Dean Goodman

• University of California, Santa Barbara

The N-E foot of Palatino Hill and Coliseum Valley (Rome) are characterised by a sequence of complex buildings, related to the Roman period between the late Republican and Severo’s age (200 AD). To enhance the knowledge of this area a scientific collaboration between Sapienza University at Roma (Department of Archaeology) and the Institute of Techno...

Correcting the GPR dataset for topography is often necessary to properly image and detect the subsurface structures beneath a site. For instance, archaeological sites that were once built on level ground but have since been subject to variable deposition and thus have variable surface topography, may need to have time/depth slice images created at...

Often the most valuable information contained in GPR radargrams is not from examination of individual radargrams and their vertical profile of the ground, but from the generation of images which connect anomalies from closely spaced profiles. Images that look across horizontal slices in the ground and changes in recorded reflection amplitudes are r...

Most GPR data analysis requires some conditioning of the raw recorded pulses before construction of images from closely spaced profiles is implemented. Radargram signal processing (RSP) involves using specialized filters to enhance and adjust the digitized reflections, as well as to remove noises contained in the raw recorded radar pulses. RSP can...

Often many subsurface investigations with GPR in archaeological applications are dedicated not to finding archaeological sites, but simply to delineate stratigraphy, soils or subsurface geologic structures. Certain stratigraphy or geologic structures if found to exist are known to increase the likelihood of subsurface cultural materials. If these a...

GPR radargrams often have no resemblance to the subsurface structures over which the profile was recorded. Various factors including the innate design of the survey equipment and the complexity of electromagnetic propagation in the ground can disguise complex near surface earth structures recorded on GPR reflection profiles. A very useful way to un...

GPR technology is capable of providing information on fractures, previous reconstructions, material integrity and a variety of the characteristics of building materials. For this reason GPR has found a multitude of applications in studying the integrity of historical buildings(Barone et al. 2010; Cosentino et al. 2011; Kadioglu et al. 2010; Perez-G...

Advances in ground penetrating radar imaging with multi-channel systems have greatly improved the speed and areal coverage for archaeological prospection. Even though the first introductions of multi-channel GPR systems and designs date back more than two decades (e.g. Warhus et al. 1993; Anderson et al. 1991), the complete acceptance of multi-chan...

One of the problems in presenting information from GPR datasets are that the targets of interest are often at different depths in the ground, or variable top soil topography can complicate the depth horizons to targets which are at the same absolute elevation. In addition, even in the case where structures are actually buried level plane in below a...

GPR remote sensing has found one its most successful archaeological applications in the discovery and mapping of historic burial sites in North America (Doolittle et al. 2010; Bevan 1991; Conyers 2006; King et al. 1993). One of the first applications of GPR in cemeteries for discovering unmarked graves were initiated nearly four decades ago by Beva...

Advances in ground penetrating radar imaging with multi-channel systems have greatly improved the speed and areal coverage of the ground. Along with improved imaging software, datasets recorded with multi-channel systems can be rocessed at similar speeds to coarsely spaced single channel data that would normally require additional time for interpo...

For most archaeological prospections with GPR, detection is the most important aspect of the surveys. If enough density of profiles is recorded across a site, structural information can also be obtained regarding the buried features. Shallow and narrow features may require a very fine line density to get detected. If the profile spacing is large, s...

To enhance the knowledge on the location of the unknown buried structures below levels currently studied through excavation at Ancient Aquinum (Castrocielo-Frosinone, Central Italy), an integrated archaeological and ground remote sensing study was initiated in 2008-2009 between University of Lecce and Institute for Technologies Applied to Cultural...

Information on depth may be gained through the analysis of geophysical maps, by utilizing soundings, pseudosections, or time-slices, or via the application of downhole measurements. Various methods and techniques were compared at the Biesterfeldt site, a proto-historic earth-lodge village in the Northern Plains, USA. Both traditional and more exper...

Advances in ground penetrating radar imaging with multi-channel systems have greatly improved the speed and areal coverage of the ground. Along with improved imaging software, datasets recorded with multi-channel systems can be processed at similar speeds to coarsely spaced single channel data that would normally require additional time for interpo...

