Deanna Kerrigan

• Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Background Globally, cisgender women (CGW) represent 53% of people with HIV and 45% of new acquisitions (2022). Female sex workers (FSW) are 30 times more likely to acquire HIV (vs women overall); in the US 54% of new diagnoses in CGW are Black women. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage in US CGW remains low at 15%. Long-acting injectable...

Background Significant HIV inequities exist among cisgender women (CGW) across settings. Black CGW in the United States (US) have an HIV diagnosis rate 10.8 times greater than White CGW. Female sex workers (FSW) have 30-times increased odds of acquiring HIV vs. CGW globally. HIV disparities and low pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake in CGW are...

Female sex workers (FSW) living with HIV experience greater depression and worse HIV outcomes than people living with HIV (PLHIV) overall. Mindfulness is related to lower depression and higher ART adherence in PLHIV. Few studies have assessed these relationships among FSW, especially longitudinally. This study assessed the temporal relationship bet...

Background Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is a long-standing recommendation for children exposed to TB but remains poorly implemented. Home-based contact management may increase access and coverage of TPT among children exposed to TB in their households. Methods Sixty in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants including p...

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI ART) has the potential to address adherence obstacles associated with daily oral ART, leading to enhanced treatment uptake, adherence, and viral suppression among people living with HIV (PLWH). Yet, its potential may be limited due to ongoing disparities in availability and accessibility. We need a...

Background Mobility is a key social determinant of health for female sex workers (FSWs). While extant research has focused on the adverse effects of mobility for FSWs, there are very few studies that have examined the multiple ways in which mobility may impact the lives of these mobile women from their perspective. This qualitative study aims to fi...

Background: Rejection from parents can lead transgender (trans) youth and young adults to experience poor health outcomes, while parental and sibling acceptance and support can be protective against poor health outcomes. The role of family in adult trans women's lives has been minimally investigated. Aim: This study aimed to explore experiences...

Background Twenty-three percent of people with HIV (PWH) die within 6-months of hospital discharge. We tested the hypothesis whether a series of structured home visits could reduce mortality. Methods We designed a disease neutral home visit package with up to 6 home visits starting 1-week post-hospitalization and every 2 weeks thereafter. The home...

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) expands treatment options for people living with HIV (PLWH). This qualitative study characterizes LA-ART awareness, perceptions, and preferences among PLWH engaged in HIV care. From 2019 through 2021, we conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 71 PLWH sampled from three clinics in thr...

Background Cisgender women (CGW) account for 48% of new HIV infections globally and 18% of new HIV infections in the United States (US) but comprise only 8% of daily oral PrEP users in the US. Social-structural factors including stigma, gender norms, and medical provider bias have been linked to daily oral PrEP inequities among CGW. These factors i...

Background Shared decision-making tools (SDT) support conversations between healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients around evidence-based care options. With the FDA approval of long-acting injectable (LA) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) creating the choice of daily oral or LA PrEP for HIV prevention, formative research was conducted to inform the...

Intersecting forms of stigma including both HIV and sex work stigma have been known to impede HIV prevention and optimal treatment outcomes among FSW. Recent research has indicated that intersectional stigma can be resisted at the community and individual level. We assessed pathways between HIV stigma, sex work stigma, social cohesion and viral sup...

Violence against women research largely excludes transgender women’s experiences and violence from perpetrators other than intimate partners. This study compares patterns of violence exposure among cisgender and transgender female sex workers (FSWs) and the associations with syndemic health outcomes. We used cross-sectional surveys from samples of...

Female sex workers (FSWs) live and work at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities that place them at greater risk for various negative health outcomes. Resilience theory asserts that an individual or community needs assets from which they can draw in response to stressors, such as chronic discrimination and abuse. This study character...

Background: Latina mothers' stress is associated with their children's health behaviors and risk for obesity; however, existing pediatric health promotion programs have not focused on maternal stress reduction. Methods: Herein we describe a study design that will examine the acceptability and feasibility of Calma, Conversa, y Cría (CCC) a 6-week...

Despite increased attention and efforts to improve HIV care among female sex workers (FSWs), they continue to have suboptimal HIV outcomes. Exploring the socio-structural dynamics related to the quality of HIV care received by FSWs is critical to further strengthen interventions to improve their HIV care continuum outcomes. In this study, we conduc...

Trans women experience multiple forms of intersecting stigma due to trans identity, HIV, and sex work, which can negatively affect their health. There is limited understanding of the relationships between stigma and HIV care and treatment outcomes. We assessed associations between multiple forms and types of stigma and HIV treatment outcomes among...

