Declan Millett

University College Cork | UCC · University Dental School and Hospital

Indefinite retention is now considered essential to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. Compliance with removable retainer wear is suboptimal and appears to decline with time post-treatment. As a result, use of bonded retainers may become more commonplace in the future. In this narrative review, the characteristics of bonded retainers are...

Background: Early dental decay or demineralised lesions (DLs, also known as white spot lesions) can appear on teeth during fixed orthodontic (brace) treatment. Fluoride reduces decay in susceptible individuals, including orthodontic patients. This review compared various forms of topical fluoride to prevent the development of DLs during orthodonti...

Objective To compare Phase 1 treatment, using the Frankel 2 (FR2) or the modified Twin Block (MTB), for Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents with respect to: treatment duration, number of appliance breakages, occlusal outcome, and patient and parent perspectives. Materials and Methods Sixty participants with a Class II divi...

Introduction In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence of new demineralized lesions and bond failures between 2 groups of participants wearing fixed orthodontic appliances bonded with either light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement or light-cured composite. Methods This trial was a multicenter (6 centers: 2 teaching hospitals, 4 spec...

Objective: To obtain the opinion of British Orthodontic Society (BOS) members in relation to possible patterns of prescription of orthodontic extractions over the past 5–10 years and to relate any changes identified to treatment objectives, facial and smile aesthetics, and treatment strategies and adjuncts. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire. Se...

Background: Initial arch wires are the first arch wires to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and are used mainly for the alignment of teeth by correcting crowding and rotations. With a number of different types of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understan...

Background: Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is important to enable effective and efficient treatment with fixed appliances. The problem is bracket failure during treatment which increases operator chairside time and lengthens treatment time. A prolonged treatment is likely to increase the oral health risks of orthodontic treatment with fi...

Background: A Class II division 2 malocclusion is characterised by upper front teeth that are retroclined (tilted toward the roof of the mouth) and an increased overbite (deep overbite), which can cause oral problems and may affect appearance.This problem can be corrected by the use of special dental braces (functional appliances) that move the up...

Background/objectives: Functional appliances are commonly used to correct Class II malocclusion. This study aimed to compare the facial soft tissue changes in Caucasians between pre-treatment and with the construction bite versus pre-treatment and completion of treatment with a modified Twin-block appliance (MTBA). Materials and methods: Fifty-e...

Background: A Class II division 2 malocclusion is characterised by upper front teeth that are retroclined (tilted toward the roof of the mouth) and an increased overbite (deep overbite), which can cause oral problems and may affect appearance.This problem can be corrected by the use of special dental braces (functional appliances) that move the up...

Abstract Background Retention is the phase of orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in the corrected positions after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without a phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position (relapse). To prevent relapse, almost every person who has orthodontic treatment will re...

Background/aims Mild resting facial asymmetry exists in clinically symmetrical faces, but the effect of smiling on the magnitude of overall facial asymmetry in adults has not been assessed. The aim of the present study was to use stereophotogrammetry to quantify the effect of smiling on overall facial asymmetry in Caucasian adults who presented wit...

The need for long-term retention following orthodontic treatment is now considered essential to prevent post-orthodontic treatment relapse. The vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) has gained popularity in recent times. This paper describes briefly the characteristics of VFRs and summarizes the evidence in relation to their effectiveness. Clinical Relevanc...

To determine the relationship between clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSD) and archform classification in orthodontic patients. Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured us...

Objective: To compare mean anterior (AR) and mean overall (OR) tooth size ratios, prevalence of clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSDs) and correlation between AR and OR in subjects with Class II division 1 and Class III malocclusion treated by surgical-orthodontic or orthodontic means. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional. Set...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Social perceptions are influenced by dental appearance. The aim of this study was to determine whether social perceptions of a young adult are influenced by orthodontic retainer design and appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following ethical approval, a pilot-tested questionnaire study was conducted with 402 third-level studen...

Background: Demineralised white lesions (DWLs) can appear on teeth during fixed brace treatment because of early decay around the brackets that attach the braces to the teeth. Fluoride is effective in reducing decay in susceptible individuals in the general population. Individuals receiving orthodontic treatment may be prescribed various forms of...

