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July 1983 - September 2015
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Publications (69)
Animal abundance is determined by a number of factors, including vegetation structure, food availability and quality, human activities, predation risk, and disease. Vegetation structure, food availability, and human activity often are used to guide conservation efforts, such as protected area zoning and reforestation, especially for primates. We so...
Clinch Dace (Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori) is a newly recognized species of minnow 9 with a restricted distribution in southwestern Virginia. We analyzed genetic variation and 10 abundance at paired sites above and below road crossings. Road crossings did not have a strong 11 effect on presence, abundance, or genetic differentiation of Clinch Dace. Of...
Habitat loss and pollution are two of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. Due to their widespread prevalence, these threats often co-occur, yet their interactive effects on organisms remain poorly understood. Some reptiles are vulnerable to these threats because they have specific microclimate requirements for embryonic development and bec...
Habitat loss and pollution have been linked to declines of numerous freshwater turtle species, which are among the most endangered vertebrates in the world. We examined characteristics of nest sites of Common Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) located in a system modified by agricultural and industrial land use. We compared characteristics of 1...
Little is known about black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in northeastern Arizona, an area characterized by rugged canyon topography and varied habitat composition. We placed global positioning system collars on four bears in this area to characterize second-order, landscape-level habitat use and examine habitat use and movement patterns of b...
The wide-ranging, cumulative, negative effects of anthropogenic disturbance, including habitat degradation, exotic species, and hunting, on native wildlife has been well documented across a range of habitats worldwide with carnivores potentially being the most vulnerable due to their more extinction prone characteristics. Investigating the effects...
Development of goals (desired future conditions (DFCs)) based on substantial public involvement is critical to the success of ecosystem management on public lands. I evaluated DFCs of riparian areas on national forests in the southern Appalachian mountains and evaluated a process for involving the public in development of DFCs for riparian areas on...
To protect and manage an intact neotropical carnivore guild, it is necessary to understand the relative importance of habitat selection and intraguild competition to the ecology of individual species. This study examined habitat use of four carnivores in the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve, Belize. We calculated photographic trap success (TS) ra...
The Appalachian Cooperative Grouse Research Project (ACGRP) was a multistate cooperative effort initiated in 1996 to investigate the apparent decline of ruffed grouse ( Bonasa umbellus ) and improve management throughout the central and southern Appalachian region (i.e., parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia,...
Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereafter grouse) populations in the central and southern Appalachians (CSA) are declining due to widespread maturation of forest cover. Effective management of this species requires a sex- and age-specific understanding of habitat preferences at multiple temporal and spatial scales. We used multivariate logistic reg...
A goal of many resource selection studies is to identify those habitats selected by a species. However, favorability of a particular habitat feature is likely contingent on such factors as landscape composition, predation risk, and an individual's resource needs. Thus, habitat selection may vary depending on context, and identifying causes of varia...
Costs for genetic analysis of hair samples collected for individual identification of bears average approximately US$50 [2004] per sample. This can easily exceed budgetary allowances for large-scale studies or studies of high-density bear populations. We used 2 genetic datasets from 2 areas in the southeastern United States to explore how reducing...
Brood cover is a critical component of ruffed grouse habitat during a period when chick mortality may be high. We compared microhabitat characteristics at ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) brood locations with random locations to determine characteristics selected by females with broods in the Appalachian region of Virginia and West Virginia. Females...
From 1996 to 2001, researchers at 10 Appalachian study sites collected radiotracking data suffi cient to delineate 1,054 seasonal home ranges of Ruff ed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereaft er "grouse"). Using information-theoretic model selection and paired comparison of home ranges from individual grouse, we evaluated indi-vidual, local, and landscap...
From 1996 to 2001, researchers at 10 Appalachian study sites collected radiotracking data sufficient to delineate 1,054 seasonal home ranges of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereafter “grouse”). Using information-theoretic model selection and paired comparison of home ranges from individual grouse, we evaluated individual, local, and landscape fa...
Acom production by oaks (Quercus spp.) is an important food resource for wildlife in many deciduous forests. Its role as a hard mast crop that can be either stored or used to build fat reserves for winter survival cannot be replaced by most other potential foods. Changes in forest management, introduced pests and pathogens, and increased deer popul...
The limited spatial scales of many bird–habitat studies restrict inference regarding large scale bird–habitat relationships. A potential solution to this challenge is integrating the USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and USGS Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) databases. We describe a methodology for integrating these databases into a uniform datase...
Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereafter grouse) populations in the central and southern Appalachians are in decline. However, limited information on the dynamics of these populations prevents the development of effective management strategies to reverse these trends. We used radiotelemetry data collected on grouse to parameterize 6 models of popu...
Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus; hereafter, grouse) populations in the central and southern Appalachians are experiencing declines, which may be linked to deteriorating recruitment. Because nest success is an important component of recruitment, understanding the influence of habitat on nest success is important for developing regional grouse managem...
2006 by the American Fisheries Society 17 ■ 17.1 INTRODUCTION The demand for clean freshwater resources continues to grow with increasing needs for instream (hydropower) and offstream (agricultural, municipal, and in-dustrial) uses of water. These activities influence water quality and habitat avail-ability in river and lake habitats as well as the...
We examined ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus selection of landscape characteristics and cover types. Grouse home ranges derived from telemetry data gathered from fall 1996 through fall 1998 were overlaid onto a GIS map of the Clinch Mountain Wildlife Management Area, southwest Virginia, USA, composed of 22 cover types (10,343 ha). We calculated the la...
Scavenging is often neglected as a source of bias when determining causes of mortality and collecting mortality-related habitat information. The use of mortality-sensing radio-transmitters has greatly increased our understanding of animal survival. However, the potential of lag-time in recovery of carcasses and subsequent determinations of cause of...
