Diana Trojaniello

• Bioengineering, PhD
• Smart Eyewear Research Manager at Luxottica

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is a novel research field aiming at integrating Machine Learning (ML) within embedded devices with limited memory, computation, and energy. Recently, a new branch of TinyML has emerged, focusing on integrating ML directly into the sensors to further reduce the power consumption of embedded devices. Interestingly, desp...

Edge devices have garnered significant attention for their ability to process data locally, providing low-latency, context-aware services without the need for extensive reliance on cloud computing. This capability is particularly crucial in context recognition, which enables dynamic adaptation to a user’s real-time environment. Applications range f...

Background and Importance Hospital San Raffaele was seeking a solution to improve the medication management process and logistics, spanning from central pharmacy to the patient’s bedside, in order to avoid shortage, improve staff well-being and patient safety by ensuring the five rights of medication administration (patient, drug, dose, time and ro...

Introduction: The healthcare sector has become an easy target for cybercriminals. However, hospital employees do not yet fully comply with cybersecurity guidelines. The present study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM), developed by the US Public Health Service, to examine predictors of cybersecurity behaviors in hospital employees. Methods: Data w...

The internal transport of medical goods in a hospital heavily relies on human resources that carry the materials on foot. Such mode of transport may be affected by inefficiencies, e.g., due to bottlenecks, and other logistic challenges. Thus, it may benefit from the use of unmanned aircraft systems in several aspects. Such a scenario introduces spe...

Background: Over recent years, interest in the development of smart health technologies aimed at supporting independent living for older populations has increased. The integration of innovative technologies, such as the Internet of Things, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, and ambient-assisted living applications, represents a valuabl...

Wearable technology has emerged as useful tools in the assessment of individuals within controlled settings. By utilising wearables during assessments objective digital data can be used to better inform clinical decisions. Of recent pragmatic interest has been the emergence of inertial sensor based wearables (e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes) that c...

Background: Over recent years, interest in the development of smart health technologies aimed at supporting independent living for older populations has increased. The integration of innovative technologies, such as the Internet of Things, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, and ambient-assisted living applications, represents a valuab...

BACKGROUND Over recent years, interest in the development of smart health technologies aimed at supporting independent living for older populations has increased. The integration of innovative technologies, such as the Internet of Things, wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, and ambient-assisted living applications, represents a valuable...

As now well established, the world population is aging rapidly and, according to World Health Organization (WHO), the amount of people aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion in 2050. For this reason, an emerging important issue is the definition of a new generation of healthcare platforms capable of monitoring people's quality of li...

Pervasive sensing is increasing our ability to monitor the status of patients not only when they are hospitalized but also during home recovery. As a result, lots of data are collected and are available for multiple purposes. If operations can take advantage of timely and detailed data, the huge amount of data collected can also be useful for analy...

Step counting represents a valuable approach to monitor the amount of daily physical activity. The feet, wrist and trunk have been demonstrated as the ideal locations to automatically detect the number of steps through body-worn devices (i.e., step counters). Key features of such devices are high usability, practicality and unobtrusiveness. Therefo...

Spending adequate amount of time outdoor is helpful for both physical and psychological health. Indoor-outdoor (IO) detection provides useful information for end users such as the inside and outside time spent monitoring. In addition, IO detection is extremely important in IO navigation and localization. Several authors focused on the IO detection...

Turning (T) represents a challenging task in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. Clinical examinations such as Time-Up-and-Go (TUG) test include U-turns to evaluate subject’s performance during T task. In order to collect meaningful parameters in an unobtrusive and low-cost way, magneto-inertial measurements units (MIMUs) have been employed to analy...

The number of steps represents one of the favorite metric for quantifying daily physical activity. Step counters accuracy is however strictly dependent on the device location and higher accuracies have been achieved with feet and trunk mounted devices [1]. Other positions, i.e. head location, which could be more practical for the integration of ste...

The SilverStream project has developed and demonstrated a new light and affordable vehicle concept (L-category) tailored to the needs of ageing population. The project has combined both ergonomic concepts conceived for elderly people and advanced automotive technologies for improved driveability and energy efficiency. It has been focused on the dev...

Spending adequate amount of time outdoor is helpful for both physical and psychological health. Indoor-outdoor (IO) detection, provides useful information for end-users by allowing the monitoring of time spent inside and outside. In addition, IO detection is extremely important in applications such as IO Navigation and Localization. Several authors...

The immense growth of digital technology has led people to live in a multi-screen environment. If used for a prolonged time, digital screens (DS) can be considered harmful to the eyes leading to such health issues as computer vision syndrome (CVS). In this paper, we study the problem of Digital Screen Detection (DSD), using a new generation of smal...

Easy entering (i.e. ingress) and exiting (i.e. egress) a vehicle play an important role in ensuring a comfortable driving experience. Nevertheless, car ingress and egress involve complex movements requiring a lot of sensory and motor information. Due to the age-related cognitive and motor decline, car ingress and egress often represents a difficult...

