Dennis P Swaney

Cornell University | CU · Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

River ecosystems drain the landscape through hierarchical series of fluvial channels, beginning with small headwater streams, and enlarging, ultimately, to estuaries meeting the sea. Several conceptual models that provide unifying concepts about the connections of rivers with the landscape in terms of ecosystem properties such as processing of ener...

To facilitate calculation of net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI/NAPI) from publicly available data sources, including county-level US census and agricultural census data, we developed the NANI/NAPI toolbox, now in its third version. NANI has been used successfully, together with climate data, to estimate riverine nitrogen fluxes...

Whether net primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem is limited by nitrogen (N), limited by phosphorus (P), or co-limited by N & P is determined by the relative supply of N and P to phytoplankton compared to their elemental requirements for primary production, often characterized by the “Redfield” ratio. The supply of these essential nutrients...

Fertilization has been shown to affect nitrogen (N) cycling and its related functional microbes in agricultural soils. However, the linkage between soil N2O emissions and N-related functional genes under different fertilization strategies from wheat in a wheat-rice double cropping system is rarely examined. Here, we carried out a two-year field stu...

Unfortunately in the original version of this article, the Electronic Supplementary Material was unintentionally omitted during the publishing process

This paper studies the relative importance of societal drivers and changing climate on anthropogenic nutrient inputs of the Baltic Sea. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways are extended at temporal and spatial scales relevant for the most contributing sectors. Extended socioeconomic and climate scenarios are then...

Earth’s ocean is losing oxygen; since the mid-20th century, 1%–2% of the global ocean oxygen inventory has been lost, and over 700 coastal sites have reported new or worsening low-oxygen conditions. This ‘‘ocean deoxygenation’’ is increasing and of great concern because of the potential magnitude of adverse changes to both global and localmarine ec...

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activity has greatly altered the Earth's reactive nitrogen (N) cycle, leading to widespread N pollution that can have adverse effects on human health, ecological functions, and biodiversity. Quantifying the net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) has proven to be a powerful method of evaluating the extent of h...

The data presented here represent estimates of the phosphorus content of crop production, phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and agricultural phosphorus inputs associated with it across the contiguous United States. Net Anthropogenic Phosphorus Input (NAPI) estimates and related data are also provided. Data are presented at county, sub-regional and re...

Predicted increases in temperatures over the next century have raised many concerns about changes in the life history traits and geographical distributions of anadromous fishes. Anadromous fishes are particularly vulnerable to human activities due to the diverse array of habitats needed to complete their life cycle and the proximity of essential ha...

Crop N use efficiency (NUE) and P use efficiency (PUE)might be expected to exhibit different patterns across agricultural regions due to their very different environmental dynamics and management strategies. Here, following our previous work on regional patterns of NUE, we review patterns of PUE and related variables, including major inputs of P to...

This chapter highlights some of the features of nutrient flows through urban areas. Cities represent foci of human activity and are thus centers of resource consumption. Anthropogenic contributions of nutrients (mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)), and especially their consumption as food in urban areas, are associated with nutrient loads in hu...

Agricultural production and associated environmental impacts can vary significantly because of regional differences in crops, resource use and production practices, in addition to climatic factors. Here, we review patterns of regional agricultural production, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (NUE, PUE), and regional inputs of nitrogen (N) and...

While progress has been made in reducing external nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea, further actions are needed to meet the goals of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), especially for the Baltic Proper, Gulf of Finland, and Gulf of Riga sub-basins. We used the net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI, respectively) nutrient ac...

In the published online version of the paper, Fig. 4 is incorrect. Corrected figure is provided below.

The separation between crop- and livestock production is an important driver of agricultural nutrient surpluses in many parts of the world. Nutrient surpluses can be symptomatic of poor resource use efficiency and contribute to environmental problems. Thus, it is important not only to identify where surpluses can be reduced, but also the potential...

