Denis Marcellin-Little

University of California, Davis | UCD · Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (VM)

OBJECTIVE Histologically evaluate damage to rabbit femur after the creation of bicortical 1.5-mm-diameter holes using a standard surgical drill bit, an acrylic drill bit, and a Kirschner wire (K-wire). METHODS 10 femora (5 pairs) from skeletally mature female intact New Zealand white rabbits were used. The bone diaphyses were divided into 4 locati...

Objective To compare three measurement methods for acetabular sizing and evaluate the influence of osteoarthritis (OA) on the accuracy of measurements. Study design Observational study. Sample Radiographic images of 73 hip joints from 60 dogs with cementless cups. Methods Radiographs were anonymized and measured independently by three observers....

Objective To describe percentage length changes in the femur after total hip replacement (THR) performed before skeletal maturity. Study design Retrospective study. Animals Twenty‐four dogs younger than 8.5 months which underwent unilateral THR and had radiographic follow up. Methods Preoperative and follow‐up radiographs were reviewed. Radiogra...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether total elbow replacement (TER) through a lateral approach is accurate and stable. ANIMALS 12 skeletally mature large-breed dog cadavers were used. METHODS Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, and collateral ligament laxity were evaluated preoperatively. The order of surgery (left or right) and the approach (lateral or med...

Objective: To investigate the impact of surgery resident training on surgery duration in tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and evaluate whether surgery duration differs with each year of residency training. Study design: Retrospective medical record review. Animals: A total of 256 client-owned dogs underwent TPLO. Methods: Records of...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the kinematics and stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of cats and dogs with and without a TMJ replacement (TMJR) prosthesis under simulated bite forces and mouth opening. ANIMALS Sixteen cadaver skulls from domestic cats (n = 8) and medium- to large-breed dogs (n = 8). METHODS Intact TMJs were tested. Following c...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare drilling variables and torsional mechanical properties of rabbit femora after bicortical drilling with a 1.5-mm standard surgical drill bit, acrylic drill bit, and K-wire. SAMPLES 24 pairs of rabbit femora. METHODS After drilling under controlled axial displacement rate, each bone was biaxially...

OBJECTIVE To objectively measure the current demographic makeup of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and to develop a survey tool to be used as a metric to measure future changes in the ACVS demographic profile. SAMPLE 737 ACVS diplomates. METHODS A 14-item electronic survey was sent to 2,199 ACVS diplomates between Au...

Patient-centered care is increasingly advocated in human physical therapy and musculoskeletal rehabilitation to improve quality care and patient outcomes. Veterinary physical rehabilitation is an essential aspect of veterinary care and is inherently multidimensional. Historically, rehabilitation focused on physical aspects and omitted components cr...

OBJECTIVE To report the outcome of locally administered antibiotic-impregnated poloxamer 407 (P407) hydrogel in dogs diagnosed with orthopedic surgical site infections (SSIs) and to identify risk factors for treatment failure. ANIMALS 34 client-owned dogs diagnosed with an orthopedic surgical site infection treated with local antibiotic-impregnate...

Objective To understand relative frequency of adverse health events, defined as injuries or infectious diseases, in dogs participating in agility and to determine health research priorities of agility dog owners. Procedures An internet-based questionnaire distributed to agility dog owners included items related to experiences with infectious disea...

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the chondrodystrophy-associated FGF4L2 retrogene on intervertebral disc (IVD) calcification and vertebral geometry. Animals: 22 Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTR) with no FGF4L2 retrogene (n = 7, wild-type dogs), 1 retrogene copy (8, heterozygous dogs), or 2 retrogene copies (7, homozygous dogs)....

Objective: Determine whether dogs with well-functioning orthopedic metal implants can develop metal reactivity. Sample: Client-owned dogs that had tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or total hip replacement (THR) implants for 12 months or more and control dogs with no implants. Procedures: Lymphocyte transformation testing was performed...