Activity classification has many applications in healthcare as in smart environments and homeland security. In recent years, due to their ever-decreasing cost, the use of wearable technologies has recently increased thus allowing continuous activity monitoring in free living conditions. The most common accelerometer-based wearable devices are gener...

Background: The use of miniaturized magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) allows for an objective evaluation of gait and a quantitative assessment of clinical outcomes. Spatial and temporal parameters are generally recognized as key metrics for characterizing gait. Although several methods for their estimate have been proposed, a thorough err...

An important role in ensuring a comfortable driving experience is represented by a properly designed car seat, especially for elderly drivers. A seat prototype with easily interchangeable pads of cushion and backrest (e.g. thickness, lift at 40%) was realized to meet elderly needs. In this study both a subjective assessment, by means of selected su...

Driving a car represents a crucial aspect for keeping independence, social life and wellbeing for elderly people. Due to cognitive decline often associated to ageing, systems which help older adults to easily interact with the vehicle and control the car subsystems is required. The interaction modalities now offered by the technology advancement ar...

The aim of this study was to apply a well-documented IMU-based method to measure gait spatio-temporal parameters in a large number of healthy and gait-impaired subjects, and evaluate its robustness and validity across two clinical centers.

The identification of turns during walking allows for the segmentation into straight and turn walking bouts. Several IMU-based methods were developed to this purpose, however many of them were tested on specific subject population. In this study, we tested four methods for the identification of turns in walking tasks with multiple U-turns that did...

Early-Onset Ataxia (EOA) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are two conditions that affect coordination in children. Phenotypic identification of impaired coordination plays an important role in their diagnosis. Gait is one of the tests included in rating scales that can be used to assess motor coordination. A practical problem is that t...

Daily life locomotion includes sequences of straight and turn walking bouts. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMU) allow to extend the traditional gait analysis to tasks including turns. In this context, the preliminary goal of any IMU-based methodology is the identification of turns, thus allowing the trial segmentation into straight and turn...

Machine learning methods have been widely used for gait assessment through the estimation of spatio-temporal parameters. As a further step, the objective of this work is to propose and validate a general probabilistic modeling approach for the classification of different pathological gaits. Specifically, the presented methodology was tested on gait...

For the first time in history, the majority of people live now in urban areas. What is more, in the next four decades, the number of people living in the world’s urban areas is expected to grow from 3.5 billion to 5.2 billion. At the same time, populations around the world are rapidly ageing. By 2050, the global population of people aged 60 years a...

A method for assessing maximum foot clearance (maxFCl) during overground walking and obstacle passing using magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) placed above the malleoli is proposed and validated. The method precision and accuracy were evaluated using a stereo-photogrammetric system as a gold standard. The proposed method was applied to...

A solution to discriminate stance and swing in both healthy and abnormal gait using inertial sensors is proposed. The method is based on a two states hidden Markov model trained in a supervised way. The proposed method can generalize across different groups of subjects, without the need of parameters tuning. Leave-one-subject-out validation tests s...

A solution to discriminate stance and swing in both healthy and abnormal gait using inertial sensors is proposed. The method is based on a two states hidden Markov model trained in a supervised way. The proposed method can generalize across different groups of subjects, without the need of parameters tuning. Leave-one-subject-out validation tests s...

The estimation of gait temporal parameters with inertial measurement units (IMU) is a research topic of interest in clinical gait analysis. Several methods, based on the use of a single IMU mounted at waist level, have been proposed for the estimate of these parameters showing satisfactory performance when applied to the gait of healthy subjects. H...

An overview of conceptual, analytical and experimental elements to quantitatively describe human kinematics, with specific focus on gait, using magneto-inertial sensors is presented. It includes a review and a taxonomy scheme of the techniques for the estimation of joint kinematics and spatio-temporal gait parameters.

The step-by-step determination of the spatio-temporal parameters of gait is clinically relevant since it provides an estimation of the variability of specific gait patterns associated with frequent geriatric syndromes. In recent years, several methods, based on the use of magneto-inertial units (MIMUs), have been developed for the step-by-step esti...

Inter-foot distance (IFD) is an important indicator of gait stability. The IFD evaluation in outdoor conditions is still an open issue. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a wearable system integrating an infrared range sensor (IRR) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), for the IFD estimation during mid-stance and mid-swing. First, t...

The estimation of gait temporal parameters with wearable inertial measurement units (IMU) has been a research topic of interest in clinical gait analysis. Several methods, based on the use of a single IMU, have been proposed for their estimate, showing in most cases a sufficiently low number of missed and extra events and a satisfactory accuracy wh...

The aim of this study was to propose and comparatively evaluate four methods for assessing stride-by-stride changes of direction of progression, during straight walking using measurements of a magnetic and inertial unit placed above the malleolus. The four methods were evaluated by comparing their estimate of the gait changes of direction of progre...

In this study, five different gait event detection methods using a single Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) were evaluated. Since gait events identification is mostly based on the observation of features characterizing the acceleration patterns, a misalignment of the IMU may cause changes in these. Thus, a correct positioning of the IMU is crucial fo...