Purpose Despite suboptimal HIV outcomes among female sex workers (FSW), limited research has been conducted on factors that impact viral suppression among this population. Examining narratives of HIV management, we examined how experiences of diagnosis, treatment initiation, and ongoing care behaviours shaped viral suppression outcomes over time....

Cabotegravir and rilpivirine long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrated similar safety and efficacy in maintaining viral suppression among participants switching from daily oral to LA ART in the Extension Phase of the FLAIR trial. The Phase IIIb SOLAR study comparing efficacy and safety of daily oral versus LA ART every 2 months all...

Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) has been approved as an alternative to daily oral ART for people living with HIV (PLWH). Amidst the promise and potential challenges of LAI-ART, acceptability of this new therapeutic option remains largely unexplored beyond clinical trials. The aim of this study is to characterize p...

Female sex workers (FSW) have worse HIV outcomes in part due to lower anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Substance use and depression are important barriers to ART adherence, yet few studies have assessed these relationships among FSW in longitudinal studies. Cross-Lagged Panel Models and autoregressive mediation analyses assessed substance u...

Despite documented interest among female sex workers (FSW), uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has been low. Recent trials and regulatory approval of long-acting injectable (LAI) PrEP offer new hope for the potential of this biomedical intervention. We examined FSW’s PrEP-related interest and preferences regarding bot...

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) 13-24 years old make up a disproportionate 21% of new HIV diagnoses. Unfortunately, they are less likely to treat HIV effectively, with only 30% achieving viral suppression, limiting efforts to interrupt HIV transmission. Previous work with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has shown promise for improving...

Objectives Modalities of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention offer options to women at high risk including female sex workers (FSW). This study aimed to explore FSW’s acceptability and preferences for oral pills, long-acting (LA) injectable and vaginal ring PrEP. Design Sequential, explanatory, mixed methods. Setting Iringa, Tanzan...

Social science research investigating the social dynamics of Zika and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is essential to inform future services related to Zika and other infectious diseases. We sought to understand lived experiences with Zika during pregnancy, birth, and post-partum by conducting in-depth interviews with a sample of 31 women infected w...

Background. Across settings, individuals from populations that are multiply stigmatized are at increased risk of HIV and experience worse HIV treatment outcomes. As evidence expands on how intersecting stigmatized identities and conditions influence HIV outcomes, researchers have used diverse quantitative approaches to measure HIV-related intersect...

Trust in health service providers and facilities is integral to health systems accountability. Understanding determinants of trust, a relational construct, in maternity settings necessitates exploring hierarchical perspectives of users, providers, and influencers in the care environment. We used a theoretically driven qualitative approach to explor...

This study assessed the relationship between the quality of HIV care and treatment literacy on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and viral suppression among female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV (n = 211) in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Multivariable logistic regression results indicate better patient-provider communication (AOR 1.04...

Violence against female sex workers (FSWs) perpetrated by their intimate (i.e., non-commercial) partners, particularly against FSWs living with HIV, is understudied. Stigma can deplete the economic resources, social relationships, and mental well-being of stigmatized people, which may increase their intimate partner violence (IPV) risk. We quantita...

Background: Communities of color have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. We explored barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among African American, Latinx, and African immigrant communities in Washington, DC. Methods: A total of 76 individuals participated in qualitative interviews and focus groups, and 208 individuals f...

Background Despite evidence on peer navigation’s association with positive HIV outcomes, such as engagement in HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, the mechanisms through which peer navigation may influence these outcomes have been less explored. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of peer navigation and support on en...

BACKGROUND Many women with HIV (WWH) have suboptimal adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to multilevel barriers to HIV care access and retention. A long-acting injectable (LAI) version of ART was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in January 2021 and has the potential to overcome many of these barriers by eliminating the ne...

Background Many women with HIV (WWH) have suboptimal adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) due to multilevel barriers to HIV care access and retention. A long-acting injectable (LAI) version of ART was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2021 and has the potential to overcome many of these barriers by eliminating the...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated socio-economic disruptions has disproportionally affected marginalized populations including people living with HIV (PLHIV). Little is known about how the pandemic has impacted populations experiencing multiple forms of stigma, discrimination and violence such as female sex workers (FSW) living...

While HIV stigma has received significant attention, limited work has been conducted on the measurement of intersecting stigmas. We developed the Experiences of Sex Work Stigma (ESWS) scale in the Dominican Republic (DR) and Tanzania. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 female sex workers (FSW) per country to identify scale domains followed by...

