Deb Raj Aryal

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología · Cátedras CONACyT

A large area of the terrestrial land surface is used for livestock grazing. Trees on grazing lands provide and can enhance multiple ecosystem services such as provisioning, cultural and regulating, that include carbon sequestration. In this study, we assessed the above- and belowground carbon stocks across six different land-uses in livestock-domin...

Grazing lands cover more than one-third of the terrestrial land surface and are still expanding. The intensity of grazing is also growing with time due to the increase in the number of animals per unit of land or the duration of herbivory. Changes in grazing intensity exert strong pressure on ecosystem functioning, including carbon (C) sequestratio...

Fire has been an integral part of ecosystem functioning in many biomes for a long time, but the increased intensity and frequency of wildfires often affect plant diversity and carbon storage. Prescribed burning is one of the alternatives to forest fuel management where the fire is controlled and carried out under a determined set of weather conditi...

Agroforestry practices that include trees on grazing lands could enhance atmospheric CO2 sequestration and storage. However, carbon sequestration rates and storage capacity of intensively grazed agroforestry systems vary due to the diversity in species composition, stand structure, system age, and management practices. The objective of this study w...

Secondary forests recovering after disturbances currently comprise about half of the world′s tropical forests. A better understanding of the recovery of species composition, stand structure, and biomass stocks of these secondary forests is critical for the sustainable management of these ecosystems. The main objective of this research was to develo...

Changes in soil carbon (C) and nutrients considerably influence soil health and agricultural sustainability. However, how agricultural management affects C and N allocation among various soil organic matter pools and their linkages with soil health are not clear for arid and semi‐arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the soil profile distribut...

La presencia de árboles en pastizales es una opción para aumentar las reservas de carbono, aun el aporte de árboles dispersos en pastos ha sido poco estudiado en sistemas ganaderos del trópico húmedo de México, a pesar de ser una de las modalidades silvopastoriles más utilizadas en la región. Aquí, estudiamos la biomasa y el almacenamiento de carbo...

En el estado de Tabasco, la ganadería extensiva es una actividad productiva fundamental basada en el pastoreo directo, y esencial para la producción de alimentos de origen animal. Representa una fuente de ingresos significativa para muchas familias, lo que la convierte en una actividad crucial para la región. Sin embargo, el crecimiento acelerado...

Litterfall, decomposition, and nutrient release to the soil are important biogeochemical cycling processes in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patterns of decomposition and nutrient release of the leaves of four tree legumes with agroforestry potential: Piscidia piscipula, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, and...

bjective: To analyze the sociocultural dimension of the maize value chain in the Frailesca region, Chiapas, Mexico, in order to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the system. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was exploratory and descriptive, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The value chain and systems analysis app...

To mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to propose alternatives based on a systemic vision and agroecological principles that allow for more efficient use of energy within the systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate three agroecological technologies by quantifying energy use and its relati...

p> Background. Fine root production and turnover are the fundamental processes of net primary productivity in forest ecosystems. Fine root production and turnover rates can vary with the successional gradients of the forest ecosystems created by land use changes. Objective. To evaluate the variations in fine root production and turnover along the s...

p> Background: Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an integral part of the basic diet in Mexico and are one of the most important crops. Mexico is the seventh producer worldwide and one of the main consumers of it. Within Mexico, the state of Chiapas is the sixth-largest producer with 68,515 t per year, with a yield of 0.59 t ha^-1. Howeve...

Dada la importancia de los sistemas agroforestales (SAF) para mitigar el impacto de la agricultura en los ecosistemas y el medio ambiente, es fundamental comprender el efecto de la riqueza de especies de plantas en diversos SAF tropicales sobre las propiedades del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el papel de diferentes AFS en la conse...

Background: The transformation native of forests into pasturelands for livestock farming, affects ecosystems carbon (C) stores and soil properties. Objective: Estimate the carbon stored in tree biomass (above and below ground) and determine soil organic carbon and some physical and chemical properties in two silvopastoral systems (SPS): scattered t...

Forest litterfall is a fundamental process of ecosystem nutrient cycling, also, it is a source of energy for the development and propagation of wildfire. Understanding the temporal dynamics of litter production and storage is critical for sustainable management and conservation of forest ecosystems. The objective was to quantify the monthly product...

