Derek Richards

• University of Dundee

Background Citizen science is a way to democratise science by involving groups of citizens in the research process. Clinical guidelines are used to improve practice, but their implementation can be limited. Involving patients and the public can enhance guideline implementation, but there is uncertainty about the best approaches to achieve this. Cit...

Incarcerated individuals experience poorer health, including dental health, when compared with the general population. Although interventions that target multiple determinants of health are more effective, there are limited investigations of the determinants of dental health, and how these differ, among incarcerated individuals. This article descri...

There has been a global rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and it is expected to triple by 2030. Periodontal disease is one common complication of T2DM. As a result, there is potential for the use of common behavioural interventions in the management of both oral diseases and T2DM as a single intervention. To investigate the effective...

Context A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported. Objective To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents. Data Sources A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward. Data Analysis A total o...

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to the worldwide closure of dental practices or reduction of dental services. By the end of April 2020, governments and professional organisations were publishing recommendations or guidance for the reopening/restructuring of dental services. The aim of this study was to assess how dental aer...

This is the 3rd Scottish Report on Oral Health in Prisons which is a part of the monitoring of the oral health and psychosocial needs of people in prison in Scotland from 2002 to 2019. In addition to assessing the oral and dental health of prisoners it supports the evaluation of policy change of transfer of responsibility of healthcare of prisoners...

This report an executive summary of the 3rd oral health and psychosocial needs assessment of people in prison in Scotland from 2002 to 2019. In addition to assessing the oral and dental health of prisoners it supports the evaluation of policy change of transfer of healthcare of prisoners from SPS to NHS in 2011 and the introduction of the Mouth Mat...

Prior to 1966, consumers purchased food items with very little (if any) nutritional labels. Now, nutritional labelling is an integral part of informed consumer choice. This paper advocates for a similar approach for healthcare-related products, using the toothbrush as an example, with the need to quantify and publish data on their clinical efficacy...

Objective: To test a theoretical mediation model and investigate whether drug use and/or dental anxiety act as mediating factors between depression and dental decay experience among prisoners. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 300 prisoners across three prison establishments in Scotland. Depression and den...

It is known that extreme dental fear and drug use affect oral health and access to dental services, what is not known is how depression is related to drug use and dental anxiety and how they impact upon decayed and missing teeth for people in custody. The aim was to determine the impact of depression, dental anxiety and drug use upon prisoner’s exp...

A psychosocial needs assessment survey was conducted across Scottish prisons as part of the Scottish Oral Health Improvement Prison Programme’s (SOHIPP) development of the ‘Mouth Matters’ oral health intervention. The survey highlighted, that people in custody had a high prevalence of tooth decay and unmet treatment needs. Participants experienced...

Information Services Division Scottish Adult Oral Health Survey 2016-2018: https://www.scottishdental.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-04-30-SAOHS-Report.pdf

Background: Prisoners have poorer dental health than non-prison populations. It is known that the prison environment can promote health and thus, policies, including access to dental care, are in place to promote health during imprisonment. Aim: Our aim was to conduct an oral health and psychosocial needs survey to identify the factors associated w...

Data sourcesPubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databasesStudy selectionTwo reviewers independently selected studies. Observational studies involving patients >16 years comparing facial injuries in those wearing and not wearing cycle helmets were included. Studies were excluded if they examined the effects of helmet legislation, rep...

Data sourcesThe Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Open Gray and ProQuest database.Study selectionObservational studies conducted in adults aged over 18 where oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) had clinical diagnoses histologically confirmed were i...

Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases.Study selectionCohort, case-control or retrospective studies involving more than 50 patients with biopsy proven diagnosis and absence of dysplasia at initial diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) or oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) were considered.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers indepen...

Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases. This was supplemented with searches of the journals; Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, The International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry and International Journal of Dental Hygiene. Randomised controlled trials assessing interproximal oral hygiene (IOH) aid...

Data sourcesCochrane Oral Healths Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Medline, Embase, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library CINAHL US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases.Study s...

Data sources PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) providing information on the effectiveness of oral sprays on plaque or gingival inflammation and published in English were considered. Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened the studies, abstracte...

Data sources PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Websites of scientific societies of dental traumatology, paediatric dentistry, endodontics, oral-maxillofacial surgery and World Health Organization and the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention were searched. There were no language restrictions, but the search was li...

Objective: To determine the scope and quality of evidence on the effectiveness of community-based nutrition interventions to promote oral health and restore healthy body weight in school-aged refugee children. Basic research design: Scoping review using a systematic approach. Main outcome measures: Oral health and body weight. Results: Four...

Background Obesity and dental caries are global public health problems which can impact in childhood and throughout the life course. In simple terms, childhood dental caries and body weight are linked via the common risk factor of diet. An association between dental caries and obesity has been described in a number of studies and reviews. However,...

Data sources PubMed, Embase, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Ichushi-web, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud Espana (BVSE) and Biblioteca Virtual em Saude (BVS) databases. There were no limits on language or publication dates. Study selection Two reviewers selected prospective clinical studies investigating SDF treatment for caries...

