Dezhi Wu

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at University of South Carolina

Background Black Americans experience a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than Whites despite undergoing prevention screenings similar to those of Whites since 2010. We compared the colorectal adenoma status of Black and White patients at screening colonoscopy, a measure of colorectal cancer risk. Methods Using cross-sectional, observational d...

Background Geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic differences in health outcomes persist despite the global focus on these issues by health organizations. Barriers to accessing care contribute significantly to these health disparities. Among these barriers, those related to travel time—the time required for patients to travel from their residen...

Background According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, polysubstance use among pregnant women is prevalent, with 38.2% of those who consume alcohol also engaging in the use of one or more additional substances. However, the underlying mechanisms, contexts, and experiences of polysubstance use are unclear. Organic information is abundant...

In recent years, the United States has witnessed a significant surge in the popularity of vaping or e-cigarette use, leading to a notable rise in cases of e-cigarette and vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) that caused hospitalizations and fatalities during the EVALI outbreak in 2019, highlighting the urgency to comprehend vaping behaviors an...

Objectives The surge in patient portal messages (PPMs) with increasing needs and workloads for efficient PPM triage in healthcare settings has spurred the exploration of AI-driven solutions to streamline the healthcare workflow processes, ensuring timely responses to patients to satisfy their healthcare needs. However, there has been less focus on...

BACKGROUND Geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic differences in health outcomes persist despite the global focus on these issues by health organizations. Barriers to accessing care contribute significantly to these health disparities. Among these barriers, those related to travel time—the time required for patients to travel from their residen...

BACKGROUND According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , polysubstance use among pregnant women is prevalent, with 38.2% of those who consume alcohol also engaging in the use of one or more additional substances. However, the underlying mechanisms, contexts, and experiences of polysubstance use are unclear. Organic information is abundan...

BACKGROUND In 2021, the United States experienced a 14% rise in fatal drug overdoses totaling 106,699 deaths, driven by harmful opioid use, particularly among individuals in the perinatal period who face increased risks associated with opioid use disorders (OUDs). Increased concerns about the impacts of escalating harmful opioid use among pregnant...

BACKGROUND The healthcare system in the United States (US) is burdened with high costs in part caused by hospital readmission. The use of smart tracking technology (STT) has demonstrated the potential to improve clinical outcomes through streamlining clinical use, health information exchange (HIE), mobile information technology (IT), and supply cha...

Background Smart tracking technology (STT) that was applied for clinical use has the potential to reduce 30-day all-cause readmission risk through streamlining clinical workflows with improved accuracy, mobility, and efficiency. However, previously published literature has inadequately addressed the joint effects of STT for clinical use and its com...

Background The ultimate goal of any prescribed medical therapy is to achieve desired outcomes of patient care. However, patient nonadherence has long been a major problem detrimental to patient health and, thus, is a concern for all health care providers. Moreover, nonadherence is extremely costly for global medical systems because of unnecessary c...

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to bridge the understanding between decisions made by an AI interface and the user interacting with the AI. When the goal of the AI is to teach the user how to solve a problem, user-friendly explanations of the AI’s decisions must be given to the user so they can learn how to replicate the process for...

Background Low birthweight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States and a major causative factor of adverse health effects in newborns. Identifying high-risk patients early in prenatal care is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Previous studies have proposed various machine learning (ML) models for LBW prediction tas...

BACKGROUND Low birthweight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States and a major causative factor of adverse health effects in newborns. Identifying high-risk patients early in prenatal care is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Previous studies have proposed various machine learning (ML) models for LBW prediction tas...

In this paper, we describe an AI-driven platform, ALLURE, with an embodied chatbot that teaches the user how to solve a Rubik’s Cube. Our AI algorithm consists of macro-actions, which refer to a set of moves that are not transparent or usable to users as a black box. Through the integration of explainable AI and conversational user interface design...

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used to solve problems that many humans struggle to solve. This opens up new opportunities for knowledge discovery and education. We demonstrate ALLURE, an educational AI system for learning to solve the Rubik’s cube that is designed to help students improve their problem solving skills. ALLURE...

BACKGROUND Vaping or e-cigarette use has become dramatically more popular in the United States in recent years. Vaping and e-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases caused an increase in hospitalizations and deaths in 2019, and many instances were later linked to unregulated products. Previous literature has leveraged social media data f...

Background Vaping or e-cigarette use has become dramatically more popular in the United States in recent years. e-Cigarette and vaping use–associated lung injury (EVALI) cases caused an increase in hospitalizations and deaths in 2019, and many instances were later linked to unregulated products. Previous literature has leveraged social media data f...

