Dian D.I. Daruis

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at National Defence University of Malaysia

Integrating social conventions into human-robot interaction is essential for enhancing user comfort and acceptance. While creating smooth and soft robotic movements is a foundational requirement, it alone does not guarantee socially acceptable behaviour. To address this, a comprehensive interaction process model is needed, enabling the understandin...

This paper aims to review the ergonomics study related to the batik industry, especially in Malaysia. The cross-sectional study is carried out using a 10 years’ filter and keywords such as batik AND ergonomic AND Malaysia. The searches were carried out mainly on Google scholar website but also cross-referenced with searches from Scopus. There were...

Fatigue has been strongly linked to posture comfort, and it has contributed to 15.7% of the total road accidents in Malaysia. This study aimed to develop a linear model to illustrate the relationship between the perception of driving comfort (subjective assessment) and muscle contraction (objective measurement) of the most comfortable and optimal d...

The protocol in measuring Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is very important to ensure its reliability. However, there is one aspect that was not considered in the protocol nor other studies, the choice of method in dealing with the sequencing of the trials during measurement. Thus, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the effect of the sequen...

Long working hours with video display unit without appropriate breaks could drain the eyes. This study intends to investigate the efficiency of eye rest-break application to reduce dried eye symptoms by increasing blink rates. Blink rates and dried eye symptoms score among laboratory workers before and after the implementation of eye rest-break app...

One of the common health problems for small and medium enterprise such as batik production is work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD). This health problem may contribute to long-term medical effect on the production workers. For batik stamping workers, the load of the copper block that need to be used repetitively can reach up to 2kg. This stu...

From a total of 20 car models crash-tested by ASEAN NCAP, seven models from four makes have undergone ASEAN NCAP assessment twice, whereas two car models from two domestic powerhouses had undergone the assessment thrice. This study shall evaluate the improvements to the newer editions which supposedly led to better safety ratings. The focus is on t...

Vibration at the pedal-pad may contribute to the discomfort of the foot plantar fascia during driving. In this study, the experiment is conducted using a "five-time repeatability" test of the same procedure and shall determine root-mean-square vibration magnitude and vibration transmissibility on Z-axis or vertical vibration magnitude for the three...

Nowadays, remembering important tasks becomes more challenging activity as people get older. Due to the loss of memory, senses and ability to remember, it gives impact in the elderly life which can reduce their quality of life, loss of independence, and increased burden on the elderly and their caretakers. A simple and intuitive system, and is able...

This study develops a questionnaire used to measure user acceptance of web user interface (UI), particularly web object locations. It explored ASEAN users’ expectations based on constructs in Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT). Eight constructs were investigated further, namely expectation (E), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (P...

Proper driving requires a proper posture to bring comfort to drivers. A problem that commonly exists in driving is incorrect driving posture which can cause discomfort to the driver, especially when interacting with automotive pedals. Research on fatigue of Soleus muscle on driver's posture based on the knee angle more than 144° in a position of pr...

This paper reviews various papers since the year 2000 until 2016 regarding visual technology in human anthropometry study, and discusses three major points; (1) the methods and objectives of the research, (2) the subjects of the experiments and (3) body parts involved in the anthropometrical measurements. Measurement using visual technology is clai...

This study was conducted to analyses the Biceps Brachii (BB) muscle contraction during different driving postures. Drivers' posture is one of the factors that contribute to driving fatigue that eventually may lead to road accident and injuries. The experiment conducted for this study is using the surface electromyography (SEMG) method for objective...

Safe driving requires an ideal posture to bring comfort to drivers. A problem that commonly exists in driving is non-ideal driving posture, which can cause discomfort to the driver, especially when interacting with automotive pedals. Research on contraction of Soleus muscle on driver's posture based on the knee angle more than 144° in a position of...

The joining of two of any particular materials through friction stir welding (FSW) are done by a rotating tool and the work piece material that generates heat which causes the region near the FSW tool to soften. This in return will mechanically intermix the work pieces. The first objective of this study is to join aluminum plates and copper plates...

Application of Anthropometric Data for Designing a Workstation in Science Laboratory.

Vibration at the pedal-pad may contribute to discomfort of foot plantar fascia during driving. This is due to transmission of vibration to the mount, chassis, pedal, and then to the foot plantar fascia. This experimental study is conducted to determine the estimation of peak value using the power spectral density of the vertical vibration input at...

Micrifibrillated cellulose (MFC) is generally can be prepared either by acid hydrolysis, chemical treatments, or by a high pressure refiner. In this study, the MFC of Resak’s hardwood waste with high degree of crystallinity has been obtained by an acid hydrolysis using mineral acid H2SO4. The microstructures of the MFC were characterized via X-ray...