The projection of multi-layered remote sensing and geophysical survey data into a 3D immersive virtual reality environment for noninvasive archaeological exploration is described. Topography, ultra-high resolution satellite imagery, magnetic, electromagnetic, and ground penetrating radar surveys of an archaeological site are visualized as a single...

From 2001 to 2008 a series of archaeological investigations made side-by-side with geophysical surveys at the Palatino Hill and the Coliseum Valley, nearest Elagabalo’s Thermae (Forum, Roma), a sequence of complex buildings related to the Roman period between the late republican and Severo’s age have been detected. The oldest building is a domus of...

Advances in ground penetrating radar imaging with multi-channel systems have greatly improved the speed and areal coverage of the ground. Along with improved imaging software, datasets recorded with multi-channel systems can be processed at similar speeds to coarsely spaced single channel data that would normally require additional time for interpo...

GPR surveys were conducted at four sites as part of XVth. Summer School Geophysics for Landscape Archaeology of the University of Siena at Grosseto in July of 2006. The main purpose of the GPR was to introduce the GPR method to students in archaeological geophysics. The sites surveyed were located in Grosseto. Crop marks visible on aerial photograp...

A new method for static corrections of radargrams, which accounts for the tilt that the GPR antenna encounters on sites with topography, has been developed. The method uses the average electromagnetic wave velocity and assumed antenna tilt according to the first derivative of the topography profile, in order to adjust the normal ray projecting from...

A recently developed down-hole magnetic susceptibility instrument, the Bartington MS2H sensor, coupled with Multitsus FieldPro software provide a minimally invasive, rapid, and cost-effective means for high-resolution mapping of vertical variations in magnetic susceptibility across archaeological landforms. This technology was applied at the Dahnke...

A ground-penetrating radar study of medieval kiln sites located near Suzu city, on the Noto peninsula, was conducted prior to excavation. Archaeological site plans estimated from time slices of the closely-spaced parallel radar profiles are compared with excavations and a proton magnetometer survey. The results indicate that non-destructive remote...

SUMMARYA long-line seismic refraction experiment extending to a range of 500 km was conducted in the West Philippine Sea. The refraction data corrected for crustal delays are used to estimate the velocity structure in the upper lithosphere. The seismic structure is converted to velocity versus pressure using a simple overburden formula. West Philip...

Advances in imaging software for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) have greatly enhanced the utility of this geophysical remote sensing tool for archaeological discovery. Time-slice analysis, isosurface rendering, and “overlay analysis” are among several image analyses used to identify subsurface archaeological remains. Static corrections, in which th...

Static corrections of radargrams can account for the tilt that the GPR antenna encounters on sites with topography. Radargrams that are topography-tilt corrected, show that changes in the imaged locations of subsurface structures can be significant. The results of these corrections indicate that tilt corrections are necessary to improve the accurac...

With advances in imaging software, the utility of ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a remote sensing tool for archaeological discovery has been greatly enhanced. Software has been the key to extracting subsurface information contained in (noisy) raw radargrams. Traditional time slice analysis, isosurface rendering, and "overlay analysis" are among...

The paper presents the results of an on-going study of the Roman town and early medieval bishopric of Forum Novum at Vescovio in the middle Tiber valley to the north of Rome. The work forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, which studies the changing landscapes of the middle Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome through tw...

A Roman marketplace and town called the Forum Novum, initially began construction in the 1st century BC and flourished well into the 4th century AD. At present most of the town remains is below ground. The site is situated next to a completely restored 1st century AD church and a partially reconstructed marketplace. Ground penetrating radar surveys...

The navigation of GPR equipment during surveys at archaeological sites has largely relied on the time-consuming process of manually locating grid lines. When GPS has been available, positions are generally only recorded at the ends of a GPR profile or at the corners of the survey grid. If the GPR antenna deviates from individual grid lines during t...

In this work, the results of high-resolution integrated geophysical surveys of the archaeological site of Traiano's Villa (Altopiani di Arcinazzo, Roma, Italy) are presented. The Villa of Roman Emperor Marco Ulpio Traino (AD 98–117) was built in Arcinazzo (Italy), approximately 55 km northeast of Rome. Today, the only remains left standing at the s...