The complexity of the solutions that artificial intelligence can learn to solve problems currently surpasses its ability to explain these solutions. In many domains, explainable solutions are a necessary condition while optimality is not. Therefore, we seek to constrain solutions to the space of solutions that can be explained to a human. To do thi...

There are increasingly strict regulations surrounding the purchase and use of combustible tobacco products (i.e., cigarettes); simultaneously, the use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes (i.e., vaping products), has dramatically increased. However, public attitudes toward vaping vary widely, and the health effects of vaping are still...

BACKGROUND Despite an increasing adoption rate of the tracking technologies (e.g., radio-frequency identification (RFID) and barcode) for hospitals in the United States (U.S.), scarce empirical studies examined hospital size, location, and types of hospital affiliations that are associated with the uptake, leaving the understanding towards the tren...

Background: Despite the increasing adoption rate of tracking technologies in hospitals in the United States, few empirical studies have examined the factors involved in such adoption within different use contexts (eg, clinical and supply chain use contexts). To date, no study has systematically examined how governance structures impact technology...

Introduction Vaping product use (i.e., e-cigarettes) has been rising since 2000 in the United States. Negative health outcomes associated with vaping products have created public uncertainty and debates on social media platforms. This study explores the feasibility of using social media as a surveillance tool to identify relevant posts and at-risk...

This research aims to explore sentiment patterns on substance use disorder (SUD) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly challenged global healthcare systems and resulted in 2.78 million deaths based on CDC news as of March 2021. Because of social isolation, economic hardships, and fear caused by the lockdown orders, substa...

Purpose The paper aims to investigate how a tablet's design features, namely, its navigation design and visual appearance, influence users' enjoyment, concentration and control, when using tablets for problem-solving, and thereafter how their core flow experiences impact their perceived performance and efficiency with problem-solving. Design/metho...

Objective With the advancement of mobile technologies, patients can access medical and patient educational information anytime and anywhere. Computer-aided patient education has been advocated as a key means of interventions for improving patient knowledge and compliance (i.e., adherence). However, evidence of the efficacy of computer-aided patient...

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the workspace, thrusting countless employees from organizational work settings to their homes, where they work virtually to access key organizational assets through their cyberinfrastructure. This large-scale virtual workforce imposes drastic cybersecurity issues, threats, and challenges to organizations. To on...

Smartphone users often find mobile security notifications (MSNs) to be annoying and intrusive. MSNs are security warnings displayed on mobile interfaces designed to protect mobile phone users from security attacks. Traditionally, users are forced to choose between “Yes” (“Accept”) or “No” (“Ignore” or “Deny”) decisions in response to MSNs. However,...

Adverse health outcomes (e.g., respiratory infections, lung injury, death) related to vaping were reported at significantly higher rates in healthcare systems starting in the fall of 2019. This study seeks to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) methods, to determine whether a signal of these n...

The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 440,000 deaths among more than 8 million cases globally by Mid-June, 2020. This pandemic has caused a staggering worldwide socioeconomic impact and loss of lives. This research proposes an innovative technological approach to analyze COVID-19 patient data for new analytical insights via deve...

The explosive global adoption of mobile applications (i.e., apps) has been fraught with security and privacy issues. App users typically have a poor understanding of information security; worse, they routinely ignore security notifications designed to increase security on apps. By considering both mobile app interface usability and mobile security...

This report summarizes the discussion in a panel session on gamification designs at the 2019 European Conference on Information Systems in Stockholm, Sweden. The panel explores a research agenda for gamification design. The "what, why, and how" are considered to analyze the current state of the art of gamification research. An adapted definition of...

This report summarizes the discussion in a panel session on gamification designs at the 2019 European Conference on Information Systems in Stockholm, Sweden. The panel explores a research agenda for gamification design. The "what, why, and how" are considered to analyze the current state of the art of gamification research. An adapted definition of...

With the increase of users’ social connections on social network services, their social circles become more diverse, which make it difficult to maintain their ideal images and thus lead to their lurking behaviors. Based on the self-discrepancy theory, an integrated model was proposed to link role-related constructs to lurking intention. Results bas...

The explosive global adoption of mobile applications (i.e., apps) has been fraught with security and privacy issues. App users typically have a poor understanding of information security; worse, they routinely ignore security notifications designed to increase security on apps. By considering both mobile app interface usability and mobile security...

As part of new emerging eCommerce innovations, live streaming has started to gain lots of attention in business world because of its potential capability to boost sales online. Enabling interactions among a real-time seller, users (i.e., viewers) and peer users in e-Commerce platforms, live streaming is promising to facilitate real-time interaction...