Cellulose Micro/Nano fibers (CMNF) from various plants which is Resak (Vatica spp.) waste, Merbau (Intsia bijuga) waste, banana (Musa acuminata) pseudo-stem and pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf fibers have been isolated and characterized. Isolation of microfibril cellulose from raw fibers was achieved using alkaline treatment and bleaching. The trea...

Banana pseudostems waste is abundantly available as agro-waste and has been used in different applications. In this work, the isolation of CMNF from the pseudostems of banana plant were explored. The dried stems from the species Musa acuminata were first cleaned by soxhlet extraction, alkali treatment and bleaching. Segal method will be employed to...

Background: Standing workstation can be a strategic approach for many electronics manufacturers to achieve work optimization. However, the well-being of the workers has become a great issue for both workers and employers. The main objective of this research was to study the effects of standing working posture on the workers and their impact to work...

Background: This study was an investigation conducted at two oil palm plantations in Slim River District, Perak, Malaysia on the prevalence of back pain among workers in the Malaysian oil palm industry. Many manual handling activities and tasks performed were not designed ergonomically, thus a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found...

Background: Driving posture discomfort can contribute to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), injuries, lumbar pain and fatigue. The three main objectives of this study were to identify the level of awareness for correct and safe driving posture, health implication to their body parts and to propose a suitable car seat fit dimensions appropriate for M...

Background: Injuries or pains occurred at various body's joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, limbs, back and neck are classified as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A single forceful exertion or repeated exposure to force, vibration or awkward posture can result in MSDs. This study was carried out by evaluating the relevant physical measu...

Background: Ablution area is one of the facilities used by most Muslims in all categories. There are numbers of de-sign guidelines for praying facilities but lack on ablution area specification. Therefore, this study was conducted to design an ergonomic ablution area for the Muslim’s disabled and elderly based on their preferences and anthropomet-r...

The main objective of the study is to determine the noise level emitted by the machinery and equipment used at a Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Melaka, Malaysia. The study also aims to determine the exposure level of noise to the employees. The machinery and equipment noise level was measured using a calibrated sound level meter. Noise level of each so...

Proper driving requires a proper posture to bring comfort to drivers. A problem that commonly exists in driving is incorrect driving posture which can cause discomfort to the driver, especially when interacting with automotive pedals. Research on contraction of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle on driver's posture based on the knee angle less than 101°...

This An Ergonomic hazard often exists in any industry. However, majority of the employees are not aware of practicing good body posture until the MSDs symptoms become permanent and chronic. The main objective of this study is to determine the manual handling problems among workers at an electronic component manufacturing company. The scope of this...

Ergonomics is generally to design for human use and optimizing the working and living conditions. The comfort, safety and ease of use of systems, products and machines require the principles of ergonomics to be incorporated into the design. Anthropometry is a part of ergonomics which deals with the measurement of body dimensions, its capability and...

Drivers' posture is one of the factors that can contribute to driving discomfort. Subjective evaluation is needed in determining the driving discomfort problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability of different driving postures that may lead to drivers' discomfort. A total of thirty-four healthy Malaysian drivers were involved in...

The paper looks at how Google docs (forms) were used to collect feedbacks from students in Sociolinguistics classes. Feedbacks collected are on lessons conducted in the classroom. During the set induction and closure of each lesson, students were taught moral values directly through short stories delivered or videos carefully chosen by the lecturer...

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the most common occupational injury faced by computer users. Computer users faced higher possibility of getting RSI due to their prolonged working time and static posture. The three main objectives of this study are, first: to identify the prevalence of RSI among computer users; second, to investigate and determine...

This study aimed to identify payment method and its effects on work control, work risk and work-related musculoskeletal health among Malaysian sewing machine operators. The study sample comprised 337 sewing machine operators (male, n=122, female, n=215; aged between 18-54 years old; mean 30.74±8.44) from four different garment-making companies in M...

Manual material handling (MMH) is the most common cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and low back pain (LBP). It involves manual lifting, lowering, carrying, pushing and pulling loads. This study has three main objectives, first: to identify ergonomics awareness towards MMH activities amongst the workers; second, to identify the body discomf...

An ergonomically designed driver's seat is crucial in ensuring quality, comfort and safe driving. The increase in road accidents every year is mostly linked to drivers’ fatigue. Therefore, posture comfort is an important aspect in driver's seat design. The aim of this study is to design a driver's seat which is suitable for Malaysians. There are th...

