists between the phas...
Conference Paper
The presence of ring artifacts in X-ray computed microtomography affects the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reconstructed images. Although digital image processing approaches to ring artifacts removal via direct filtering of the reconstructed images exist, in synchrotron radiation microtomography this issue is usually faced during the...
Article
Full-text available
Over the last decade different phase contrast approaches have been exploited at the medical beamline SYRMEP of the synchrotron radiation facility Elettra in Trieste, Italy. In particular special focus has been drawn to analyzer based imaging and the associated imaging theory and processing. Analyzer based Imaging (ABI) and Diffraction Enhanced Imag...
Conference Paper
The X-ray computed tomography has been applied here to inspect the internal features of two types of ground-wall insulation systems of ac rotating machines. Samples extracted from complete coils were scanned and their internal structure was analyzed by means of virtual slicing and 3D rendering procedures. Specialized software tools have been used t...
Article
A set of portable/transportable X-ray analytical instruments based on radiography, microtomography, fluorescence and diffraction have been built and are being operated at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLAB) of the ‘Abdus Salam’ International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in collaboration with Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste. This is part of...
Conference Paper
298 limited, most investigations associate the presence of increased complexity as a compensatory mechanism for increased masticatory or paramasticatory activity. Owing to methodological difficulties and sampling limitations of in vivo study, stress and strain within and around sutures are usually characterized through theoretical approaches. We us...
Article
The Trieste Karst, at the north-easternmost shore of the Adriatic Sea, is rich in prehistoric caves and protohistoric hill forts. Most of these archaeological sites were already identified in the second half of the 19th century when large parts of the area were almost without vegetation coverage for the effect of sheep breeding and exploitation of...
Article
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We present a quantitative, non-interferometric, X-ray differential phase contrast imaging technique based on the edge illumination principle. We derive a novel phase retrieval algorithm which requires only two images to be acquired and verify the technique experimentally using synchrotron radiation. The technique is useful for planar imaging but is...
Article
Full-text available
Evidence of prehistoric dentistry has been limited to a few cases, the most ancient dating back to the Neolithic. Here we report a 6500-year-old human mandible from Slovenia whose left canine crown bears the traces of a filling with beeswax. The use of different analytical techniques, including synchrotron radiation computed micro-tomography (micro...
Article
Full-text available
Synchrotron-radiation computed tomography has been applied in many research fields. Here, PITRE (Phase-sensitive X-ray Image processing and Tomography REconstruction) and PITRE_BM (PITRE Batch Manager) are presented. PITRE supports phase retrieval for propagation-based phase-contrast imaging/tomography (PPCI/PPCT), extracts apparent absorption, ref...
Article
Full-text available
The structural analysis of historical musical instruments is a fundamental tool for the definition of restoration and conservation protocols, as well as for the study of ancient manufacturing techniques and the acoustic analysis related to this class of cultural objects. The importance and the value of typical bowed stringed instruments, on the oth...
Article
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of phase-contrast mammography with synchrotron radiation using a high-resolution computed radiology (CR) system devoted to mammography. Materials and methods: The study was performed at the Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP) beamline of the Elettra synchrotron radia...
Article
Archaeological evidence for wind musical instruments made by modern humans has been well established from the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe. Musical instruments evidently made by Neanderthals have not been found so far. The most controversial object is a juvenile cave bear femur with two complete holes, found in 1995 in the Middle Palaeolithic layer...
Article
Full-text available
A single-photon counting detector read-out system for mammography with synchrotron radiation has been developed with the aim to meet the needs of the mammographic imaging station of the SYRMEP beamline at ELETTRA. The system called PICASSO (Phase Imaging for Clinical Application with Silicon detector and Synchrotron radiatiOn) is a modular detector...
Article
Full-text available
ABSTRACT: A single-photon counting detector read-out system for mammography with synchrotron radiation has been developed with the aim to meet the needs of the mammographic imaging station of the SYRMEP beamline at ELETTRA. The system called PICASSO (Phase Imaging for Clinical Application with Silicon detector and Synchrotron radiatiOn) is a modula...