Online discussions play an important role in student learning. Currently, asynchronous learning courses and some primarily face-to-face courses at New Jersey Institute of Technology require asynchronous online discussions. Does this requirement improve the students’ perceived learning? An exploratory study designed to investigate this issue was con...

Temporal structures have been argued to be an important element of business affecting both the processes that are undertaken within an organization and the overall productivity of the organization and its members. As such, organizations should engage in temporal coordination planning in order to ensure that previously ad hoc temporal structures are...

Mobile devices such as tablets, smart phones, and portable computers are connecting users in a myriad of contexts. Social networks can be a benefit for individuals in the knowledge acquisition process, and group dynamics disclosed by Social Network Analysis provides a good basis for studying how mobile collaboration is affected by social networks....

The lack of patient compliance to medical recommendations and treatments suggested by doctors has long been a significant problem. In practice, patient education is considered an important intervention to empower patients and increase their compliance. It has been advocated as a means of improving patient medical knowledge and compliance. However,...

Today's information and communication technologies play an important role in promoting educational reforms and innovations. Many schools have taken action to establish their school websites, whereas knowledge sharing platforms serve as a key website component to foster a learning community. In this study, we investigate the role of website usabilit...

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For several decades, researchers have been exploring the potential of using biometric typing keypads for user identification and authentication, to improve security within organizational networks. However, there has been a lack of broad and rigorous testing on how the technology performs under various field conditions. We conducted a 3 x 1 factoria...

Nowadays, more sophisticated tasks such as teleoperations in surgery are being conducted by robots, which require operators' high-level spatial and team skills. Spatial skills and shared task representations in teams are critical in successfully elaborating decision-relevant information in order to work together seamlessly on complex spatial tasks....

Location-based mobile advertising is becoming an increasingly important marketing strategy in today's business world. Despite the advances of mobile communication infrastructure and smart mobile devices, how to effectively reach consumers through mobile devices to promote products still remains a challenge. Grounded in psychological distance and co...

Research on the behavioral-based security of information systems within organizations and for personal use has been common over the last decade, however little is known regarding how individuals perceive the security of their mobile devices. This study seeks to explore how the security notifications within a mobile application environment alter ado...

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate individual perceptions of time and time management strategies that professionals utilize to achieve their productivity in the execution of their daily tasks, projects and routines. Projects have specific time durations from the beginning to the end, which often need to be broken down into small...

This study investigates what types of personal calendar tools people are currently using to manage their time and what usability issues they may experience with their calendar tools. Two sets of in-depth interviews and field observations were designed and carried out at a US university with twenty busy knowledge workers. The preliminary study resul...

The benefits of teamwork and collaboration have long been advocated by many educational theories, such as constructivist and social learning models. Among the various applications of collaborative learning, the iterative team-based learning (TBL) process proposed by Michaelsen, Fink, and Knight (2002) has been successfully used in the classroom wit...

This research examines asynchronous participatory examinations, a new technology-mediated assessment strategy especially suitable for online courses. The participatory exam innovation utilizes information technology to support engaging students in the entire examination lifecycle, including creating and solving problems, and grading solutions. Thes...

Effective temporal coordination between individuals and organizations is becoming increasingly crucial in today's dynamic business environment. This coordination process typically involves a series of interactions among temporal structures, since temporal structures provide a possible explicit and implicit mechanism to structure activities across t...

The key findings for this research are summarized in Chapter 13. Overall, this research shows there is a strong relationship between the quality of individual time management and the use and understanding of various temporal structures based upon three different population samples (student, faculty and staff). Based on these results, it is argued t...

The focus of this chapter is to review electronic time management or calendar tools. This review is presented to support the underlying motivation for this book, which is to improve time management by providing better electronic time management or calendar tools that incorporate more types of temporal structures than those being managed with existi...

This chapter supports the argument that began in Chapter 4 for the need to design and implement electronic time management/calendar tools that incorporate more temporal structures than the limited ones that are now being used. The support is based upon the survey data analysis, upon the pilot interviews, and upon a small longitudinal study that was...

Temporal structure, a key notion in this book, is defined as a patterned organization of time, used by humans to help them manage, comprehend or coordinate their use of time. The objective of this chapter is to provide a theoretical overview for understanding the role temporal structures play in personal time management practices. This chapter disc...

Time never has been an easy concept, since each of us has different time perceptions and experiences. Individual time management stories can vary dramatically because of a variety of reasons, such as different backgrounds, professions, social roles, cultures, gender and so on. The main focus of this book is on socially-constructed time, which demon...

Personal productivity is achieved through an effective time management practice. Due to the advancement of modern telecommunication and information technologies, today’s professionals are taxed with more and more tasks and given shorter time periods to complete them than before. Companies strive to push their new products to the market in order to...