In the Malaysian Armed Forces, Taekwondo-based unarmed combat is compulsory for every military personnel including female personnel. In this Taekwondo-based unarmed combat, kicking techniques are emphasized. This paper focused on this martial arts in a) investigating kinematical characteristics of turning kicks between the dominant and non-dominant...

A study was conducted among healthcare workers performing manual handling tasks at a private medical center (PMC) in Selangor to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A total of 103 workers of the PMC were selected through simple random sampling which comprise of 32 respondents for administrative group and another 71 respond...

Manual workers in agricultural industry are frequently exposed to work related discomfort and pain while performing their work tasks. This leads to common health problems such as Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) which occur due to the feeling of discomfort while performing daily tasks, which in turn affect their work performance. An i...

Results: The noise levels inside and outside of the residences exceeded the noise level permitted by Department of Environment (DOE) and World Health Organization (WHO). The noise level in the residence was 66.4 dBA which is much higher than the level proposed by DOE. While the highest LAeq of the traffic noise measured inside the residence was 57....

Background: The nature of work in the construction industry is closely associated with many human factor hazards. Manual construction workers are exposed to hand-arm vibration, repetitive movements, holding of heavy loads and tools, and frequent manual materials handling hazards in their daily tasks. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are major...

Exposure to high levels of hand-arm vibration (HAV) from the steering wheels can present risks to health and safety to drivers. This study aim to do HAV comparison analysis on the Malaysian Army (MA) three-tonne truck steering wheels in three different speeds, when the truck is stationary with the engine switched on and when truck is moving at spee...

Safety, health and comfort for hearingare among ergonomic aspects that are very important in vehicle driving. Noise exposure increases as the size and weight of vehicle increases. This study is conducted to identify sound pressure inside Malaysian Army 3-tonnetruck drivers. A statistical analysis method called Integrated Kurtosis-based Algorithm fo...

Motorcyclists are road users that highly exposed to hand-arm vibration that may contribute to body discomfort and fatigue that eventually will lead to road accidents and injuries. The two main objectives of this study are to identify the body parts that experience discomfort among motorcyclist and to understand the vibration exposure effect on diff...

Vibration at the pedal-pad can contribute to discomfort of foot plantar fascia during driving. This study was conducted to determine the Pedal-pad Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (PEAT) value and comparison frequency-weighted root-mean-square (r.m.s) acceleration on z-axis vibration magnitude for three different sizes of pedal-pad on the two d...

Prolonged and excessive exposure to noise inside the truck cabin results in long term harm and adverse effect to the driver. Safety and health of drivers hearing are among ergonomic aspects that are very important in vehicle driving. The objective of this study was to monitor noise exposure at driver's ear level while driving Malaysian Army (MA) 3-...

The objective of this study is to present a new method for determination of noise exposure in the driver’s compartment of Malaysian Army (MA) three-tonne trucks based on changing vehicle speed using regression models and the statistical analysis method known as Integrated Kurtosis-based Algorithm for 𝑍-notch filter (I-kaz).The test was conducted on...

This paper is to determine the feasibility of exoskeleton in handling motion during climbing a set of stairs. This information is vital in the core design of an exoskeleton system and a part of the build up for a new exoskeleton system named the Shadow-Suit concept. The psychological effect of a foreign object attached to a body limb may have a con...

Vibration transmissibility from a car body to pedal-pad could result to drivers discomfort and fatigue, which may lead to health problems. Vibration transmissibility occurs when the vehicle engine is turned on and vibration is transmitted from the car body to pedal-pad in this research Pedal-pad effective Amplitude Transmissibility (PEAT) value was...

Exposure to high levels of whole body vibration (WBV) from the seat can present risks to health and safety and cause injuries to drivers. This study presents a study on WBV exposure to Malaysian Army 3-tonne truck drivers using the method defined in International Standard ISO 2631-1:1997. The vehicle that was chosen for this study was based on the...

Moving vehicle will produce dynamic excitation and can be categorized in the study of noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). Studies of NVH can resolve issues associated with the use of a vehicle comfort. Exposure to some level of noise and vibration can be classified as a danger to vehicle passengers if they are exposed in a standard eight-hour tim...

Prolonged and excessive exposure to noise inside truck cabins can cause long term harm and adverse effects to drivers. To this end, the objective of this study was to monitor noise exposure at the driver’s ear level while driving a Malaysian Army (MA) three-tonne truck using the Integrated Kurtosis-based Algorithm for Z-notch Filter (I-kazTM) stati...

Musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) is the common health problems for the industrial workers. This health problem can contribute to long term effect on the production performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the posture of industrial worker in packaging industry using the RULA assessment in CATIA P3 V5R14 software. The working posture wa...