Blue (Dendragapus obscurus), spruce (Falcipennis canadensis), and ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) live in North American forests. Forest grouse may become more popular as game species because of their wide distributions on public land and relatively stable population levels compared to other gamebirds in North America. We synthesize the literature...
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which available energy on a site may be used as a means of determining habitat quality for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Rank-set sampling procedures were used to collect eight categories of potential winter deer foods in hardwood, pine, mixed pine-hardwood and open (stand age <...
[The authors] examined the relationships of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) to agricultural land uses in the Virginia Piedmont during 1986-1987. Bobwhite were censured and the associated habitat components quantified at 121 roadside census stations. Relative quail densities decreased (P < 0.05) from 1986 to 1987. A multiple regression model...
We compared habitat characteristics in plots used by Blackburnian Warblers (Dendroica fusca) to randomly selected paired plots in a high Andean native secondary forest in Colombia. Density of trees in all diameter-at-breast-height (dbh) categories, density of snags, and density of native trees and shrubs were higher on the bird-centered plots. Perc...
Tested the reliability of avifauna information retrieved from Biota of Virginia (BOVA), a Computerized Fish and Wildlife Information System. Reliability was defined as the percentage of species detected during field surveys that also were listed to occur by BOVA. Six habitat types were selected for study within the Jefferson National Forest, SW Vir...
Resource managers need a technology that will assist in making efficient management decisions. Herein, we describe a system, Habitat Management Evaluation Method (HMEM), that has been developed to address cost-effective management options. The method uses a set of wildlife-habitat models linked to information about a site to simulate the effect of...
We determined habitat use and movement patterns of 22 female American black ducks (Anas rubripes) wintering at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Virginia, with radio telemetry and aerial survey techniques during 15 December 1985-28 February 1986. Proportional use of saltmarsh, impoundment, and natural pool habitats was greater (P < 0.05)...
Snags were sampled in chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) and oak-hickory (Quercus spp.--Carya spp.) stands in southwest Virginia. More large (≥17 cm dbh) snags were found in stands ≥100 years of age and more small (≤10 cm dbh) snags were found in stands <80 years of age, than expected under the model of equal distribution among age classes (χ² = 25.3, d...
Multiple linear regression models of predict Odocoileus virginianus habitat quality in winter were developed from pellet-group densities and habitat variables measured along transects in the Jefferson National Forest. Densities of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs and nonforage shrubs were among the most important variables. -from Authors
We compared principal components derived from sets of real data with dimensions of 120 x 7, 120 x 4, 150 x 11, 150 x 8, 150 x 5, 454 x 12, 454 x 8, and 454 x 5, to those from sets of randomly generated data of corresponding size. Principal components from subsets of 25, 50, 75, and 100 observations from the 120- and 150-observation data sets and th...
Bonasa umbellus preferred stands dominated by quaking aspen Populus tremuloides. Drumming sites selected by males were typified by high vegetation density. Brood hens selected relatively open areas with high cover of herbaceous vegetation. Drumming sites differed from other sites selected in spring, and brood habitat was different from sites select...
Ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus preferred stands dominated by quaking aspen Populus tremuloides. Ruffed grouse use was associated with stand structures characteristic of early successional stages. Blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus preferred high elevation (>2285 m) open conifer stands in winter. In spring and summer, low elevation (<2100 m) bigtooth m...
Nest-site selection by 10 cavity-nesting species was analyzed on the basis of 5 nest-site variables. Discriminant analysis showed considerable separation among nest-sites for 6 of the 10 species, mainly on the basis of nest substrate size. The other 4 species potentially compete for nest-sites. When analyzed separately, primary cavity nesters and s...
Nest and egg successes are documented for open-nesting bird species in a variety of riparian habitats in central Iowa. In most species, nest success was higher during the nestling period than during the incubation period. Causes of nest failure in order of decreasing importance were: predation by birds, snakes, or small mammals; predation by large...
we analyzed interrelationships among nest sites of 13 open-nesting bird species of riparian communities in Iowa. Cluster analysis of a Euclidean distance matrix, based on the nesting substrate and mean values of nest-site measurements, identified three nesting assemblages comprising species nesting primarily in trees (six species), shrubs (four), o...
Considerable effort has been expended to better understand how to restore high-quality vegetative cover on mine sites, as required by the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. Recently we have completed a study of avian response to habitat reclamation and reforestation efforts on reclaimed mine land in Wise and Dickinson Counties (Carrozzino...
We assisted with development of a model for maternity habitat of the Indiana bat (Myotis soda/is), for use in conducting assessments of projects potentially impacting this endangered species. We started with an existing model, modified that model in a workshop, and evaluated the revised model, using data previously collected by others. Our analyses...
Home range size is often considered to relate inversely to habitat quality, and, regardless of the veracity of this relationship, is a fundamental aspect of a species' habitat ecology. Researchers at 10 Appalachian Cooperative Grouse Research Project (ACGRP) study sites collected 647 fall-winter and 407 spring-summer home ranges from ruffed grouse...
Introduction Environmental and land use studies are frequently conducted on reclaimed coal mines, but limited work has been done to determine the response of wildlife populations to these reclamation efforts. Land use typically changes following the mining process, and post-mining habitat and land-use may be strikingly different from their former c...
Introduction Post-mined lands can be managed for a number of different land uses including managed pasture for grazing livestock, commercial forest products, outdoor recreation, and carbon sequestration. Regardless of the post-mining land use , there will always be opportunity to manage the land to provide suitable wildlife habitat. For example, se...
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Idaho. Bibliography: leaves 97-101. Photocopy.