La respiración del suelo es un principal componente en el ciclo del carbono global y del flujo de dióxido de carbono (CO2) entre los ecosistemas naturales de la tierra y la atmosfera. La integración de componente arbóreo en sistemas de pastoreo animal, como sistemas silvopastoriles, podría cambiar la tasa de respiración del suelo y aumentar el alma...

El objetivo fue evaluar modelos predictivos de la producción metano de los frutos Leucaena collinsii y Guazuma ulmifolia medido a través de la técnica de producción de gas in vitro (TPG) y cromatografía de gases. A los frutos se realizó un análisis químico, parámetros de fermentación in vitro, y se estimó metano por cromatografía de gases y por la...

Objetivo: Identificar a los estados líderes en producción lechera en México con potencial para la producción de biogás y evaluar la rentabilidad de los sistemas de biodigestores-motogeneradores. Metodología: Se calculó el potencial de biogás, energía eléctrica y reducción de CO2eq para la actividad lechera en México y se utilizó la metodología de...

This study evaluates cover crop (CC) effects on microbial community structure in a winter wheat–sorghum–fallow rotation with pea, oat, and canola; mixtures of pea and oat; pea and canola; pea, oat, and canola; and six species mixture (SSM) of pea, oat, canola, hairy vetch, forage radish, and barley as CCs, and fallow as treatments. Soil microbial c...

Agroforestry systems in the tropics exhibit high heterogeneity in plant species composition and structural configuration. However, few studies evaluated the seasonal shift in arthropod alpha diversity and abundance in agroforestry systems in the tropics. This study was designed to analyze the composition, abundance, and alpha diversity of arthropod...

The use of microbial consortia as biofertilizers allows improving crop productivity and the quality of agricultural soils, by incorporating microorganisms that facilitate the availability of nutrients for plants and change the soil physicochemical conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of microbial consortia on maize yield, inoculums from diff...

The use of microbial consortia as biofertilizers allows improving crop productivity and the quality of agricultural soils, by incorporating microorganisms that facilitate the availability of nutrients for plants and change the soil physicochemical conditions. In order to evaluate the effect of microbial consortia on maize yield, inoculums from diff...

Background: The use of Tithonia diversifolia foliage can improve the quality of animal feed because its crude protein content doubles that of tropical grasses. However, plant response regarding biomass production to frequent harvest disturbances are not known well. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different cutting heights and repeated harvests...

Biogas is generated by controlled anaerobic digestion from animal manure, wastewater, landfills, industry, agroindustry, or other organic residues. Biogas is mainly composed of 60–70% methane, 30–40% carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide <1%. Pure CH4 generates approximately 30.67 to 36.68MJ m�3 or 10Kw m�3 of energy, being able to compete with conv...

The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the yield performance and quality of Tithonia diversifolia forage under different harvesting heights, during the dry and rainy seasons in tropical Mexico. The treatments consisted of three harvest heights 40, 60 and 80 cm from the ground level, cut every 60 days, during two seasons of the y...

The incorporation of trees in livestock systems can influence the fluxes of CO2 from soil to the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diurnal and seasonal variations of soil CO2 fluxes in grazing livestock systems with and without trees in the State of Tabasco, southern Mexico. We selected two livestock systems, one with scattered...

Con la finalidad de conocer el grado de degradación de praderas, así como la percepción social sobre cómo evitarla, en la comunidad rural Francisco Villa I, municipio de Jiquipilas, Chiapas, ubicada en la zona de influencia del área natural protegida Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura. Dado que no se encontraron estudios similares en la región, se...

Wood density is a fundamental parameter for the accurate estimation of tree biomass in forest ecosystems. The semi-evergreen forest of the Mexican southeast is characterized by the high diversity of trees, so that it isnecessary to study the variations in wood density. The objective of the study was to determine the variation in wood density of the...

El cambio climático está transformando a los ecosistemas de la tierra; mucho se trata en diversos medios de cómo la ganadería provoca o estimula uno de los factores que lo produce: el efecto invernadero; sin embargo, también es importante discutir lo contrario: cómo el cambio climático afecta a los sistemas ganaderos. El cambio climático constituye...