Data sources Ovid, Medline, PubMed, Embase and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source. Databases were searched from January 2006 to March 2016 and restricted to English, manual searches were also carried out in the relevant major journals. Study selection Two reviewers independently selected studies. Human prospective and retrospective observational s...

Data sourcesPubMed, the Cochrane Library, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) and Embase.Data abstraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers selected studies, abstracted data and assessed study quality using the GRADE criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials including...

Background This is a protocol for a systematic review of the impact of health coaching on changing the health behaviour of offenders. Prisoners are more likely to suffer from health-related issues when compared to the general population. Health coaching has been shown to influence health outcomes of patients with chronic conditions. This review, th...

Despite a continuing increase in the number of systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials conducted in dentistry much of the published dental literature consists of care reports and case series. While these are often interesting and informative they do not provide the best levels of evidence on which to base best clinical interventions.

Data sourcesMedline, Embase, LILACS and Scopus database.Study selectionStudies were screened independently by three reviewers. Randomised controlled trials with a minimum of six months follow-up of daily use of essential oils-containing (EO) mouthwashes compared with placebo, flossing or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as adjuncts to mechanical plaq...

Data sources Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Medline; clinicaltrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. There were no language or date restrictions on searches. Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effec...

There is a need for an alternative approach for health promotion prisons since previous work has indicated that health education, while improving health knowledge, does not result in behaviour change. Evidence has suggested that a health coaching assists in this regard. However, the question remained whether this approach would be appropriate and p...

Objective: To determine if the sCMT can be used to identify costs of service provision. Clinical setting: Patients (n=495) attending the Sussex Community NHS Trust Special Care Dental Service for care were assessed using the sCMT. Main measures: sCMT score and costs (staffing, laboratory fees, etc.) besides patient age, whether a new patient a...

Information Services Division Publication Report: https://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Dental-Care/Publications/2017-02-21/2017-02-21-SAOHS-Report.pdf

As in previous years we are highlighting the guidelines, questions and answers addressed by summaries in Evidence-based Dentistry. Evidence levels are only given for those papers achieving level 3A and above.

Data sources PubMed Central, CINAHL, Embase and reference lists of identified articles. Study selection Observational and experimental studies published in English where breastfeeding was the exposure and development of caries was the outcome of interest were considered. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion Data extraction a...

In this issue we take a look at a recent guidance document from the European Association of Paediatric Document (see page 35). Developing high quality evidence-based guidance documents is a time-consuming and costly process and resources are limited even in the most developed countries, and there seems to be an ever-growing demand for guidelines.

Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSHost, Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO).Study selectionPopulation-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies assessing tooth erosion and diet, conducted in children and adolescents between eight and 19 years reporting on the permanent dentition were considered.Data extra...

Scope and purpose The guidance provides evidence- and clinically-based recommendations for detecting and diagnosing early/non-cavitated caries lesions, risk assessment and disease management. Methodology The guidance development is based on three reviews1,2,3 and an interim seminar and workshop organised by the European Academy of Paediatric Denti...

Methodology: A purposive sample of large NHS dental practices with a minimum of three surgeries employing at least one hygiene-therapist (HT) was taken. Asymptomatic patients attending for routine checkups who consented to the study underwent a screen by H-T for dental caries and periodontal disease (index test) followed by a screen by a general d...

Data sources Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline , Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, the Web of Science Conference Proceedings, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

The GDC standards for the dental team (www.gdc-uk.org/Dental professionals/Standards/Pages/standards.aspx

Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register and World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Study selectionParallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any type of slow-rele...

Data sourcesMedline, the Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies Register, the Cochrane Oral Health Groups Trials Register, Embase and MEDION.Study selectionTwo of the reviewers independently assessed titles abstracts and extracted data. Cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy studies (or consecutive series) and randomised studies of diagnostic...

Data sourcesMedline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).Study selectionRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) in adults 18 years of age comparing CHX DF/gel with CHX MW written in English or Dutch were considered.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently selected...

Data sources: Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase and CINAHL. Study selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of chlorhexidine-containing oral products with no treatment or placebo on dental caries, and comparing the effects of one chlorh...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Objective: To assess the use of the WCMT in two Scottish health boards and to consider the impact of simplifying the tool to improve efficient use. Design: A retrospective analysis of routine WCMT data (47,276 cases). Clinical setting: Public Dental Service (PDS) within NHS Lothian and Highland. Method: The WCMT consists of six criteria. Each crite...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Data sourcesMedline, Embase and LILACS. Chief Dental Officers worldwide were contacted to request conference reports, theses, government reports and unpublished survey data.Study selectionSelection was carried out independently by two reviewers. Longitudinal or crossover studies based on random samples representing national, subnational or communit...

Data sources: Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group's Specialised Register; Cochrane Oral Health Group's Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Medline; Embase; CINAHL; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness; five other databases and t...