Article
Full-text available
Quantitative assessment of trabecular bone structure based on magnetic resonance microimages requires a segmentation step, which is difficult to perform because of low signal-to-noise ratio and spatial signal inhomogeneities in these images. In this paper, we present the design of voxel classifiers based on statistical mixture models and classifier...
Article
The DIRAC experiment at CERN has achieved a sizeable production of π+π− atoms and has significantly improved the precision on its lifetime determination. From a sample of 21 227 atomic pairs, a 4% measurement of the S-wave ππ scattering length difference |a0−a2| = (0.2533+0.0080 − 0.0078 |stat +0.0078 −0.0073 |syst) M−1π+ has been attained, providi...
Article
Nanoparticles may be used as biomarkers to locate tumours and provide information on tumour characteristics. This paper reports on the development of a high resolution imaging system sensitive to gold nanoparticle concentration and distribution and possibly to cell structure.
Article
Full-text available
The DIRAC experiment at CERN has achieved a sizeable production of $\pi^+\pi^-$ atoms and has significantly improved the precision on its lifetime determination. From a sample of 21227 atomic pairs, a 4% measurement of the S-wave $\pi\pi$ scattering length difference $|a_0-a_2| = (.0.2533^{+0.0080}_{-0.0078}|_\mathrm{stat}.{}^{+0.0078}_{-0.0073}|_\...
Conference Paper
Concentric rings are among the most recurrent artifacts in X-ray computed microtomography imaging. Their presence have a negative impact on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data. An interesting approach for ring artifacts removal is based on direct filtering of the reconstructed slices. Slice filtering does not require additional im...
Article
The full exploitation of polycapillary lenses in X-ray imaging systems-e.g., based on X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering-is strictly related to the critical angle for total X-ray reflection and to both the spatial and spectral properties of the incoming beam. Therefore X-ray polycapillary optics must be tailored to fit the requ...
Article
Full-text available
X-ray computed tomography is becoming a common technique for the structural analysis of samples of cultural relevance, providing luthiers, art historians, conservators and restorators with a unique tool for the characterization of musical instruments. Synchrotron-radiation phase-contrast microtomography is an ideal technique for the non-destructive...
Article
To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic contribution of mammography with synchrotron radiation in patients with questionable or suspicious breast abnormalities identified at combined digital mammography (DM) and ultrasonography (US). The ethics committee approved this prospective study, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients....
Article
The SYRMEP (Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics) collaboration has performed, for the first time in the world, a clinical program of mammography with synchrotron radiation. This program provided excellent results, although utilizing a commercial screen-film system as a detector. The PICASSO (Phase Imaging for Clinical Application with Silicon...
Conference Paper
Both x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence techniques have proven beneficial for identifying and characterizing biological tissues. X-ray diffraction analysis uses the elemental composition of the sample to discriminate between tissue types, and can provide a considerable enhancement in contrast over conventional x-ray imaging. X-ray fluorescenc...
Article
Full-text available
Conventional bone histomorphometry is an important method for quantitative evaluation of bone microstructure. X-ray computed microtomography is a non-invasive technique, which can be used to evaluate histomorphometric indices in trabecular bones (BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp). In this technique, 3D images are used to quantify the whole sample,...
Article
Full-text available
The measurement of the linear attenuation coefficients of breast tissues is of fundamental importance in the field of breast x-ray diagnostic imaging. Different groups have evaluated the linear attenuation coefficients of breast tissues by carrying out direct attenuation measurements in which the specimens were thin and selected as homogeneous as p...
Article
A clinical mammography program is in progress at the medical beamline SYRMEP of the Italian synchrotron radiation laboratory ELETTRA in Trieste. A conventional screen‐film system is utilized as detector for the examinations on patients. For the next experimental step a digital detector has been designed taking into account the essential requirement...
Article
Full-text available
At the SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics (SYRMEP) beamline of Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory in Trieste (Italy), an extensive research program in bio‐medical imaging has been developed since 1997. The core program carried out by the SYRMEP collaboration concerns the use of Synchrotron Radiation (SR) for clinical mammography with the a...
Chapter
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Archaeological wood, and waterlogged archaeological wood in particular, are almost always characterised by a modification in the original properties and structure of the wood. Degradation agents can be of different origins (Biological, Chemical, Physical) and they are able to produce a large variability in the degradation of individual pieces, requ...