This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize the severity and distribution of OA in the stifle joints of small and medium dogs with CCL injury and/or MPL. Radiographs of the stifle joints from 218 dogs from 10 small and medium breeds were included; 127 joints had CCL injury, 76 joints had MPL, and 73 joints had CCL injury and MPL. O...

Objective: To compare osteoarthritis scores assigned through radiographic evaluation of 18 anatomic regions in the elbow joint with scores assigned through evaluation of 3-D maximum intensity projection (MIP), 3-D surface rendering (TSR), and multiplanar reconstructed (MPR) CT images, and to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver agreement of ra...

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common orthopedic conditions affecting dogs. Initially, laxity of the femur leads to subluxation, and subluxation can lead to an abnormal development or to progressive degeneration of the femoral head and dorsal acetabular rim. Osteoarthritis and its clinical impact progress over time. Changes to the femoral head an...

These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is fundamental to successful treatment, and diagnostic guides and algorithms are included for assessment of both acute and chronic pain. Particularly for chronic pain, capturing...

Two FGF4 retrogenes (FGF4L1 on chromosome 18 and FGF4L2 on chromosome 12) have been identified to cause dwarfism across many dog breeds. Some breeds are nearly homozygous for both retrogenes (e.g., Dachshunds) and others are homozygous for just one (e.g., Beagles and Scottish Terriers). Since most breeds do not segregate both of these retrogenes, i...

Background Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most common causes of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. Risk factors for CCLR include breed (especially large and giant breeds), body weight, gender and spay/neuter status, and age. Few studies have evaluated physical activity and fitness indicators, however, as risk factors for disease....

This study in dogs explored the feasibility of using cartilage fragments removed and discarded during routine palliative surgery for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) as a source of primary chondrocytes for scaffold-free cartilage tissue-engineering. Primary chondrocytes were obtained from three OCD donors and one age-matched healthy articular cartil...

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of six depth gauges used in three tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate holes. Study design Ex vivo experimental study. Animals and sample population Cadaveric canine limbs (n = 10), one 25-mm-thick wood board, and one 33.8-mm-diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Methods A TPLO was performed on 10 c...

The field of veterinary rehabilitation has expanded as veterinarians have realized the importance of optimizing oversight and postoperative care and managing patients with a variety of conditions without surgery. Pathology of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) has received attention from a rehabilitation perspective both following surgical stabili...

Objectives This work sought to determine the prognosis for dogs for return to athletic function in canine agility competitions after digit amputation. Materials and Methods Data were collected using an Internet-based survey of owners of agility dogs with digit disorders that required amputation. Signalment and physical characteristics were compared...

Objective: To describe methods to measure the 3-D orientation of the proximal, diaphyseal, and distal segments of the canine radius by use of computer-aided design software (CADS) and to compare the repeatability and reliability of measurements derived by those methods. Sample: 31 canine radii with biapical deformities and 24 clinically normal (...

Background: This study aimed to define the rate of progression of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the canine hip joint and to describe factors affecting this progression. Methods: Dogs that underwent unilateral total hip replacement (THR) were reviewed for the evaluation of radiographic appearance of the non-operated hip joint over time. Sta...

Objective: To determine the influence of interlocking screw threads on the biomechanical properties of repaired canine humeral condylar fractures. Study design: Ex vivo biomechanical study. Sample population: Thirty-six humeral condyles. Methods: Simulated fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle were stabilized by a 3.5 mm int...

18F‐Sodium Fluoride (18F‐NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) provides high resolution functional information about bone activity and can be fused with CT images to improve three‐dimensional localization and characterization of lesions. This prospective, observational study assessed 18F‐NaF PET‐CT for imaging of canine elbows, compared PET with...

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of still images of needle arthroscopy (SNAR), still images of traditional arthroscopy (STAR), and computed tomography (CT) to diagnose medial coronoid process (MCP) pathology. Study design: Prospective clinical trial. Animals: Dogs (n = 17) presented for evaluation of elbow dysplasia. Methods: For...

