Derald Ray Langham

• Sesame Research, LLC

Sesame is an important oilseed crop that has high oil and protein content and unique antioxidant lignans. Capsule shattering at harvest is one of the most important problems affecting sesame production, with seed losses of up to 50%, making the crop unsuitable for mechanized harvesting. This paper provides an overview of breeding approaches address...

This book covers the fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and viruses that have been reported on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The major diseases may seriously affect the yield or completely destroy fields and occur on all the continents. The major foliar diseases are on the leaves (which may spread to other parts of the plant) and include powdery mildew and...

Although the goal of many breeding programs is to develop mechanized shatter resistance, over 95% of the sesame in the world is still harvested manually. Thus, manual shatter resistance should be continued to be improved.

The achievement of the Sesame Genome Project supplies the necessary information for sesame genome assisted selection breeding. The information of the structural genomics and functional genomics research in sesame provides the foundation of genome architecture analysis. Cloning of many genes and gene families makes the possibility of aggregating a n...

Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop. In this chapter, we introduce the status of sesame production and the world trade, cultivation styles, and seed nutrition. With the increase of harvested area and the yield level, the world sesame production is accelerating. The increasing demand in the market is stimulating the development of the sesame industry....

Sesame is distributed widely in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The cultivation history of sesame dates back to over 5000 years ago. In this section, the botanical features and growth characteristics of sesame including root, stem, leaf, flower, capsule, and seed are discussed. The overview summarizes the species-specific morphol...

S. indicum is the sole cultivated species in the genus Sesamum. The relatively low genetic diversity in the cultivated species limits the development of new varieties through breeding. In this chapter, the main breeding methods in sesame including space mutation, heterosis application, hybridization, system breeding, and interspecific hybridization...

These three books cover the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) pest, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, pollinator, and scavenger descriptors. The books cover 766 insect, arachnid, nematode, mammal, bird, fungus, and virus species that have been recorded in sesame. Books 1 and 2 cover the pests; book 3 covers the beneficial predators, parasitoids, pathogens,...

These three books cover the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) pest, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, pollinator, and scavenger descriptors. The books cover 766 insect, arachnid, nematode, mammal, bird, fungus, and virus species that have been recorded in sesame. Books 1 and 2 cover the pests; book 3 covers the beneficial predators, parasitoids, pathogens,...

These three books cover the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) pest, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, pollinator, and scavenger descriptors. The books cover 766 insect, arachnid, nematode, mammal, bird, fungus, and virus species that have been recorded in sesame. Books 1 and 2 cover the pests; book 3 covers the beneficial predators, parasitoids, pathogens,...

Aims: Field studies were conducted to determine sesame response to the pre-emergence herbicides (acetochlor at 1.7 kg ai ha-1; S-metolachlor at 0.72, 1.43, and 2.86 kg ai ha-1; dimethenamid-P at 0.84 kg ai ha-1; pethoxamid at 0.22 kg ai ha-1; pyroxasulfone at 0.09 kg ai ha-1and bicyclopyrone at 0.12 and 0.24 kg ai ha-1) applied 3 or 6 days after 50...

Irrigation decision support systems (DSS) are tools that can help achieve higher system level water use efficiency by more accurately targeting water application to crop need. They also have a role to play in preventing over-irrigation of drought tolerant crops that can be sensitive to flooded conditions. However, there are challenges in developing...

This volume covers the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed component descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, leaf, flower, capsule, capsule zone, cycle, seed, agronomic and administrative, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on abiotic stresses and biotic (diseases). There is also a sesame bib...

This volume covers the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaf descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, flower, capsule, capsule zone, cycle, seed, agronomic and administrative, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on seed components, abiotic stresses, and biotic (diseases). There is also a sesame b...

This volume covers the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, leaf, flower, capsule, capsule zone, cycle, agronomic and administrative, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on seed components, abiotic stresses, and biotic (diseases). There is also a sesame b...

This volume covers most of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) agronomic and administrative descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, leaf, flower, capsule, capsule zone, cycle, seed, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on seed components, abiotic stresses, and biotic (diseases). There is also a...

This volume covers most of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) agronomic and administrative descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, leaf, flower, capsule, capsule zone, cycle, seed, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on seed components, abiotic stresses, and biotic (diseases). There is also a...

This volume covers most of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) capsule descriptors. Other published volumes cover seedling, root and stem, plant, leaf, flower, capsule zone, cycle, seed, biotic (pests), and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on seed components, agronomic, abiotic stresses, and biotic (diseases). There is also a sesame bibliography...