Objective: To evaluate retention protocols and use of vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) among specialist orthodontists. Design: Postal/electronic (e-) questionnaire. Setting: Republic of Ireland. Participants: Members of the Dental Council of Ireland Specialist Register of Orthodontists and/or Orthodontic Society of Ireland. Methods: A pilot-...

The aim of this audit was to evaluate orthodontic treatment eligibility among new patients referred for assessment from primary dental care clinics in the Health Service Executive (HSE) South region to a HSE orthodontic referral centre. A data collection form was designed and applied prospectively to consecutive new patient referrals who attended d...

To evaluate the case profile and verify the treatment eligibility (based on the modified IOTN) from written case records, of patients accepted for orthodontic treatment from the North Cork area of HSE South. A data collection form was designed and applied to the written case records of 200 consecutive patients accepted for orthodontic treatment in...

Initial arch wires are the first arch wires to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and are used mainly for the alignment of teeth by correcting crowding and rotations. With a number of different types of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which wire...

Background and objective: Objective assessment of postsurgical facial asymmetry can be difficult, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques have made this possible. The objective of this study was to assess residual asymmetry in surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and to compare th...

A tooth size discrepancy (TSD) indicates disproportion in tooth sizes. TSDs should be considered in treatment planning for the orthodontic patient to ensure an optimal occlusal outcome. The method of calculation of a TSD is explained. The prevalence in orthodontic patients, their aetiology and management are outlined. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians...

Our objectives were to evaluate the evidence with regard to the effectiveness and stability of orthodontic treatment interventions for Class II Division 2 malocclusion in children and adolescents. This is a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Cochrane Oral Health Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Contr...

Protocol has been withdrawn as it is a non-priority topic.

To investigate the use of bonded molar tubes (BMTs) by specialist orthodontists. Prospective postal questionnaire. Ireland. Registered members of the Orthodontic Society of Ireland. A questionnaire was posted to registered members of the Orthodontic Society of Ireland. It investigated demographics, pattern of use, reasons for use and techniques for...

WBA is not a new concept; rather it is rooted in the master-apprentice model which has been around for centuries where an apprentice performed a task until deemed competent by the master. 1 WBAs are not the panacea we are looking for either,18 but several characteristics of WBA make it particularly appealing for assessing trainee's performance:1 fa...

Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional nasal morphology following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow University. Patients and partic...

Objective: To evaluate three-dimensional lip morphology, following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting: Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, U.K. Patients and participants: Two g...

The objective of this study was to determine if increased overjet (greater than 6 mm) influences the magnitude and reproducibility of natural smile and maximal smile in Caucasian adult females. Twenty adult females with an increased overjet (6-10 mm) and 20 control adult females (overjet 2-4 mm) with no history of orthodontic treatment volunteered...

Randomised clinical trials are commonly undertaken in medical and dental research. However, few authors discuss the difficulties associated with such studies, including costs, ethical issues and recruitment of an adequate number of patients. There is little information available on the number of studies which are terminated early as a result of the...

Background: Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (dental braces) to correct the positions of teeth. The success of a fixed appliance depends partly on the metal attachments (brackets and bands) being glued to the teeth so that they do not become detached during treatment. Brackets (metal squares) are usually attached...

Statement of the problem: All dental caries needs must be addressed before orthodontic treatment in those deemed eligible for orthodontic treatment under HSE (Health Services Executive) guidelines.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the prevalence of carious lesions in permanent teeth requiring restoration in patients from the North Cork area of H...

To determine the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies (TSDs) in an Irish orthodontic population among different malocclusion groups. From 850 pretreatment sets of orthodontic models at a university clinic, 240 were selected with 30 female and 30 male sets for each malocclusion (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III). Di...

Background: The initial arch wire is the first arch wire to be inserted into the fixed appliance at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and is used mainly for correcting crowding and rotations of teeth. With a number of orthodontic arch wires available for initial tooth alignment, it is important to understand which wire is most efficient, as w...

To screen patients with oligoarticular and polyarticular forms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) to determine (i) the severity of their class II skeletal pattern; (ii) temporomandibular joint signs and symptoms and (iii) use of systemic corticosteroids. Cross-sectional screening. Sixty-eight children with JIA aged between 9 and 16 years old wh...

To evaluate the effectiveness of adhesives used to attach bands to teeth during fixed appliance treatment. Electronic databases, conference proceedings and the Internet were searched. There was no restriction with regard to publication status or language of publication. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) (incl...