Objective: To report the clinical characteristics, surgical management, and medium-term outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) performed in dogs with previous contralateral pelvic limb amputation. Animals: Thirteen client-owned dogs. Study design: Multi-institutional retrospective clinical study. Methods: Data recorded from medical records...

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, commonly referred to as 3D printing, provide a good prospect for medical applications because complex geometries and customized parts can be fabricated to meet individual patient needs. Orthopedic implants are a group of medical parts with high relevance for AM. This paper discusses relevant AM techno...

Objective This study aimed to report the adverse drug events and treatment outcome of systemic linezolid therapy to manage multi-drug resistant orthopaedic surgical site infection in dogs. Materials and Methods Retrospective case review of four dogs that received linezolid to treat surgical site infections after orthopaedic surgery. Reevaluations c...

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of cold compression therapy (CCT) relative to a soft padded bandage (SPB) in dogs undergoing surgery to manage cranial cruciate ligament injury. Methods:Dogs were randomized into groups that received CCT or SPB after surgery. Weight bearing was measured using a weight distribution platform b...

Background: Little is known about the weight distribution to the remaining limbs for amputee dogs that undergo orthopedic surgery. The objective of the paper was to describe stance and weight distribution after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in forelimb and in hind limb amputees (AmpTPLO) and to compare them to four-legged TPLO patients...

This chapter discusses conditions affecting the carpal region (i.e. any of the structures affecting the carpal joint and surrounding area). A brief discussion of the clinically relevant local anatomy is followed by a detailed description of the history, physical examination, and diagnostic findings typically found in patients presenting with pathol...

Objective: To evaluate accuracy of articular surfaces determined by use of 2 perpendicular CT orientations, micro-CT, and laser scanning. Sample: 23 cat cadavers. Procedures: Images of antebrachia were obtained by use of CT (voxel size, 0.6 mm) in longitudinal orientation (CTLO images) and transverse orientation (CTTO images) and by use of mic...

Chondrodystrophy results in predictable and progressive biochemical and structural changes to the intervertebral disc, resulting in early onset degeneration and dystrophic mineralization of the disc. Accelerated degeneration and mineralization of the intervertebral disc are common in multiple dog breeds and can result in compromised function, herni...

Objectives: Osseointegrated prostheses are increasingly used for amputees, however, the lengthy rehabilitation time of these prostheses remains a challenge to their implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of locally applied vibration or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to accelerate osseointegration and increase...

Background: Overheating is a common form of injury in working dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of three postexercise cooling methods in dogs with exercise-induced heat stress. Methods: Nine athletically conditioned dogs were exercised at 10kph for 15 minutes on a treadmill in a hot environmental chamber (30°C...

Osteoarthritis is a ubiquitous disease in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to characterize the severity and distribution of osteoarthritis (OA) within the joint and to identify differences among dog breeds in the severity of OA in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)‐deficient stifle joint. Radiographs of 240 stifles from 51 Boxers,...

This report describes a clinical case of a press fit biological fixation femoral implant neck fracture (fatigue failure) and its revisions in a dog. A total hip arthroplasty revision was performed. The stem was replaced with a bigger one through a V-shape osteotomy of the proximal–lateral aspect of the femur. Stabilization was accomplished using a...

Objective This study assessed femur properties in 80 adult female rats exposed to a range of whole body vibration amplitudes at 45 Hz over five weeks. Our hypothesis was that an optimal amplitude for whole body vibration would be apparent and would result in increased bone strength. Methods Animals were treated in five amplitude groups (0 g, 0.15...

The motion of wing joints is a critical factor for successful flight in avian patients, but little information is available about goniometry in birds. Elbow and carpus joints in flexed and extended positions from 10 orthopedically normal wings of 6 adult wild barred owls (Strix varia) were evaluated with the animals under general anesthesia using a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 3-D geometry of canine pelves and to characterize the long-term effects of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) on pelvic geometry by comparing the pelvic configuration between littermates that did and did not undergo the procedure. ANIMALS 24 Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, or Labrador Retriever–Golden Retriever cros...