Office ergonomics has been emphasized in many industries and organizations. Health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders and repetitive syndrome injuries are commonly reported by office workers worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of awareness and understanding of ergonomics among a local institute of higher learning offic...

This study investigated the effectiveness of workstation ergonomic intervention in reducing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) workers. The study was carried out at one of a Multinational Company in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Sixty Heavy VDT workers were selected randomly as case study respondents. Questionnaires were gi...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the vibration transmissibility from a cars body to pedal-pad, and the lower extremity, especially on the foot. The vibration transmissibility will occur when the foot interacts with the pedal-pad once the vehicle engine is turned on. The vibrations transmissibility will cause drivers discomfort, especially on...

Prevalence of neck-shoulder pain among sewing machine operators is well known. It may be due to the nature and incorrect posture used by sewing machine operators while performing sewing work. However, up till now there is no empirical evidence that can be used to relate the risk factors that would results towards the development of neck and shoulde...

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is mainly caused by excessive exposure to the vibration generated by hand-powered tool. Anti-vibration pad and glove have been developed as the alternative of this problem. Local cheap agricultural waste such as coir fiber may have the potential in replacing other synthetic material to attenuate vibration generate...

To facilitate kinematic changes in expendable exoskeletons, considerations must be placed on the links leading to the end joint(s), where rigid connections with human limbs could lead to uncomfortable experiences for a pilot operating the exoskeleton. To cater to changes in human size while maintaining initial kinematic computation, an additional e...

Objective method alone is insufficient in measuring discomfort of car seats. It is indirect and does not truly convey the perception and feeling of the sitter. A combination of both objective and subjective method gives better evaluation on discomfort. Seat pressure distribution method was adopted to investigate the static characteristic of a seat....

This article presents sitting anthropometry data for Malaysians focusing on seat fit parameters. It offers additional data regarding seat design requirements as there have been only a few efforts made to establish anthropometry data in Malaysia. An analysis using a measurement composed of 16 common and important dimensions in seat design was done w...

A driver interacts directly with the car seat at all times. There are ergonomic characteristics that have to be followed to produce comfortable seats. However, most of previous researches focused on either static or dynamic condition only. In addition, research on car seat development is critically lacking although Malaysia herself manufactures its...

Since commercial aviation started, fatigue among pilots and aircrew has been acknowledged as a human factor safety issue. This survey was conducted between September and December 2009 among airlines pilots. The three main objectives of this study are: to identify sleep patterns, their promoting and interfering factors of airlines pilots. This surve...

Most of previous literature focused on single modality in a car seat discomfort and its either static or dynamic condition. The aim of this paper is to integrate objective measurements and subjective evaluation to predict seat discomfort in which both static and dynamic conditions are considered. Steven's psychophysics power law relates a magnitude...

Subjective evaluation on whole-body vibration experienced in car was investigated. Vertical acceleration was measured at the seat floor as well as on the seat pan of a compact car when driving over two types of road surfaces. Apart from that, vibration transmissibility of 11 subjects participated in the study was also measured. The various body par...

Problem statement: A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers at a processed food manufacturer in Malaysia. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of back pain among workers who perform manual material handling. In addition, the study also investigated the effectiveness of the interventions provided by the employer...

Problem statement: The purposes of this study are twofold: First, to recommend a range of angles for driving posture comfort from measurement of participants and second, to investigate the relationships between driversâ anthropometric characteristics, comfortable postural angles and seat adjustment. Approach: Forty five participants were involved i...

Problem statement: The study investigated the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) among workers who perform the Manual Material Handling (MMH) task in an automotive manufacturing plant in Malaysia. A cross sectional study was carried out among the workers in an automotive manufacturing plant. Approach: Respondents were selected through ra...

Reproduction of vehicle interior sound and frequency weighted vibration of five locally made passenger cars have been used to investigate the interaction of sound and vibration on subjective responses. The passenger cars represent variation of vehicle segment; premium sedan car, medium sedan car and small compact car. The two stimuli were recorded...

Satu tinjauan berasaskan soal selidik atas talian telah dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkenaan ketidakselesaan pemanduan kenderaan penumpang pemandu Malaysia. Faktor ketidakselesaan yang diselidiki ialah hingar, getaran dan tempat duduk pemandu. Untuk hingar dan getaran, didapati bahawa responden perempuan lebih tidak selesa untuk faktor b...

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to gather information regarding driving discomfort of Malaysian passengers' vehicle drivers. The discomfort factors investigated were noise and vibration in the vehicle both during idle and accelerating conditions. In the final survey, there were 63 subjects. It was found that 37% voted for engine noise du...