Nutrient mass balance analyses are a way of obtaining ‘whole system’ viewpoints on coastal biogeochemical functions and their forcing. Seasonal mass balances are presented for four large bay systems in New Zealand (NZ), with the aim of showing how they can inform coastal management. Freshwater volumes, and surface and groundwater, wastewater and at...

All life depends on phosphorus (P), which is why it is an important crop fertilizer. Humans generally consume more P than needed and the excess ends up in sewage systems. Past management of P in fertilizer and human sewage has led to the accumulation of P in soils and sediments of lakes and streams. This accumulation is called “legacy” P because it...

[The data presented here represent estimates of the nitrogen content of crop production, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and agricultural nitrogen inputs associated with it across the contiguous United States. Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input (NANI) estimates and related data are also provided. Data are presented at county, sub-regional and regional...

National-level summaries of crop production and nutrient use efficiency, important for international comparisons, only partially elucidate agricultural dynamics within a country. Agricultural production and associated environmental impacts in large countries vary significantly because of regional differences in crops, climate, resource use and prod...

We have begun to explore statistical techniques to analyze patterns of multi-element microchemistry of fish otoliths. Two software platforms are being used to examine relationships between elemental concentrations at varying distances from the otolith core: DISCO2 and ArcGIS spatial statistics toolbox. DISCO2 is a free, web-based data analysis and...

The increasing trend in riverine phosphorus (P) loads resulting from anthropogenic inputs has gained wide attention because of the well-known role of P in eutrophication. So far, however, there is still limited scientific understanding of anthropogenic P inputs and their impacts on riverine flux in river reaches along the upstream-to-downstream con...

China is undergoing a rapid transition from a rural to an urban society. This societal change is a consequence of a national drive toward economic prosperity. However, accelerated urban development resulting from rapid population migration from rural to urban lands has led to high levels of untreated sewage entering aquatic ecosystems directly. Con...

In order to assess the progress toward eutrophication management goals, it is important to understand trends in land-based nutrient use. Here we present net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI, respectively) for 2000 and 2010 for the Baltic Sea watershed. Overall, across the entire Baltic, between the 5-year periods centered...

In 2003, the National Research Council recommended the use of process-based modeling to help provide scientifically sound estimates of ammonia and other pollutant emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) for use in regulatory and management programs. Because the primary source of ammonia emissions from AFOs is excreted nitrogen (N), the deve...

Patterns of Net Anthropogenic N and P inputs to the Hudson-Mohawk Basin

Human activities are the main drivers of alterations of regional N cycles. With increasing population and economic development, human-induced N inputs are expected to continue to increase in the future, especially in many regions of developing countries. Because N sources vary substantially at different temporal and spatial scales and stages of eco...

Riverine phosphorus (P) levels in headwaters are a worldwide concern for environmental management due to the sensitivity of freshwater ecosystems to phosphorus loads. Here, we evaluate P in the Huai River Basin of China, a watershed with one of the highest intensities of human-activity in the world. Estimates of net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs...

We present tools for estimating regional nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to watersheds and other regions, with the aim of developing relationships between these inputs and riverine nutrient exports to coastal waters. NANI (Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input), first introduced by Howarth et al.1996, is calculated as the sum of oxidized N deposition, fe...

This study provides a new approach to estimate both anthropogenic non-point-source and point-source nitrogen (N) inputs to the landscape, and determines their impacts on riverine ammonia–nitrogen (AN) flux, providing a foundation for further exploration of anthropogenic effects on N pollution. Our study site is Huai River basin of China, a water–sh...

The advent of the Anthropocene underscores the need to develop and implement transformative governance strategies that safeguard the Earth's life-support systems, most critically at the ocean–land interface — the Margin. The seaward realm of the Margin is the new frontier for resource exploitation and colonization to meet the needs of coastal natio...

This study provides a new approach to estimate both anthropogenic non-point and point nitrogen (N) inputs to the landscape, and determines their impacts on riverine ammonia-nitrogen (AN) flux, providing a foundation for further exploration of anthropogenic effects on N pollution. Our study site is Huai River Basin of China, a watershed with one of...