Longitudinal qualitative research can provide rich understanding of the life circumstances of vulnerable groups who experience health inequities, of whether, how and why these circumstances change, and of how these circumstances and processes of change impact health. But, this rich understanding is not automatic and requires systematic and thoughtf...

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03298-6

A world without HIV is only possible by addressing the socio-structural determinants of health. Our understanding of socio-structural determinants is constantly changing, and parallel changes must occur with the methodologies used to explain the drivers of the HIV epidemic. We argue for the need to engage communities in the planning, implementation...

Long-acting injectable (LAI) modalities have been developed for ART and PrEP. Women face unique barriers to LAI use yet little research has examined women’s perceptions of potential LAI HIV therapy candidates. We conducted 89 in-depth interviews at six Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) sites with women living with HIV (n = 59) and HIV-negative w...

Globally, transgender (trans) women experience pervasive stigma, which contributes to health inequities across multiple mental health outcomes. While trans stigma has been associated with increased mental health challenges, less is known about how stigma related to sex work and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect mental health. Social cohesio...

We examined the relationship between mindfulness, mental health and HIV outcomes among female sex workers (FSW) from the Dominican Republic (DR) (n = 201) and Tanzania (n = 208) using cross-sectional survey and biologic data. We employed stratified multivariate linear and logistic regression. Depression was associated with lower odds of ART adheren...

Background Female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa face high unmet need for family planning and higher risk for unintended pregnancy. Community empowerment HIV prevention approaches have the potential to increase family planning uptake and present an opportunity to integrate HIV, reproductive health, and contraception. This article describes famil...

Background A common approach for measuring place-based exposure is to use geographically-defined administrative boundaries and to link neighborhood characteristics at this level. This approach, however, may not be feasible in low-to middle-income countries where neighborhood-level data are limited or unavailable, and administrative boundaries are o...

Early identification of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and subsequent engagement into HIV treatment is a key to reducing HIV-related illness, HIV-related deaths, and HIV transmission through universal test and treat approaches. With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes, counselling that is provided immediately after the diagnosis...

Sex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address...

Background HIV testing is the entry point into the HIV care continuum, and critical for HIV epidemic control. Facility-based HIV testing services (HTS) reach individuals who are already seeking clinical care and engaging with the medical care system. For this reason, individuals diagnosed with HIV during facility-based HIV testing are more likely t...

Background HIV testing is the entry point into the HIV care continuum, and critical for HIV epidemic control. Facility-based HIV testing services (HTS) reach individuals who are already seeking clinical care and engaging with the medical care system. For this reason, individuals diagnosed with HIV during facility-based HIV testing are more likely t...

The purpose of this study was to characterize the social networks of female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV in the Dominican Republic (DR) and to examine the association between daily drug use and network risk profile. The study employed a micro-longitudinal observational design using a 7-day mobile health (mHealth) daily diary to collect daily...

Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) has been shown to be non-inferior to daily oral ART, with high patient satisfaction and preference to oral standard of care in research to date, and has recently been approved for use in the United States and Europe. This study examined the perspectives of health care providers parti...

Rapid oral HIV self-tests (HIVST) have potential to increase the proportion of people who know their HIV status, especially among stigmatised populations. This study was embedded in two cohorts of female sex workers (FSW) in the Dominican Republic (DR) and Tanzania. Qualitative interviews with 40 FSW were conducted to explore perceived acceptabilit...

Long-acting injectable (LAI) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to facilitate adherence and transform HIV prevention. However, little LAI PrEP research has occurred among women, who face unique barriers. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with HIV-negative women from 2017-2018 across six sites (New York; Chicago; San Francisco; Atla...

Background Tuberculosis is a top-10 cause of under-5 mortality, despite policies promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We previously conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom-based versus tuberculin skin-based screening on child TPT uptake. Symptom-based screening did not improve TPT uptake and nearly...

The purpose of this study was to explore the daily activity spaces of female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic and assess the relationship between activity path and location-based risk exposure measures and daily drug use. The study employed a micro-longitudinal observational study design using an innovative 7-day travel diary t...

Medications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are currently daily pill regimens, which pose barriers to long-term adherence. Long-acting injectable (LAI) modalities have been developed for ART and PrEP, but minimal LAI-focused research has occurred among women. Thus, little is known about how women's history of inj...

Background: Long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) was found non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 trials with high patient satisfaction. Limited information on provider experiences with LA ART exists, which is critical to inform real world implementation. Methods: An online survey of health providers from the 13 countries...