Transcutaneous osseointegrated prostheses provide stable connections to the skeleton while eliminating skin lesions experienced with socket prosthetics. Additive manufacturing can create custom textured implants capable of interfacing with amputees' residual bones. Our objective was to compare osseointegration of textured surface implants made by e...

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of detection of temperature differences among skin sites of lay individuals and manual physical therapists. Methods: Forty-four manual physical therapists and 44 lay individuals were recruited. Subjects palpated two temperature-controlled surfaces that ranged in temperature between 30 and 35 °C and varied random...

OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk factors for digit injuries in dogs training and competing in agility events. DESIGN Internet-based, retrospective, cross-sectional survey. ANIMALS 1,081 dogs training or competing in agility events. PROCEDURES Data were collected for eligible animals via retrospective surveys distributed electronically to handle...

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of radiographic malpositioning on canine sacroiliac and lumbosacral inclination angles. Methods: Using canine cadavers, lateral pelvic radiographs were acquired with the radiographic beam in a neutral position and then rotated 5, 10 and 15° to mimic rotational malpositioning. The focal point of the beam was...

Cruciate ligament rupture (CR) predominantly affects the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). CR and patellar luxation (PL) are two common causes of dysfunction and lameness in dogs that are generally independent but can coexist. Stabilization of the CrCL-deficient stifle joint combined with PL is challenging because technical steps from both surgical...

This chapter reviews rehabilitation goals and treatment options for dogs with cruciate ligament rupture (CR), explains the scientific evidence supporting rehabilitation, and discusses the selection of rehabilitation plans for specific patients. Rehabilitation is often performed during the early postoperative period after surgical stabilization, but...

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the femoral stem can be fixed with or without bone cement. Cementless stem fixation is recommended for young and active patients as it eliminates the risk of loss of fixation at the bone-cement and cement-implant interfaces. Cementless fixation, however, suffers from a relatively high early revision rate. In the cur...

OBJECTIVE To assess 3-D geometry of the humerus of dogs and determine whether the craniocaudal canal flare index (CFI) is associated with specific geometric features. SAMPLE CT images (n = 40) and radiographs (38) for 2 groups of skeletally mature nonchondrodystrophic dogs. PROCEDURES General dimensions (length, CFI, cortical thickness, and humeral...

Objective: To assess the influence of a 50% distal ulnectomy on mediolateral carpal stability in the dog. Study design: Canine cadaveric study. Sample population: Seven canine thoracic limbs METHODS: Thoracic limbs were placed in a jig to mimic weight bearing with a load representing 30% of body weight. Carpal extension angle was standardized...

OBJECTIVE To assess the repeatability and accuracy of polymer replicas of small, medium, and large long bones of small animals fabricated by use of 2 low-end and 2 high-end 3-D printers. SAMPLE Polymer replicas of a cat femur, dog radius, and dog tibia were fabricated in triplicate by use of each of four 3-D printing methods. PROCEDURES 3-D renderi...

Hip dysplasia is among the most common orthopedic conditions affecting dogs. Joint laxity is responsible for abnormal development of the femoral head and acetabulum, leading to excessive wear of the articular cartilage. Wear leads to secondary osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation is either conservative or after surgical management. Conservative rehabilit...

Osseointegrated implants transfer loads from native bone to a synthetic joint and can also function transdermally to provide a stable connection between the skeleton and the prostheses, eliminating many problems associated with socket prostheses. Additive manufacturing provides a cost-effective means to create patient-specific implants and allows f...

Objective: To evaluate lateral fabellotibial suture (LFTS) and TightRope CCL (TR) extra-articular stabilization biomechanics in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient canine stifle joint during the stance phase of gait. Study design: Computer simulations. Animals: Healthy 33-kg Golden Retriever. Methods: LFTS and TR were implemented...