The villa of the Roman Emperor Marcus Ulpius Trajanus (AD52-117) was built in Arcinazzo Italy, approximately 55 kin northeast of Rome. Today, the only remains left standing at the site are public building entrances comprising a small portion of the entire site. As part of an ongoing study to rescue this national archaeological treasure, an extensiv...

The villa of the Roman Emperor Marco Ulpio Traiano (A.D. 98-117) was built in Arcinazzo (Italy), approximately 55 km northeast of Rome. Today, the only remains left standing at the site are the public building entrances comprising a small portion of the entire site. Over 5 hectares, adjacent to the entrance remains, were unsurveyed. As part of an o...

The Roman town of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills to the northeast of Rome. Its study forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, a collaborative research initiative which studies the Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome, tracing the impact of Rome's development on the history of its settlement, economy, and cultural ide...

A subterranean chamber tomb in Miyazaki, Japan was investigated in an experimental programme combining remote sensing, excavation and scientific analysis of the materials recovered. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to locate the tomb, for which no visible surface markers remained. The approach to the tomb was then excavated to expose the sea...

Two seasons of ground-penetrating radar were undertaken at selected locations within the Roman town of Wroxeter. Both surveys used a GSSI system incorporating a 300 MHz antenna. A strategy has been developed to collect large data sets in an efficient manner. The results have been processed and displayed as time-slice images to facilitate interpreta...

Time slices of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data are developed from closely spaced profiles collected at archaeological sites in Japan and the USA. The time slices are used to remotely sense archaeological features at several burial mounds and a pit dwelling site. The methodology for creating the time slices and some of the interpretive limitatio...

Forward modeling of ground penetration radar is developed using exact ray-tracing techniques. Structural boundaries for a ground model are incorporated via a discrete grid with interfaces described by splines, polynomials, and in the case of special structures such as circular objects, the boundaries are given in terms of their functional formula....

Ground radar investigates shallow archaeological features in burial mounds of the Kofun Period (300-700 AD) in Japan. A variety of analytical methods – time slices, synthetic radargrams simulated from model structures, and 3-D depth constructions – are used to interpret the profiles, to reveal the location, depth and shapes of buried features.

Analysis of spatially coherent seafloor motion is conducted using data from two ocean bottom seismometer arrays deployed by the University of Miami's Geo-Acoustic Laboratory. Data from Atlantic Generating Station 6-point (1987) and 4-point (1989) arrays are used to measure the directional spectra of a seafloor microseisms as well as the contemporan...

Observations of the directional spectra of seabed motion in shallow water were conducted off the New Jersey coast during the summer of 1987. Using a six‐point ocean‐bottom seismometer array, each instrument supporting a pressure transducer, and two horizontal and vertical accelerometers, measurements of gravity and seismic waves across the ULF/VLF...

Measurements of ambient seismic noise levels in the range 0.03–1.0 Hz were made using ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBS) at four shallow‐water (<100 m) locations on the New Jersey Shelf and George’s Bank. Surface gravity‐wave‐induced seabed motion (single‐frequency microseism) was found to be dominant in the frequency range 0.03–0.3 Hz, with the high‐...

Crustal seismic structures beneath the West Philippine Sea are determined by using explosive sources (0.5–108.6 kg) and ocean bottom seismometers to measure refracted compressional waves. Total crustal thicknesses are shown to be thinner in the eastern part of the ocean basin, approaching only 3.5 km. Crustal thinning toward the east is consistent...

Sources of very low frequency (0.01 to 1.0 Hz) ambient seismic noise in the shallow (<100 m) water continental margin sediments are investigated using Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS). The predominant seismic motions are found to be due to surface gravity (water) waves and water-sediment interface waves. Actual experimental measurements of seabed ac...

Observations of underwater seismicnoise were measured using arrays of ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) deployed in shallow waters on the continental shelf off New Jersey. To reduce uncorrelated noise on the seafloor, instruments were buried to 0.5‐m depth with the aid of an underwater hydraulic pump. Array geometry and dimensions were tuned to measu...

Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1983. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117).

Static corrections of radargrams can account for the tilt that the GPR antenna encounters on sites with topography. Radargrams that are topography-tilt corrected, show that changes in the imaged locations of subsurface structures can be significant. The results of these corrections indicate that tilt corrections are necessary to improve the accurac...