Harvest aids are traditionally used to desiccate weeds to improve crop quality and harvest efficiency. Field studies were conducted in Texas to determine the effect of harvest aids (glyphosate, diquat-dibromide, glufosinate-ammonium, and carfentrazone-ethyl) on sesame drydown and yield. The objective was to identify one or more harvest aids that co...

This is the 8th version of the bibliography. The items in red have been added since Working Paper 7. When an additional 400-500 titles are added, Version 9 will be released. The versions are all available on ResearchGate, but many of the search engines refer only to old versions. Before reviewing this document, go to ResearchGate to see if this is...

The sesame plant descriptors is one of 16 volumes of sesame descriptors. It is divided in 2 parts.

The sesame plant descriptors is one of 16 volumes of sesame descriptors. It is divided in 2 parts.

These 2 documents summarize the descriptor volumes.

These 2 documents summarize the descriptor volumes.

This study described sesame’s rooting behavior and the relationship between above- and belowground biomass in architecture and senescence dynamics. Six non-dehiscent sesame cultivars, branched and non-branched, were grown for two years in North Central Florida’s sandy soils in 2013 and 2014. The root systems were imaged in situ with a minirhizotron...

Summarizes current sesame production in the United States.

Summarizes some history and current status of mechanization of sesame.

The following pages pull the photos out of the 2 parts of Sesame Pests – A Review.

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

Part 1. The project started with the 17 insect pests affecting sesame in the 2004 IPGRI and NBPGR Descriptors for Sesame (Sesamum spp.). Reviewing over 350 documents produced another 282 insect pests. There are probably more to add in the future. This has been broken into 2 parts due to the sizes of the file in Word.

Part 2. The project started with the 17 insect pests affecting sesame in the 2004 IPGRI and NBPGR Descriptors for Sesame (Sesamum spp.). Reviewing over 350 documents produced another 282 insect pests. There are probably more to add in the future. This has been broken into 2 parts due to the sizes of the file in Word.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the first species domesticated by man. It is now one of the ten main oilseeds in the world, occupying a planted area of over eight million hectares and producing one of the best oils for human consumption. It contains antioxidants such as sesamin and sesamolin and about 40% of its fatty acids is the monounsatur...

World War II forced the initial mechanization of sesame. A petroleum rich Venezuela was blocked off from importing olive oil from Spain and Italy, and there was a shortage of vegetable oil for cooking. D.G. Langham examined all the oilseed crops and chose sesame as the crop with the best potential. The Venezuelan dictator ordered large areas of jun...

Titanium (Ti) is considered an essential element for plant growth; however, its role in crop performance through stimulating the activities of certain enzymes, enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, and improving crop morphology and growth requires more study. We therefore conducted a laboratory experiments to study the effects of ionic...

This is a 2 part document. For Part 2 refer to https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329322672_Sesame_Weed_Control_Part_2_-_Working_Paper_1. Weeds have been a problem for sesame farmers for the 5,500 years that the crop has been grown. Traditionally, sesame has been grown on small farms with enough manual labor available to hand weed. In the l...

This is a 2 part document. For Part 1 refer to https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329322591_Sesame_Weed_Control_Part_1_Working_Paper_1. Weeds have been a problem for sesame farmers for the 5,500 years that the crop has been grown. Traditionally, sesame has been grown on small farms with enough manual labor available to hand weed. In the last...

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

Virtually nothing is known about the root development of sesame and the existing balance between below-and aboveground architecture. This relationship was quantified for non-dehiscent sesame cultivars in 2013 and 2014 in the southeastern U.S. To best represent a range of canopy geometries, six cultivars were utilized that included branched and unic...

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor and S -metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha ⁻¹ showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3...

This paper covers sesame cycle traits. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. The project consists of 17 volumes, 11 of which are now on ResearchGate. As of 21 March 2018, there are over 2,500 pages. This is not intended to be read front to back, but rather as a reference book using the index in...

This paper covers sesame leaf traits. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. The project consists of 16 volumes, 10 of which are now on ResearchGate. As of 21 March 2018, there are over 2,500 pages. This is not intended to be read front to back, but rather as a reference book using the index in t...

This is updated in Working paper 2 on www.researchgate.net/publication/341991724.

This paper covers sesame flower traits. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. The project consists of 16 volumes, 8 of which are now on ResearchGate. As of 12 Feb 2018, there are 2,300 pages. This is not intended to be read front to back, but rather as a reference book using the index in the fro...

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is being considered for commercial production in the southeastern USA, but very little is known about its potential and the appropriate management practices required to achieve sustainable yield potential in the area. This study thus aims to determine the optimal planting date and row spacing for several sesame cultivars...