The environmental degradation of lakes in China has become increasingly serious over the last 30 years and eutrophication resulting from enhanced nutrient inputs is considered a top threat. In this study, a quasi-mass balance method, net anthropogenic N inputs (NANI), was introduced to assess the human influence on N input into three typical Chines...

This study evaluates the ability of the Catchment SIMulation (CSIM) hydrologic model to describe seasonal and regional variations in river discharge over the entire Baltic Sea drainage basin (BSDB) based on 31 years of monthly simulation from 1970 through 2000. To date, the model has been successfully applied to simulate annual fluxes of water from...

Watershed models play an important role in modern water resource management, increasingly demanding a robust hydrologic data framework to estimate watershed hydrochemical processes. The Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF), a typical watershed model with modest data requirements, has been applied to watershed-scale hydrochemical estimation...

In this paper, we apply an established methodology for estimating Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs (NANI) to India and its major watersheds. Our primary goal here is to provide initial estimates of major nitrogen inputs of NANI for India, at the country level and for major Indian watersheds, including data sources and parameter estimates, making s...

Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) with components of atmospheric N deposition, synthetic N fertilizer, agricultural N fixation and N in net food and feed imports from 15 catchments in the Lake Dianchi basin were determined over an 11-year period (2000–2010). The 15 catchments range in size from 44 km2 to 316 km2 with an average of 175 km2. T...

Excessive nitrogen loads and subsequent eutrophication risk have led to a series of critical water quality problems in Chinese watersheds. To address this issue, a modeling approach is useful for quantifying nitrogen sources, assessing source apportionment, and guiding management responses. In this study, we modeled the main hydrochemical processes...

Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) with components of atmospheric N deposition, synthetic N fertilizer, agricultural N fixation and N in net food and feed imports from 15 catchments in Lake Dianchi Basin were determined over an 11 year period (2000-2010). The 15 catchments range in size from 44 km2 to 316 km2 with an average of 175 km2. To re...

The Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) requires tools to simulate effects and costs of various nutrient abatement strategies. Hierarchically connected databases and models of the entire catchment have been created to allow decision makers to view scenarios via the decision support system NEST. Increased intensity in agriculture in transient countries wo...

River ecosystems drain the landscape through hierarchical series of fluvial channels, beginning with small headwater streams, and enlarging, ultimately, to estuaries meeting the sea. Several conceptual models provide unifying concepts about the connections of rivers with the landscape in terms of ecosystem properties such as processing of energy an...

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The net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) approach is a simple quasi-mass-balance that estimates the human-induced nitrogen inputs to a watershed. Across a wide range of watersheds, NANI has been shown to be a good predictor of riverine nitrogen export. In this paper, we review various methodologies proposed for NANI estimation since its first in...

Models and related analytical methods are critical tools for use in modern watershed management. A modeling approach for quantifying the source apportionment of dissolved nitrogen (DN) and associated tools for examining the sensitivity and uncertainty of the model estimates were assessed for the Sha He River (SHR) watershed in China. The Regional N...

We present the first estimates of net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) in European boreal catchments. In Swedish catchments, nitrogen (N) deposition is a major N input (31–94%). Hence, we used two different N deposition inputs to calculate NANI for 36 major Swedish catchments. The relationship between riverine N export and NANI was strongest whe...

Highly resolved (30-min period) measurements of dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, and turbidity in streams over 2–6 days during dry and wet periods within and outside the heavily urbanized city of Syracuse, NY are used to calculate gross primary production (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (ER) and total and net ecosystem production (NE...

The history of New York City (NYC) is much shorter than those of most European cities, but New York shares in common the problem of providing sufficient water and food to its inhabitants from its watershed and foodshed. These resource provision areas have grown over time and changed in character as they expanded in tandem with the growth of the cit...

No abstract. Editorial overview.