Driven largely by the unequal distribution of power, female sex workers (FSW) globally bear a disproportionately high burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and interpersonal violence. Prior literature has identified a number of multi-level factors that may serve to constrain FSWs’ agency, or their ability to define and take action to real...

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) may be an alternative for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with adherence challenges or who prefer not to take pills. Using in-depth interviews, this study sought to understand the experiences of PLHIV (n = 53) participating in Phase 3 LA ART trials in the United States and Spain. The most salien...

Objective Female sex workers (FSW) have increased risk of HIV infection. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) can improve HIV outcomes and prevent HIV transmission. We analyzed antiretroviral (ARV) drug use and HIV drug resistance among HIV-positive FSW in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania. Methods Plasma samples collected at study entry with viral lo...

Background: Same-day initiation (SDI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been advocated as an approach to increase linkage to care and overall ART initiation. Clinical trials have demonstrated impressive benefits. However, questions regarding patient preparedness and retention in care remain for routine implementation of this approach. Objectives...

Purpose: Transgender (trans) women living with HIV experience suboptimal care and treatment outcomes. We adapted a multilevel intervention to improve HIV outcomes and overall well-being among trans women sex workers living with HIV. The intervention, called Abriendo Puertas (AP; Opening Doors), included: individual counseling, peer navigation, and...

Background: Tuberculosis is a top-10 cause of under-5 mortality, despite policies promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We previously conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom-based versus tuberculin skin-based screening on child TPT uptake. Symptom-based screening did not improve TPT uptake and nearly...

Background: Tuberculosis is a top-10 cause of under-5 mortality, despite policies promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We previously conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom-based versus tuberculin skin-based screening on child TPT uptake. Symptom-based screening did not improve TPT uptake and nearly...

Background: Tuberculosis is a top-10 cause of under-5 mortality, despite policies promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We previously conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom-based versus tuberculin skin-based screening on child TPT uptake. Symptom-based screening did not improve TPT uptake and nearly...

Background: Long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been found non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 trials. LA ART may address key barriers to oral ART adherence and be preferable to daily pills for some people living with HIV. To date, women have been less represented than men in LA ART research. Using longitudinal data...

Introduction Recent results from Phase 3 clinical trials with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) have shown that a monthly regimen is non-inferior to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Additional insights are necessary to prepare for LA ART roll-out, including identifying the appropriate patients. Methods Within the AT...

Background Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LA ART) was found to be non-inferior to daily oral ART in Phase 3 clinical trials. LA ART may offer an important alternative for people living with HIV with challenges adhering to daily oral ART or preferences for non-pill-based regimens. Methods Using a mixed methods approach integrating s...

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy has been shown to be non-inferior to daily oral antiretroviral therapy in clinical trials and may soon become part of clinical care. While most trial participants to date have been men, approximately one quarter of ongoing Phase 3 trial participants are women offering an important opportunity to underst...

Background Two-drug regimens (2DR) to treat HIV infection have the potential to reduce long-term toxicity and increase therapeutic options for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Prior phase III trials, SWORD-1 and SWORD-2, as well as GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2, have demonstrated that a dolutegravir-based 2DR is as effective as three- or four-drug regimens...

Purpose of review: This review describes social determinants of HIV in two geographic and epidemic settings, the Dominican Republic (DR) and Tanzania, among female sex workers (FSW), their influence on HIV outcomes including 90-90-90 goals, and the development and impact of tailored, context driven, community empowerment-based responses in each se...

Communication between sexual partners is an important component of HIV prevention and occurs within a broader context of socio-culturally defined gender norms and dynamics. We analyzed cross-sectional data from a community-based random sample of men and women living in Kisarawe, Tanzania to understand factors related to partner communication about...

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is imperative for viral suppression and reducing HIV transmission, but many people living with HIV report difficultly sustaining long-term adherence. Long-acting injectable (LAI) ART has the potential to transform HIV treatment and prevention. However, little LAI ART-related behavioral research...

Background: Health providers can play an important role in communication about pregnancy, particularly for women at increased risk for pregnancy complications, including female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV. This study explored factors related to patient-provider communication about pregnancy among 253 FSWs living with HIV of reproductive age...

Despite established links between food insecurity and HIV outcomes, no studies have examined the role of food insecurity among female sex workers (FSW) in the United States (US). The aim of this exploratory study was to identify correlates (structural vulnerability and health factors) of severe food insecurity among street-based FSW in Baltimore, M...