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

This paper covers sesame root and stem traits . This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This paper covers sesame capsule zone traits. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This paper covers sesame capsule traits . This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This paper is an index of the sesame traits covered in the other volumes. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This paper provides a foreword for the other 15 volumes of sesame descriptors and references. This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This paper covers sesame seedling traits . This is a living document in that material will be added as more publications are reviewed. Additions, corrections, and opposing views are welcome. Please send them to raylangham@sesameresearch.org.

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) yield response to nitrogen (N) application has been well documented, but the temporal dynamics of N accumulation and partitioning by sesame are poorly understood. Such knowledge is needed to better inform fertilization decisions and improve N use efficiency (NUE). The objective of this study was to characterize N and bio...

This is updated in Working paper 8 on www.researchgate.net/publication/339136732.

Sesame is a new crop for the southeastern USA, most recently being considered for this region because of frequent drought events in the historical farming area of the crop, that is, Texas and Oklahoma, and for overall expansion of its domestic production. Although sesame was introduced in the USA in the 19th century, its commercial cultivation was...

Basically reviews recent work on the timing of post-emergence herbicides on sesame.

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco S38 (S38) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S38 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in many geographical locations.

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco S37 (S37) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S37 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in many geographical locations.

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco S39 (S39) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S39 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in many geographical locations. S39 is very well suited for South Texas.

Field studies were conducted from 2006 to 2010 under weed-free conditions in south Texas and in the Texas High Plains to determine sesame tolerance to applied postemer-gence-directed herbicides. Injury was greatest when herbicides were applied to 15 cm of the main stem compared to herbicide applications made to 5 cm of the main stem height. Glyphos...

Methods for improved sesame agriculture comprising growing a pygmy sesame line homozygous for the py/py recessive pygmy allele and a character selected from non-dehiscence or improved non-dehiscence are disclosed. Pygmy sesame plants homozygous for the py/py recessive pygmy allele and a character selected from non-dehiscence or improved non-dehisce...

Sesame has potential as an alternative crop for former tobacco farmers in eastern USA to increase agricultural diversification and enhance farm incomes. Oil yield and quality of five shatter-resistant and dwarf sesame cultivars when grown using rows 37.5 cm or 75 cm apart were evaluated. Sesame was planted on 23 May and 8 Jun. (PT1) during 2011 and...

Poster presented at Southern Weed Science Society annual meeting in Savannah, GA, USA. Describes current research on Post-directed herbicides on sesame.

This study was conducted to determine if sesame (Sesamum indicum L., Pedaliaceae) could be grown in Virginia. Five proprietary sesame cultivars (22K, S26, S28, S30, and S32) were planted on May 23 and June 8 during 2011 and on July 9 and July 17 during 2012 using two row spacings (37.5 or 75 cm). Effects of cultivars and row spacings on seed yield,...

Mean contents of fructose, glucose, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, and total sugars in whole sesame seed, produced during 2011 and 2012 in mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America, were 0.95, 1.28, 2.22, 0.14, 0.82, and 5.39 g/100g meal, respectively. Planting time effects were significant for contents of fructose, glucose, raffinose, st...

In the 1996 FAO/IAEA meetings in Turkey, many presentations reported improved shatter resistance from mutation breeding. Yet, in looking at the pictures it was difficult to discern the relative amount of shatter resistance between breeding programs. At the time, we were using a subjective rating. The question was whether we could develop an objecti...

Poster presented at Southern Weed Science Society annual meeting in Birmingham, AL, USA. Basically summarizes some of the research of herbicides in sesame over the past few years.

Aims: Studies were conducted to determine sesame tolerance to herbicides applied postemergence-directed (PDIR) to the lower 5 and 15 cm of the stem. Study Design: Randomized complete block design with a 14 (herbicide) x 2 (spray height) factorial arrangement with 3 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: In south Texas near Uvalde and in the Texas...

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco 36 (S36) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S36 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in most geographical locations, particularly where whiteflies are a high risk factor. In addition, S36 sesame produ...

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco 35 (S35) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S35 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in most geographical locations, particularly where whiteflies are a high risk factor. In addition, S35 sesame produ...

In the 1996 FAO/IAEA meetings in Turkey, many presentations reported improved shatter resistance from mutation breeding. Yet, in looking at the pictures it was difficult to discern the relative amount of shatter resistance between breeding programs. At the time, we were using a subjective rating. The question was whether we could develop an objecti...

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco 34 (S34) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S34 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in most geographical locations, particularly where whiteflies are a high risk factor. In addition, S34 sesame produ...

Non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) (IND) designated Sesaco 33 (S33) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S33 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in certain geographical locations, particularly where lodging is a high risk factor.