Los combustibles forestales son uno de los principales reservorios de carbono, pero también se consideran un factor involucrado en la ocurrencia e intensidad de incendios forestales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la dinámica temporal de almacenamiento y efecto del incendio sobre los combustibles forestales en bosque de pino (Pinus oocarp...

The physical-chemical quality of maize has become important for the food industry, so it is a condition for the selection of any local cultivar or improved varieties. The physical-chemical quality of local maize from La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve (REBISE), Chiapas, was characterized, to demonstrate that the maize diversity in the reserve presents...

Silvopastoral systems have great potential for storing carbon because of carbon assimilation in tree woody biomass, carbon input through litter fall, and belowground carbon turnover. In this study we quantified and compared the carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, containing either scattered trees in grazing pastures (STP) or gras...

Trees play an important role in livestock grazing lands but the effects of tree shade on grass productivity has not been studied widely. In this study, we evaluated the effect of tree shade on grass yield in pasturelands with dispersed trees in the humid tropics of Mexico. We sampled two livestock grazing systems: (1) scattered native trees in padd...

Fine root production, turnover, and decomposition are fundamental rhizosphere processes that can vary when young forest ecosystems pass through different phases of succession towards maturity. To assess these changes during succession, we applied ingrowth bag and sequential coring methods for fine root production and a modified negative exponential...

La conversión de tierras forestales a monocultivos de potrero para el pastoreo de ganado ha sido una de las causas principales de emisiones de carbono en sur-sureste Mexicano. La fijación y almacenamiento de carbono en sistemas agroforestales como los sistemas silvopastoriles pueden ayudar a mitigar las emisiones de carbono. Sin embargo, el almacen...

Los incendios forestales no controlados, a menudo, llegan con una intensidad alta, los cuales pueden afectar a la diversidad de plantas y la estructura de vegetación provocando un desequilibrio ecológico. Es por ello que surge la necesidad de estudiar las quemas prescritas donde el fuego es controlado y realizado bajo monitoreos contantes del ambie...

El cambio climático (CC) es uno de los principales problemas ambientales que afectan a la humanidad. La ganadería extensiva y sus malas prácticas contribuyen a exacerbar los efectos negativos del CC. Los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) promueven la inclusión de árboles en los ranchos, proporcionando así múltiples beneficios (Pérez, 2008, Navas, 2010...

Wood decomposition in tropical forests is strongly linked to the terrestrial carbon cycle. Our understanding of the successional changes in wood decomposition in diverse tropical forests is still limited. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fine wood decomposition rates decline with the increasing age of successional forests due to the int...

El beneficio húmedo del café demanda grandes cantidades de agua, además de generar mucílago y pulpa que se integran a las aguas superficiales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades físicas y químicas del agua de río Cuxtepec, río Cabañas y su principal afluente, ubicado en La Concordia, Chiapas, México. En estas aguas son d...

Owing to the increasing extension of land for livestock production, silvopastoral practices have been among the promising approaches to enhance carbon (C) sequestration. However, the extent of C sequestration in different silvopastoral systems (SPS) and their relationship with fine root production (FRP) is not well understood. The objective of this...

This study aimed to quantify the dynamics of soil CO2 fluxes in two silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena leucocephala, one associated with Panicum maximum (L+P), and another with Cynodon plectostachyus (L+C). We measured CO2 fluxes fortnightly during the dry and rainy seasons in the morning and the afternoon, with an infrared gas analyzer. Simul...

Understanding belowground morphological mechanisms of trees and grasses is a complicated task but can help in the design and management of silvopastoral systems. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the harvest intervals (i.e. 30 and 50 days) of aboveground biomass on the fine root density and vertical distribution in two silvopastoral systems...

Analysis of energy flows and economic dynamics allows the diversity of variables involved in the agroecosystem production to be observed in the same dimension. In this way, efficiency and performance can be analysed integrally to identify critical points to be improved. The objective of this study was to analyse the energy-economic efficiency withi...

A move from Germany taught Deb Raj Aryal how to acclimatize to a new research culture. A move from Germany taught Deb Raj Aryal how to acclimatize to a new research culture.