Highlights ► Anthropogenic N inputs represent the dominant sources of N to most watersheds and their coastal waters globally. ► Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs (NANI) include fertilizer N, atmospheric N deposition, crop N fixation, and N in net human food and livestock feed. ► Research has demonstrated empirical relationships between NANI and N e...

The NANI/NAPI (net anthropogenic nitrogen/phosphorus input) Calculator Toolbox described in this paper is designed to address the consequences to Baltic Sea nutrient loads of the significant variation in agronomic practices and dietary preferences among European countries whose watersheds comprise the Baltic Sea basin. A primary objective of this w...

The flux of nitrogen (N) to coastal marine ecosystems is strongly correlated with the "net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs" (NANI) to the landscape across 154 watersheds, ranging in size from 16 km 2 to 279 000 km 2 , in the US and Europe. When NANI values are greater than 1070 kg N km⁻² yr⁻¹, an average of 25% of the NANI is exported from those wate...

The flux of nitrogen (N) to coastal marine ecosystems is strongly correlated with the “net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs” (NANI) to the landscape across 154 watersheds, ranging in size from 16 km2 to 279 000 km2, in the US and Europe. When NANI values are greater than 1070 kg N km–2 yr–1, an average of 25% of the NANI is exported from those watersh...

From its beginnings, the LOICZ biogeochemical budget program has been charged with investigating changes in the biology, chemistry, and physics of the coastal zone. The LOICZ budget approach grew out of the need to assess quantitatively, and with limited data, the role of the coastal ocean in processing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus as materials...

Biogeochemical budgets have been used for many years to provide insights into the magnitudes of nutrient fluxes, processes, and cycles in coastal waters and other environments, to examine the impacts of human activities on these processes, and to consider environmental impacts of alternative management options. This chapter summarizes the basic ide...

Plant establishment patterns suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) inoculant is not found ubiquitously. The role of animal vectors dispersing viable EMF spores is well documented. Here we investigate the role of wind in basidiospore dispersal for six EMF species, Inocybe lacera, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius rufus, Suillus brevipes, Suillus tomen...

The “Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input” (NANI) to a region represents an estimate of anthropogenic net nitrogen (N) fluxes across its boundaries, and is thus a measure of the effect of human activity on the regional nitrogen cycle. NANI accounts for the fluxes of atmospheric N deposition, fertilizer N application, agricultural N fixation, and net fo...

One of the major questions within the Land–Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Core Project is to evaluate the role of the coastal ocean in global carbon–nitrogen–phosphorus cycles. Carbon is generally considered to be the “major currency” within the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle...

Full text available at: http://nest.su.se/mnode/Toolbox/LOICZ_Toolbox_Documentation.doc . LOICZ budget toolbox webpage: http://nest.su.se/mnode/Toolbox/LOICZ_Toolbox.htm

Background/Question/Methods Human activity has more than doubled the global continental cycles of both nitrogen and phosphorus. Regionally, there is huge variation in the extent to which these cycles have been accelerated, with little change in some regions and more than 10-fold increases in nutrient fluxes in rivers in other regions. One conseque...

Most modern estimates of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus delivery to the ocean use Meybeck's estimates from approximately 30 large rivers. We have derived an extended database of approximately 165 sites with nutrient loads. For both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), the logarithmic yields (log [load/area...

Typology, the ‘study or systematic classification of types that have characteristics or traits in common’, has become a commonly used term and technique in coastal zone studies over the past two decades. At least part of this is due to adoption by the first Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) project of a typological approach as a w...

The Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) biogeochemical model (LBM) was applied at different temporal and spatial scales in 17 Italian lagoons of the LaguNet network (http://www.dsa.unipr.it/lagunet). A series of alternative assumptions taking into account benthic vegetation and sedimentary fluxes were introduced and compared with th...

Estuaries exhibit a large range in their responses to nitrogen loadings determined in part by characteristics of the driver, such as magnitude and frequency, but also by such intrinsic characteristics as physical/chemical factors (e.g., depth, volume, hypsometry, salinity, turbidity) and biological factors (e.g., nature of ecological communities, t...