Studies were conducted during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons under weed-free conditions in South Texas and the High Plains region of Texas to evaluate preemergence herbicides for sesame tolerance. No reduction in sesame stand was noted with any herbicide at south Texas location; however, at the High Plains location, linuron at the 2X rate reduce...

In the 1996 FAO/IAEA meetings in Turkey, many presentations reported improved shatter resistance from mutation breeding. Yet, in looking at the pictures it was difficult to discern the relative amount of shatter resistance between breeding programs. At the time, we were using a subjective rating. The question was whether we could develop an objecti...

Pygmy sesame line (Sesamum indicum L.) having a homozygous allele (py/py) and improved non-dehiscence (IND) is disclosed. A variety thereof (py/py) sesame designated Sesaco 70 (S70) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S70 suitable for mechanized harvesting

Non-dehiscent black-seeded sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated (S55) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S55 suitable for mechanized harvesting.

Improved non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated Sesaco 27 (S27) is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S27 suitable for mechanized harvesting and for selection for sesame crop growth in certain geographical locations, particularly where lodging is a high risk factor.

This has been updated in Nov 2018 as https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329322591_XVI_Sesame_Weed_Control_Part_1_Working_Paper_1 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329322672_Sesame_Weed_Control_Part_2_-_Working_Paper_1

A non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated S32 is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S32 suitable for mechanical harvest.

A non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated S30 is herein disclosed. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S30 suitable for mechanical harvest.

There are two pamphlets: The Sesame Producer Guide provides information on how to grow mechanized, non-dehiscent sesame. There is some harvest information. The Sesame Harvest Guide provides more detail on harvesting sesame while still standing in the field.

There are two pamphlets: The Sesame Producer Guide provides information on how to grow mechanized, non-dehiscent sesame. There is some harvest information. The Sesame Harvest Guide provides more detail on harvesting sesame while still standing in the field.

Field studies were conducted during the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons in the south Texas and the High Plains of Texas sesame growing areas to evaluate sesame tolerance and weed control following various preemergence herbicides. All herbicides controlled Amaranthus tuberculatus at least 89%, while diuron, flumioxazin at 0.14 kg ai/ha, and S-metolach...

The study included the following preemergence herbicides: S-metolachlor, linuron, diuron, linuron + diuron, propazine, imazethapyr, and fluometuron. The studies were done in Uvalde, Texas, and Lorenzo, Texas.

This paper presents data not found in other publications on PDIR testing plus photographs of the effects of the herbicides.

A study of the combined effects of PRE herbicides (S-metolachor [Dual Magnum], linuron [Lorox or Linex], diuron [Direx], linuron + diuron [Layby Pro]) followed by POST herbicides (flumioxazin [Valor], linuron + diuron, diuron, and linuron) for 1 year using 1 variety (Sesaco 32) at Lorenzo, Texas, USA (33.67N 101.54W) and Uvalde, Texas, USA (29.21N...

This summarizes POST herbicide testing on sesame for several years: 1994-1997 in Yoakum and Uvalde, Texas; 2003 in Batesville, Texas; 2004-2005 in Yoakum and Lubbock, Texas; 2007 in Salta, Argentina; and 2007 in Uvalde and Lorenzo, Texas.

The study included the following preemergence herbicides: S-metolachlor, linuron, diuron, linuron + diuron, propazine, and S-metolachlor + linuron. The studies were done in Uvalde, Texas, Lorenzo, Texas, and Stillwater, Oklahoma.

There are 2 versions for the phenology or growth and development of sesame: The Phenology of Sesame is intended for researchers with metric data. The Growth and Development of Sesame is intended for sesame growers and has English measures, along with pictures to illustrate points.

This is an earlier version of https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317058484_Sesame_Producer_Guide. It is added to provide more photos of sesame.

A non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated S29 has been found. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S29 suitable for mechanical harvest.

This has been updated in Nov 2018 as https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329322591_XVI_Sesame_Weed_Control_Part_1_Working_Paper_1

There are 2 versions for the phenology or growth and development of sesame: The Phenology of Sesame is intended for researchers with metric data. The Growth and Development of Sesame is intended for sesame growers and has English measures, along with pictures to illustrate points.

A non-dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) designated S28 has been found. Its degree of shatter resistance, or seed retention, makes S28 suitable for mechanical harvest.

The sesame current breeding in the US presents a prime example of the importance of germplasm conservation. In the 1940-60 timeframe there was an aggressive USDA sesame breeding program centered at Texas A&M and headed by M.L. Kinman. With budget cuts in the 1960s, sesame was one of the crops that was put in storage at Ft. Collins, CO, and is curre...