Aims: 1) Measure orthodontic patient self-esteem and quality of life at the conclusion of orthodontic treatment and at retention 2) measure the difference between orthodontic patient self-esteem at the conclusion of treatment and at retention 3) measure the difference between orthodontic patient quality of life at the conclusion of treatment and at...

Objectives: Measure and assess the relationship between 1) pre-treatment patient self-esteem and quality of life and 2) professionally defined pre-treatment need for a selected group of orthodontic patients. Methods: A longitudinal study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 357 consecutive patients aged 11 to 21 years old about...

Objectives: 1) score pre- and post-treat ment orthodontic patient study models using the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) scales of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and 2) assess changes in IOTN (DHC and AC) and PAR scores from pre- to post-treatment. Methods: A long...

There is insufficient evidence to determine the most effective adhesive for attaching orthodontic bands to molar teeth in patients with full arch fixed orthodontic appliances Orthodontic treatment involves using fixed or removable appliances (braces) on teeth to correct their position. It has been shown that the quality of treatment result obtained...

White spots can appear on teeth during fixed brace treatment because of early decay around the brace attachments. Fluoride is effective at reducing decay in susceptible individuals and is routinely prescribed in various different forms to patients during orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride in preventing whit...

To determine the magnitude and reproducibility of forces generated by clinicians during laceback placement using a force-measuring typodont. An in vitro investigation. An in vitro typodont model was developed, which incorporated strain gauges attached to a personal computer to allow measurement of the force generated on application of lacebacks. Te...

To determine whether differences exist in the shape and position of the lips between Class II division 2 and Class I malocclusions. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects with Class II division 2 (n = 30) and Class I (n = 30) incisor relationships were scanned at 300 dpi to produce digital images. These were subsequently digitized in random...

Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) assess the relationship between social class, age and gender and orthodontic patients' reasons for seeking treatment and subjective treatment need and 2) measure the impact of orthodontic treatment on patients' self-esteem and quality of life at three discrete intervals: the beginning of treatment, three months a...

To evaluate the effectiveness of different retention strategies used to maintain tooth position after treatment by orthodontic appliances. The search strategy was carried out according to the standard Cochrane systematic review methodology. The following databases were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT) or controlled clinical trials (CCT...

Authors: Helen Rodd, and Alyson Wray. Publisher: Quintessence Publishing, New Malden, Surrey, UK Price: £28 ISBN: 1-85097-081-5 This text is part of the highly successful Quintessentials of Dental Practice series. It comprises six chapters and an index. Each chapter begins with an aim and objectives/outcome to guide the reader, and concludes with...

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: Null hypotheses There is no difference between the outcome of treatment of children (<16 years) with Class II division 2 malocclusion who have undergone orthodontic treatment only or those who have had no treatment. There is no difference between the outcome...

The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that aims to help people make well-informed decisions about healthcare by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Oral Health Group aims to produce systematic reviews which primarily include all r...

Background: Correction of the type of dental problem where the bite is deep and the upper front teeth are retroclined (Class II division 2 malocclusion) may be carried out using different types of orthodontic treatment. However, in severe cases, surgery to the jaws in combination with orthodontics may be required. In growing children, treatment ma...

Background: Retention is the phase of orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in the corrected positions after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without a phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position (relapse). To prevent relapse, almost every person who has orthodontic treatment will require som...

The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of sella turcica bridging and sella turcica dimensions in 150 Caucasian subjects who had combined surgical-orthodontic correction of their malocclusion with a randomly selected group of 150 Caucasian subjects who were treated contemporaneously by orthodontic means only. Pretreatment lateral cephalom...

To evaluate dental arch relationships and dimensions, relative to an age matched noncleft sample, in Caucasian 3-year-old children with repaired unilateral cleft lip (UCL) or unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study performed in Scotland, U.K. Eleven children with repaired unilateral cleft lip, 16 chi...

To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride in preventing white spot lesion (WSL) demineralization during orthodontic treatment and compare all modes of fluoride delivery. The search strategy for the review was carried out according to the standard Cochrane systematic review methodology. The following databases were searched for RCTs or CCTs: Cochran...