A theory-led narrative approach was used to unpack the complexities of the factors that enable successful client adherence following one-to-one health interventions. Understanding this could prepare the provider to anticipate different adherence behaviours by clients, allowing them to tailor their interventions to increase the likelihood of adheren...

Within Scotland there has been a significant increase in the prescription of 2,800 ppm and 5,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste. The objective of this paper was to analyse the trends in high concentration fluoride toothpaste (HCFT) in the five Scottish South East and Tayside (SEAT) health boards and consider the options for future national management of t...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Data sourcesThe Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS and BBO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science Conference Proceedings and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Reference lists of identified articles were also scanned for rel...

Data sourcesThe Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Reference lists of identified articl...

Crown-root and cervical root fractures constitute a restorative challenge due to sub-gingival position of the fracture margin. Surgical tooth extrusion is one of the treatment options. There is uncertainty regarding the prognosis of such treatment modality. To assess adverse events of surgical tooth extrusion in the treatment for crown-root and cer...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OpenGrey (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe [SIGLE]-based), Scirus, Science.gov, Cost-Effective Analysis (CEA) Registry, European Network of Health Economics Evaluation Databases (EURON-HEED), ClinicalTrials.gov and Health Services Research Proje...

Data sourcesThe Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science and Dissertations and Theses via Proquest databases were searched. A number of relevant journals, (Acta Odontologica Scandinavica...

Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Lilacs.Study selectionPublished and unpublished observational population-based studies presenting information on the prevalence, incidence, case fatality and cause-specific mortality related to untreated caries, severe periodontitis and severe tooth loss between January 1980 and December 2010. There were no language res...

To examine the use of dental therapist/hygienists to provide primary dental treatment in remote-rural areas with regard to their effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, acceptability and costs (affordability). The structured literature review of studies indexed in Medline, Embase and CinAHL was conducted using search terms relevant to 'dental th...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

The Basic Cooking Skills/Healthy Eating (BaCE) programme was first proposed in HMYOI Polmont in 2008 as a collaborative health improvement venture between NHS Forth Valley and the Scottish Prison Service (SPS). The collaboration sought to develop the programme, including its structure, content, delivery, and to use it as a social learning tool, bas...

Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched.Study selectionExperimental and non-experimental English language studies in adults in hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients were included.Data extraction and synthesisA qualitative summary of the included...

Data sourcesMedline, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Embase databases were searched.Study selectionScreening and selection of studies was conducted independently by two authors, with randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) conducted in adults 18 years or older being included. Studies...

As in previous years we are highlighting the guidelines, questions and answers addressed by summaries in Evidence-based Dentistry. Evidence levels¹ are only given for those papers achieving level 3A and above.

Obesity and dental caries have become increasingly prevalent challenges to public health. Research results into the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children have been mixed and inconclusive. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to provide evidence to quantify the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children u...

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: • To evaluate the effects of xylitol (consumed by mothers) at reducing tooth decay in their children compared with alternative treatments (e.g. chlorhexidine, fluoride varnish, placebo, or no treatment). • To assess 1 above (caries reduction in populations)...

Data sourcesPubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO and Cochrane library databases were searched.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials that investigated the protective effects of honey in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy that used either the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) or World Health Organisation (WHO)...

Data sourcesThe BBO (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia), Biomed Central, Cochrane Library, Directory of Open Access Journals, LILACS, Open-J-Gate, OpenSIGLE, PubMed, Sabinet and Science-Direct databases were searched.Study selectionArticles were selected for review from the search results on the basis of their compliance with the broad inclusi...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

The aim of the evaluation was to examine the impact of an Oral Health Improvement Project on the oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of prisoners in this high-security gaol. Prisoners in a high-security prison that had adopted a health-promoting prison agenda were invited to take part. Prisoners in locations where the Project ha...

Objectives To review the evidence of a relationship between sugar-containing methadone and dental caries. Data sources A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Current Controlled Trials, WHO, OHRN, SIGLE and ERIC databases was conducted from January 1978 up to June 2010. Study selection Articles were assessed a...

Bridging the gap between research and dental practice, EBD provides a single source of ground breaking issues in Dentistry. We filter out the best range of evidence from a wide range of sources, presenting clear, comprehensive and easily digestible summaries.

From Celsus' first reports of rubor, calor, dolor, tumor, and functio laesa, has come an understanding of inflammation's manifestations at the organ, tissue, vascular, cellular, genetic, and molecular levels. Molecular medicine now raises the opposite question: can local oral infections and their inflammatory mediators increase systemic morbidity o...

Objective: To provide a systematic overview and analysis of the scope, nature and outcomes of oral health research in prisons. Methods: A structured literature review using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Healthy Informatics and Psychinfo. This was followed by extensive hand search. Results: 120 articles were included in the review. They compris...

To explore what motivates dentists to work in prisons using Vroom's theoretical model of motivation as an explanatory framework. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten of the 15 dentists working in Scottish prisons. The focus was to explore their motivations to work in Scottish prisons. The data were analysed using a thematic framework based o...