A change in land use from forest to livestock and agriculture is generally linked to a potentially devastating effect on communities of flora and fauna. Tabasco is a state with the highest deforestation rate in the humid tropics of Mexico; more than 66% of its territory is currently occupied by livestock farming. Here, we evaluated the diversity of...

Changes in forest biomass and soil organic carbon reserves have strong links to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Human activities such as livestock grazing, forest fires, selective logging and firewood extraction are the common disturbances that affect the carbon dynamics of the forest ecosystems. Here, we hypothesized that such anthropoge...

The state of Chiapas, Mexico, has the climatic and soil potential for cultivation of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Currently, around 48 000 ha are planted with this species, representing a major carbon (C) sink. The objective of this study was to measure biomass and accumulated C in 12-year-old palms to generate the base line and methodol...

The generation of energy based on fossil fuels, as well as the methane (CH4) generated in livestock activity cause severe damage to the environment. The use of pig manure to generate renewable energy and revert contamination problems is a viable alternative for the Chiapas pig farms to be more competitive. A total of 39 technified pig farms distrib...

pre> The objective was determine the degradation and kinetics of in vitro fermentation of excreta of excreta produced and marketed for the feeding of ruminants in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Twelve samplings were made once the reproductive cycle of two chicken and pig producing farms was completed. A bromatological analysis was performed on the e...

Arboreal resprouting in the Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico tropical forest regeneration. Detailed studies to understand recovering of Neotropical forests over time, through secondary succession, are still neces-saries. Between acting mechanisms of regeneration in the tropical forests, the arboreal resprout predominates in woody species, with the advant...

Livestock production in the tropics contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, so better understanding the role of silvopastoral systems (SPS) in mitigating such emissions is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amounts of carbon stored in the biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) components of a Leucaena leucocep...

Carbon sequestration in livestock systems through silvopastoral practices can help reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we evaluated the above and belowground carbon storage potential of a silvopastoral system and compared to a conventional open pasture system in two sites of Chiapas, Mexico. We established a total of 20 carbon m...

The objective was determine the degradation and kinetics of in vitro fermentation of excreta of excreta produced and marketed for the feeding of ruminants in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Twelve samplings were made once the reproductive cycle of two chicken and pig producing farms was completed. A bromatological analysis was performed on the excret...

La negociación de proyectos de captura de carbono bajo mecanismos REDD+ y MDL requiere estimar la capacidad y nivel máximo de almacenamiento de CO2 de los ecosistemas bajo las condiciones actuales y futuras. Para lo anterior debe considerarse la variación temporal, como sumideros de carbono de los compartimientos de biomasa aérea, material leñoso e...

Tropical forests plays a vital role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 but the retention capacity of such ecosystems has changed greatly due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, of which firewood extraction is the main one activity in rural areas. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biomass stocks of pine and oak forests with different pr...

Land use change from forests to grazing lands is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in many parts of the tropics. The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from the conversion of native forests to pasturelands in Mexico. We analyzed 66 sets of published research data with simultane...

Trends in structural and chemical leaf traits along a chronosequence of semi-evergreen tropical forest and their correlation with litter production and decomposition and associated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes were assessed. Leaves of 15 dominant species in each plot were collected to measure leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), C and N conce...

El fósforo (P) es un elemento esencial para todos los seres vivos. La litosfera contiene pocas concentraciones de P y los depósitos geológicos se encuentran heterogéneamente distribuidos en el planeta. Como un elemento esencial para varios procesos metabólicos, entre otra, la fotosíntesis, el P puede limitar la capacidad de captura de carbono en ec...

Understanding carbon (C) dynamics of the silvopastoral systems can help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the C concentration and storage in above‐ and below‐ground tree biomass as well as in the soils of fodder banks of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Guazuma ulmifolia (Lam.), or a combination of the bot...

Chiapas, Mexico, occupies the first place in surface and production of oil palm, as an alternative to mitigate climate change, for the potential of perennial crops to fix in their biomass the carbon (C) that is released in the form of environmental CO2. The objective of this work was to measure the carbon captured in the aerial fraction of the oil...

The rapid increase in livestock production has generated environmental impacts, such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Chiapas, GHG emissions have increased especially due to the conversion of forest lands to pastures and livestock enteric fermentation. The removal of atmospheric CO 2 by...