The purpose of this book is to provide useful user requirements for capturing and designing more extensive temporal structures within the current electronic calendar systems through a series of in-depth user studies. Chapter 5 presents the study results of two in-depth interviews with twenty professionals for identifying what types of temporal stru...

Following the survey study proposed in Chapter 7, a large data set was collected from academics including faculty, staff, and students at a U.S. public research university. This chapter primarily reports descriptive data analyses, constructs independence and univariate analyses for this large survey. The survey respondents from the researched unive...

Time never has been an easy concept, since each of us has different time perceptions and experiences. Individual time management stories can vary dramatically because of a variety of reasons, such as different backgrounds, professions, social roles, cultures, gender and so on. The main focus of this book is on socially-constructed time, which demon...

This chapter contains appendices necessary for the utilization and interpretation of research presented in this premier reference source.

Researchers in management and organizational behavior have shown that temporal rhythms and norms exist and that they collectively impact multiple aspects of an organization. They have also shown that individual productivity is hampered if temporal cycles clash. This suggests that individual time management is related to the temporal structures that...

This chapter introduces the research model designed for this study. A test of the measurement model is presented in detail. The software utilized in this research is the PLS-Graph version 3.0. A partial least square (PLS) data analysis was run on students, faculty, and staff datasets respectively. This chapter also reports all results on the buildi...

This chapter presents the bivariate analysis results, and compares the differences between effective time managers and ineffective time managers on their temporal structure knowledge, usage, and relationship understanding. The hypotheses to compare effective time managers and ineffective time managers developed for this research are examined in thi...

Today’s users have many options in choosing electronic calendar tools. They can adopt free online calendar tools for personal use, such as GoogleTM, YahooTM, or MSNTM online calendars, which can be synchronized with their mobile devices (e.g., iPhone, Blackberry, PDA, etc.). At work, electronic calendars tools, such as OutlookTM and GroupWise, are...

The asynchronous learning networks participatory examination (APE) is a constructivist approach that fully engages students in the entire exam life cycle. Students design and solve exam questions while evaluating their peers' solutions using an anonymous, structured process enabled by Internet technologies. APE achieves higher-level learning by enc...

The association of personal time management research with calendar applications has remained a relatively under-researched area due to the complexity and challenges it faces. Temporal Structures in Individual Time Management: Practices to Enhance Calendar Tool Design covers the latest concepts, methodologies, techniques, tools, and perspectives ess...

Preparing students to work in teams benefits learning experiences and provides a stronger foundation for the challenges of the workplace. Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional strategy where small groups become closely coupled teams through repeated face-to-face collaboration on various projects and assignments. This paper illustrates how t...

Team-based learning is an active learning instructional strategy used in the traditional face-to-face classroom. Web-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools complement the face-to-face classroom and enable active learning between face-to-face class times. This arti-cle presents the results from pilot assessments of computer-supported team...

Team-based learning is an active learning instructional strategy used in the traditional face-to-face classroom. Web-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools complement the face-to-face classroom and enable active learning between face-to-face class times. This arti-cle presents the results from pilot assessments of computer-supported team...

Team-based learning is an active learning instructional strategy used in the traditional face-to-face classroom. Web-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools complement the face-to-face classroom and enable active learning between face-to-face class times. This paper presents the results from pilot assessments of computer-supported team-ba...

Team-based learning is an active learning instructional strategy used in the traditional face-to-face classroom. Web-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools complement the face-toface classroom and enable active learning between face-to-face class times. This article presents the results from pilot assessments of computer-supported team-b...

Purpose This paper presents best practices of global and local initiatives for social and economic capital development. It introduces the notion of “megacommunities” representing broad multilateral stakeholder groups that work together for the resolutions of large‐scale health, environmental and social problems. The paper also takes a more local vi...

The online participatory exam transforms the traditional exam into a constructivist, cooperative and engaging learning experience. Students learn from designing and answering exam questions, from evaluating their peers' performance, and from reading questions, answers and evaluations. This paper, aimed at faculty who teach online and at researchers...

Team-based learning is an active learning instructional strategy used in the traditional face-to-face classroom. Web-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools complement the face-to-face classroom and enable active learning between face-to-face class times. This paper presents the results from pilot assessments of computer-supported team-ba...

Because today's workforce is highly mobile, small wireless devices are being used to support mobile work collaboration. However, do computer platform differences affect such collaborations? This question is investigated through a controlled experiment that examines collaborative problem solving on different combinations of small and large computers...

This study examines the time management strategies of individuals in an academic institution and gathers information on the complex temporal structures they experience and manage. Its focus is on how electronic tools can be designed to incorporate the temporal structures that govern time usage and thus, help individuals to better manage their time....