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of measurements collected using a weight distribution platform and a pressure sensitive walkway using an inanimate object with known weight distribution. Methods: A custom-built jig with a range of weights was applied in a random order. Measurements were collected on both devices and compared...

The objective of this work was to understand glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization on mesoporous carbon (MC) and the electrochemical performance of a bio-anode fabricated from GOx-immobilized MC. GOx, MC, and NaCl concentrations significantly influenced GOx immobilization. The GOx enzyme adsorption on MC increased by 2.3 times when the total solute...

OBJECTIVE To investigate in vitro carboplatin release from 6 carrier media. SAMPLE 6 carboplatin-containing carrier media. PROCEDURES An in vitro release study was performed with 6 commercially available carrier media: a hemostatic gelatin sponge, a poloxamer copolymer gel, and 2 sizes (3 and 4.8 mm in diameter) of beads molded from each of 2 comme...

Purpose: To assess validity and inter- and intra-tester reliability of equine goniometry and to establish values for carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal flexion and extension in horses. Subjects: Seventeen healthy equine subjects of varied breeds were used. Methods: Three investigators blindly and independently measure...

Objective: To assess the geometry of canine humeri as seen on radiographs in chondrodystrophic dogs (CD) and brachycephalic dogs (BD) compared to non-chondrodystrophic dogs (NCD). Methods: Mediolateral (ML) and craniocaudal (CC) radiographs of skeletally mature humeri were used (CD [n = 5], BD [n = 9], NCD [n = 48]) to evaluate general dimension...

OBJECTIVE To assess intraobserver repeatability and interobserver and in vivo versus photographic agreement of a scoring system for the implant-skin interface (ISI) of external skeletal fixation (ESF). SAMPLE 42 photographs of ISIs from 18 dogs for interobserver agreement and intraobserver repeatability and 27 photographs of ISIs from 6 dogs for in...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of 4 biomechanical parameters on canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-intact and -deficient stifle joints. SAMPLE Data for computer simulations of a healthy 5-year-old 33-kg neutered male Golden Retriever in a previously developed 3-D rigid body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase during...

Objective: Evaluate variability associated with assessing changes in the position of uncemented femoral stems. Methods: Stem level, canal fill, stem angle, and version angle were measured on craniocaudal horizontal beam (CCHB) and open leg lateral (OLL) radiographic projections of the femur of 20 dogs that had uncemented total hip replacement. I...

Objectives: To evaluate the patellar ligament to tibial plateau angle (PL-TPA) and amount of achieved advancement in dogs that underwent the modified Maquet procedure; compare wedge sizes recommended using two different planning techniques (Orthomed and modified tibial tuberosity advancement); and evaluate anatomical factors that predict the wedge...

div class="title">Novel Materials and Structures Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting - Volume 21 Issue S3 - Harvey West, Ola Harrysson, Tim Horn, Denis Cormier, Ron Aman, Denis Marcellin-Little

To evaluate the effects of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on canine biomechanics in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle using a 3-dimensional quasi-static rigid body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase of gait. Computer simulations. A 5-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever weighing 33 kg. A TTA was imple...

To report complications in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture following single-stage bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement (SS-BTTA) procedures, and to compare these complications to a population of dogs undergoing unilateral tibial tuberosity advancement (UTTA). Medical records and radiographs of client-owned dogs tr...

Veterinary medicine has undergone a rapid increase in specialization over the last three decades. Veterinarians now routinely perform joint replacement, neurosurgery, limb-sparing surgery, interventional radiology, radiation therapy, and other complex medical procedures. Many procedures involve advanced imaging and surgical planning. Evidence-based...

Patients who have total joint arthroplasty have varying needs related to rehabilitation. In the short term, rehabilitation should be used in all dogs to identify high-risk patients and to minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications. Many patients undergoing total hip replacement recover uneventfully without needing long-term physiotherap...