The aims of this study were to determine the mean tensile force of four different elastomeric modules, the archwire seating force of different ligation methods, and its effect on frictional resistance. To determine the mean tensile force, each elastomeric module (purple, grey, Alastik, and SuperSlick) was extended by 5 mm using two hooks attached t...

To compare the mean retentive strength, predominant site of band failure, amount of cement remaining on the tooth at deband and survival time of orthodontic micro-etched bands cemented with chlorhexidine-modified (CHXGIC) or conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC). In vitro study. Dental Materials Laboratory. One-hundred-and-twenty intact, caries-f...

To validate a new method of facial volumetric assessment that is dependent on the use of stereophotogrammetric models and a software-based Facial Analysis Tool. The method was validated in vitro with three-dimensional (3D) models of a lifelike plastic female dummy head and in vivo with a male-subject head. Thirty facial silicone explants were added...

To review the stimulus media, measurements and scoring system, rater's characteristics, and facial region used in assessment of the appearance of cleft-related deformity. A review of the literature was conducted using MedLine from January 1966 to June 2003. Key orthodontic journals and The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal were hand searched as wel...

The aim of the study was to compare the mean clinical chair-side time required for bracket bonding and the mean bond failure rate at 6 and 12 months of stainless steel brackets with a micro-etched base bonded with a light-cured composite using a self-etching primer (SEP) or a two-stage etch and prime system.Fifty-one subjects who required upper and...

We developed a new three-dimensional (3D) method of analysis of facial asymmetry and applied it to 44 patients: 20 Class III cases treated by bimaxillary osteotomy; 12 Class III cases treated by maxillary advancement alone, and 12 Class II cases treated by bimaxillary operations. 3D images were taken within a week before operation (T1), and one (T2...

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of elastomeric type and stainless steel (SS) ligation on frictional resistance using a validated method. To assess the validity of the new test system to measure mean frictional forces, SS and TMA wires, each with dimensions of 0.017 x 0.025 and 0.019 x 0.025 inches, were used in combination with a...

3D CT scanning is another option, but its cost limits its usefulness in daily clinical practice. A validation of the process is required to estimate the error, since study cast stone is more radiodense than bone. Stereophotogrammetry Although this technique has proved to be very valuable in imaging human faces, 2 it is not so suitable for capturing...

Part I of this paper describes the background, general concepts, available techniques and the clinical applications of recording external craniofacial morphology in three dimensions. Part II explores the different 3D techniques of imaging the dental arches, and their possible uses in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.

There is some evidence that a daily fluoride mouthrinse or a fluoride-containing cement will reduce tooth decay if used during treatment with fixed braces. Tooth decay, in the form of unsightly white spots, can occur on teeth being straightened with fixed braces if they are not cleaned properly. The review found that a daily sodium fluoride mouthri...

This study aimed to determine whether the lateral cephalometric crown-root shape differs among the permanent maxillary central incisor in Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions and to identify the nature of any differences. Of the 499 lateral cephalograms recorded at a university orthodontic clinic during 2001...

The aims of this in vitro study were to compare the cariostatic potential of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC) to that of a resin control (Transbond) for bracket bonding and to compare the effect of extrinsic fluoride application on the cariostatic potential of each material. Ex vivo study. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to 40...

This study aimed to determine whether the lateral cephalometric crown-root shape differs among the permanent maxillary central incisor in Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions and to identify the nature of any differences. Of the 499 lateral cephalograms recorded at a university orthodontic clinic during 2001...

AIMS: The aims of this in vitro study were to compare the cariostatic potential of a resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC) to that of a resin control (Transbond) for bracket bonding and to compare the effect of extrinsic fluoride application on the cariostatic potential of each material. SETTING: Ex vivo study. MATERIALS AND METHODS:...

The aims of this study were to compare the mean shear-peel bond strength and predominant site of bond failure of micro-etched orthodontic bands cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji Ortho LC or 3M Multi-Cure), a modified composite or a conventional GIC. The survival time of bands was also assessed following simulated mechan...

To evaluate the reliability of clinical assessment, two-dimensional color transparencies and three-dimensional imaging for evaluating the residual facial deformity in patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare the ratings of facial deformity made by health care professionals with those made by lay assessors....

Objectives To evaluate the reliability of clinical assessment, two-dimensional color transparencies and three-dimensional imaging for evaluating the residual facial deformity in patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare the ratings of facial deformity made by health care professionals with those made by lay...