Declan A Connolly

University of Vermont | UVM · Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation

The incidence of diabetes both in the United States and worldwide is alarming. Estimations for worldwide prevalence range 200-366 million people [1] with current estimates in the United States at @ 30 million [2]. Estimations are for a worldwide prevalence of 551 million by 2030 [2]. This accounts for approximately 10% of the US population. In the...

The purpose of this paper was to examine various physiological responses during an ultramarathon held in extreme heat. Our investigation was conducted at The Badwater Ultramarathon, a nonstop 217km run across Death Valley, California, USA. This study recruited four male athletes, average age of 43 (±SD) (±7.35), (range) 39-54 years. All four subjec...

In January 2012, the National Athletic Trainers' Association, along with the National Strength and Conditioning Association, convened a meeting in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Its purpose was to hold an interdisciplinary forum and gather input to address sudden death in collegiate conditioning sessions. Based on these discussions, a writing group dr...

The purpose of this article is to assess the value of the anaerobic threshold for use in clinical populations with the intent to improve exercise adaptations and outcomes. The anaerobic threshold is generally poorly understood, improperly used, and poorly measured. It is rarely used in clinical settings and often reserved for athletic performance t...

To examine the role of skeletal loading patterns on bone mineral density (BMD), we compared eumenorrheic athletes who chronically trained by opposite forms of skeletal loading, intensive weight-bearing activity (gymnastics, n = 13), and nonweightbearing activity (swimming, n = 26) and 19 nonathletic controls. BMD (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine, femora...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 days of vitamin C (VC) supplementation on elbow flexor delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) to 8 days of placebo ingestion. For 3 days prior to an exercise bout (2 x 20 eccentric elbow extensions), and for 5 days after, a treatment group ingested 3 x 1000 mg/day of VC versus 3 x 50 mg/day of glu...

Ten healthy males and ten healthy females aged 21.5 +/- 3.2 years (mean +/- s) participated in the study, which was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory level-high volt pulsed electrical current (HVPC) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Arm discomfort, elbow extension range of motion and isometric elbow flexion strength were obta...

Numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents have been identified in tart cherries. To test the efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. This was a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover design. Fourteen male college students drank 12 fl oz of a cherry juice blend or a placebo twice...

Stretching is used in an attempt to improve performance and reduce the risk of muscle injury, with little evidence to support its effectiveness. Four weeks of static or ballistic stretching can attenuate the increased soreness and decreased flexibility seen after eccentric exercise. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty-nine male subjects were random...

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 days of vitamin C (VC) supplementation on elbow flexor delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) to 8 days of placebo ingestion. Methods. For 3 days prior to an exercise bout (2× ×20 eccentric elbow extensions), and for 5 days after, a treatment group ingested 3× ×1 000 mg/day of VC versus 3× ×5...

ATP repletion following exhaustive exercise is approximated to be 90-95% complete in 3 minutes, and is crucial in the performance of short duration, high intensity work. Few studies appear to have used this 3-minute interval in the investigation of recovery modes, blood lactate accumulation and power output. Thus, our aim was to investigate changes...

Eccentric exercise continues to receive attention as a productive means of exercise. Coupled with this has been the heightened study of the damage that occurs in early stages of exposure to eccentric exercise. This is commonly referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). To date, a sound and consistent treatment for DOMS has not been establ...

Prospective studies on risk factors for lower extremity injury are reviewed. Many intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been implicated; however, there is little agreement with respect to the findings. Future prospective studies are needed using sufficient sample sizes of males and females, including collection of exposure data, and using estab...

Eccentric exercise continues to receive attention as a productive means of exercise. Coupled with this has been the heightened study of the damage that occurs in early stages of exposure to eccentric exercise. This is commonly referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). To date, a sound and consistent treatment for DOMS has not been establ...

Snowshoeing is currently ranked as one of the top 20 participatory sports in the United States, and the number of participants almost tripled, from 440,000 to 1.2 million in 1998. Despite this large increase in participation, no scientific evidence exists to quantify any physiologic response to the activity. Therefore, the purpose of this investiga...

Individuals undergoing an unaccustomed exercise bout incorporating a high degree of eccentric muscle contractions commonly experience delayed onset muscle soreness. The damage manifests itself via tenderness, loss of strength, swelling, elevated muscle enzyme activity and loss of flexibility. Following an initial "damage bout," a repeated bout resu...

Recently, there has been an increase in popularity and participation in the sport of snowshoeing. While the sport has gained considerable recognition, to date there is little or no scientific research regarding training responses to snowshoeing as a form of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether snowshoe training co...

Sodium Phosphate has been suggested to improve anaerobic performance. Several mechanisms have been proposed including elevations in serum and intracellular phosphate promoting phosphate-stimulating glycolysis and increased availability of phosphate for creatine phosphate synthesis. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sodium ph...

The repeated bout effect refers to the protective effect provided by a single bout of eccentric exercise against muscle damage from a similar subsequent bout. The aim of this study was to determine if the repeated bout was associated with an increase in motor unit activation relative to force production, an increased recruitment of slow-twitch moto...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an application of suncream on mean skin temperature (MST), rectal temperature (Tre), oxygen consumption and heart rate during exercise in the heat. Twenty-two male subjects underwent two steady state exercise tests (55% of maximum oxygen consumption, mean work rate 153 watts) for 40 minute...

Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad x s(-1)) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increas...

We examined whether passive stiffness of an eccentrically exercising muscle group affects the subsequent symptoms of muscle damage. Passive hamstring muscle stiffness was measured during an instrumented straight-leg-raise stretch in 20 subjects (11 men and 9 women) who were subsequently classified as "stiff" (N = 7), "normal" (N = 6), or "compliant...

Unfamiliar, predominantly eccentric exercise, frequently results in muscle damage. A repeated bout of similar eccentric exercise results in less damage and is referred to as the ‘repeated bout effect’. Despite numerous studies that have clearly demonstrated the repeated bout effect, there is little consensus as to the actual mechanism. In general,...

Theories related to planned behavior and reasoned action have included an individual's attitude as an important factor in the formation of behavioral intentions and behaviors. Research on this topic suggests that salient beliefs affect intentions and subsequent behaviors, either through attitudes or subjective norms, or the degree of (perceived) co...

The purpose of this study was to examine psychological affect at different ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in 15 high- and 15 low-active women. Both groups performed three steady-state exercise bouts on a cycle ergometer at RPEs 9, 13, and 17 and reported their affect in the last 20 sec. of and 5 min. after each work rate. There were no differe...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the rating of perceived exertion (Borg's RPE scale) in patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Eighteen subjects, nine with CHD and nine controls, underwent two submaximal cycle ergometer tests. The CHD patient group had a mean age of 63.11 ± 6.64 years and a mean body mas...

The ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale has received widespread acceptance for gaining a subjective estimate of work intensity and as a means of monitoring and regulating exercise intensity across a variety of populations. The original premise for the use of the scale was its high correlation with heart rate (HR). Although individual correlat...

In general there is a lack of information describing the components and structure of drug education and prevention programs (DEPP) for college student athletes. While concern about the prevalence of drug abuse among college student athletes has increased, a relative lack of clarity remains regarding what elements of drug education prevention progra...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1995. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-92). Microfiche. s