Background Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV remains a critical global health challenge given its relationship with individual health outcomes and population-level transmission. Given barriers associated with oral ART adherence, and considerations of patients’ preferences, long-acting injectable (LA) ART (cabotegravir + rilpivi...

Introduction: South Africa (SA) has the world's highest burden of HIV infection (approximately 7.2 million), yet it is estimated that 23.5% women and 31.5% of men are unaware that they are living with HIV. The 2015 national South African HIV testing guidelines mandate the universal offer of HIV testing services (HTS) in all healthcare facilities....

Globally, female sex workers bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, with those in sub-Saharan Africa being among the most affected. Community empowerment approaches have proven successful at preventing HIV among this population. These approaches facilitate a process whereby sex workers take collective ownership over programmes to address the barrie...

Capacity building in implementation science is integral to PEPFAR’s mission and to meeting the 90–90–90 goals. The USAID funded Project SOAR sponsored a 4 day workshop for investigators and governmental and non-governmental partners from 12 African countries. The workshop was designed to address both findings from a pre-workshop online needs assess...

HIV-positive pregnant women who are initiated on lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) have lower adherence rates after delivery. We quantified maternal motivation to take preventive therapy before and after delivery among pregnant women newly diagnosed with HIV. We enrolled pregnant women (≥ 18 years) with a...

Objective: To determine the impact of a community empowerment model of combination HIV prevention (Project Shikamana) among female sex workers (FSW) in Iringa, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a 2-community randomized trial. Intervention elements included the following: (1) Community-led drop-in center and mobilization activities; (2) venue-based...

Purpose of review: We review the recent evidence regarding strategies for engaging sex workers in HIV prevention and care programs. We searched Pub Med on 19 March 2019 using terms 'Sex Work' And 'HIV infections'. Our search was limited to articles published since 2017. Recent findings: Community empowerment approaches where sex workers work col...

As safer conception services are expanded and integrated into HIV care systems, these services will need to address cultural, social, economic and medical concerns of women and men living with HIV. We conducted interviews with 30 HIV-positive women, 30 HIV-positive men, and 30 healthcare providers that examined factors specific to the experience of...

This chapter examines different strategies for addressing the economic vulnerability that puts female sex workers (FSW) at increased risk of acquiring HIV. After presenting various theoretical approaches to economic interventions with FSW, the chapter provides examples of interventions employing different approaches. The focus is placed on interven...

This study assessed the association between community savings group participation and consistent condom use (CCU) among female sex workers (FSW) in Iringa, Tanzania. Using cross-sectional data from a survey of venue-based FSW (n = 496), logistic regression was used to examine the associations between financial indicators including community savings...

Female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV and gender-based violence (GBV). Substance use overlaps with these co-occurring epidemics to further increase FSWs’ risk for negative health outcomes. We explored the relationship between substance use, GBV, and consistent condom use utilizing baseline data from...

Objectives To examine how work-related mobility among female sex workers (FSWs) is associated with gender-based violence (GBV) in Iringa, Tanzania. Design Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data gathered between October 2015 and April 2016 from FSWs participating in Project Shikamana, a community empowerment-based combination HIV...

This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between social cohesion with consistent condom use (CCU) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the Abriendo Puertas (Opening Doors) cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Dominican Republic (n = 228). Using data from the follow-up surv...

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted from 2011 to 2015 and the authors’ long-term engagement in diverse aspects of HIV and human rights advocacy in Brazil, this paper explores key elements of the Brazilian sex workers’ movement response to HIV and the broader political factors that profoundly influenced its trajectory. We argue that the movem...

Female sex workers (FSW) are a socially and economically marginalized population heavily affected by HIV. Community empowerment approaches focus on FSW taking collective action to address structural barriers to their health and have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing HIV risk. This study examines the potential for community savings groups (loca...

Background: Female sex workers living with HIV are at increased risk for negative health outcomes and multiple levels of stigma. However, there is limited research on female sex workers living with HIV and even less focused on reproductive health. Methods: We analyzed data using logistic regression from a cohort of 247 female sex workers of repr...

Evidence indicates that social cohesion is a successful strategy to improve consistent condom use (CCU) among female sex workers. However, the individual and layered or combined effect that various types of overlapping stigmas may have on CCU between female sex workers living with HIV and their clients and steady partners has not been analyzed. Dra...

Youth living with HIV have sub-optimal rates of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mindfulness instruction interventions have shown promise for improving medication adherence, but the effects and mechanisms of these interventions are still being explored among people living with HIV, including youth. In the context of a randomized controlle...