D.E. Greydanus

D.E. Greydanus
Western Michigan University | WMU · Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine

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387
Publications
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Publications

Publications (387)
Article
In the quest for winning the game, some athletes take various chemicals (ie, drugs, herbs, or supplements) in attempts to develop greater strength, endurance, or other elements that bring a competitive advantage. There are more than 30,000 chemicals sold throughout the world with unrestrained and unproven claims; however, some athletes consume them...
Chapter
Neurodevelopmental disabilities are usually a burden for the children, adolescents, young adults, their families, and communities. These issues can complicate their adulthoods and require clinicians to be knowledgeable about these conditions. One of the perplexing problems in this regard is the role of gender and why some conditions are more common...
Article
Behavioral aspects of organized sports activity for pediatric athletes are considered in a world consumed with winning at all costs. In the first part of this treatise, we deal with a number of themes faced by our children in their sports play. These concepts include the lure of sports, sports attrition, the mental health of pediatric athletes (i.e...
Article
Selective medical perspectives of pediatric sports medicine are explored in this issue and behavioral perspectives of pediatric sports medicine are discussed in a subsequent journal issue. Concepts are considered now dealing with sports readiness involving the child and adolescent that involve understanding the limits imposed by growth and developm...
Article
Full-text available
Several months after the onset of the epidemic, COVID-19 remains a global health issue. Scientific data on pregnancy, perinatal outcomes and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging but are still limited and unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize current evidence on vertical transmission rates, maternal,...
Article
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder identified in 4% to 8% of children, adolescents, and adults. Features of ADHD found in childhood and adolescence persist into adulthood in as many as 70% of pediatric patients with this diagnosis. Various behavioral therapies are helpful for ADHD. This discussion focus...
Article
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract that is typically polymicrobial with classic core involvement of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis, though other endogenous flora from the vagino-cervical areas can be involved as well. It is often a sexually transmitted disease but other etiologic...
Article
Humans have long sought to be provided with optimal health care, and the research continues in the twenty-first century. In the spirit of Galen from 19 centuries ago, empowering the patient's physician remains an important approach in health care. There is an emphasis on primary care and integration of behavioral consultation services in primary ca...
Chapter
When we think of child abuse, we imagine several different forms of harmful parenting and injuries to children. Most are not visible to the naked eye, but can be seen if you look more deeply. X-rays can detect fractures and other imaging can identify internal injury and bleeding, but most maltreated children have more long-lasting harm that reveals...
Article
Diabetes mellitus is the most common abnormal carbohydrate metabolism disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of ß-cell destruction or dysfunction by both genetic and environmental factors. Over time chronic hyperglycemia leads to microvascular (i.e., retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy)...
Chapter
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder with considerable complexity and without clearly defined etiologic underpinnings. A variety of factors are intertwined in this condition including genetic, biochemical, and cellular characteristics. A major aspect of ASD management is behavioral therapy, though pharmacologic agents...
Article
Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory, skin condition that involves the pilosebaceous follicles and is influenced by a variety of factors including genetics, androgen-stimulation of sebaceous glands with abnormal keratinization, colonization with Cutibacterium acnes (previously called Propionibacterium acnes), and pathological immune response to...
Chapter
Cannabis and Young Pediatric Exposures Adult recreational and medical use of marijuana and related products impacts the entire pediatric population. Exposures begin as early as the prenatal and postpartum time period, including pregnancy and breastfeeding exposures from both recreational and medical use to treat pregnancy-related conditions such as...
Chapter
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection of the female upper genital tract typically due to sexual transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis. Other microbes can be involved as well that are from the vagino-cervical endogenous flora. Approximately one million PID cases are diagnosed each year in the Uni...
Chapter
Hypertension in children and adolescents has significant short-term and long-term adverse effects leading to complications in adulthood. After confirming elevated blood pressure in children, a through work up is needed to rule out secondary causes of hypertension. The younger the child, the more likely is the probability of finding an etiology for...
Article
Full-text available
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be found in about 4% of the general population and is characterized by various compulsions and obsessions that interfere with the person’s quality of life from a mild to severe degree. The following discussion reflects on current concepts in this condition, including its epidemiology and etiologic underpinnin...
Article
Millions of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths are prevented by vaccination worldwide. This discussion examines vaccine safety concerns from the past several decades of immunization research. Both immunologic and non-immunologic side effects are reviewed, and clarification is provided regarding some highly-publicized myths regarding vaccine sa...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose Worldwide, concern has grown over the expansion of gambling among adolescents, who have an increased likelihood of developing risk-taking behaviors. This study aimed to increase knowledge of problem gambling among adolescents in seven European countries and to assess the effect of demographic and lifestyle factors recorded in the European N...
Article
Asthma is a complex condition that affects 14% of the world's children and the approach to management includes both pharmacologic as well as non-pharmacologic strategies including attention to complex socioeconomic status phenomena. After an historical consideration of asthma, allergic and immunologic aspects of asthma in children and adolescents a...
Article
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder seen in nearly 1 in 10 children and half that of adults [1], [2], [3]. Central nervous system abnormalities in the neurotransmitter systems (i.e. dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic) result in its classic symptomatology of attention dysfunction, impulsivity a...
Article
The term transgender youth commonly refers to those whose gender identity, or personal core sense of self as a particular gender, differs from their assigned sex at birth; this is often designated by what external genitalia are present. These youths are presenting to multidisciplinary clinics worldwide at exponentially higher rates than in decades...
Article
Use of stimulant medications for pediatric patients with ADHD may result in various adverse effects. Careful attention to these issues along with management can result in these patients continuing to benefit from these medications. The focus in this editorial has been on general comments along with sleep as well as growth disturbances.
Article
Full-text available
Background: The increasing use of the Internet and social network sites (SNS) has created a new domain of socio-emotional development for adolescents. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore cybervictimization across seven European countries, in relation to socio-demographic, Internet use and psychosocial variables. Methods: A cross...
Book
Chronic Disease and Disability: The Pediatric Lung is written for the primary care clinician to help update the knowledge of pediatric pulmonology (pulmo, pulmonis [Latin for “lung”] and λoγíα, -logia [Greek for “study of”]) in the early 21st century. It acknowledges some of the amazing stepping stones of science over time concerning the current un...
Article
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease) is a rare autosomal disorder with an identified genetic abnormality identified on chromosome arm 13q and a resultant defect in the hepatic copper-transporting ATPase gene (ATP7B) [1]. The core abnormality is a dysfunction of copper metabolism with abnormal biliary excretion of copper and the resultan...
Article
Full-text available
1. https://juniperpublishers.com/ajpn/pdf/AJPN.MS.ID.555718.pdf
Article
This discussion reflects on concepts of obesity in children and adolescents in the early 21st century. It includes reflections on its history, definition, epidemiology, diagnostic perspectives, psychosocial considerations, musculoskeletal complications, endocrine complications and principles of management. In addition to emphasis on diet and exerci...
Chapter
Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents with reported prevalence rates between 10% and 30%. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended for optimal outcome that comprises of psychotherapy (especially exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy), family and patient education, and use of medication if indicated. In patients who migh...
Chapter
The skin can often be used to serve as a proxy for internal health and well-being. In a number of endocrine and exocrine disorders, but particularly those relating to the pancreas, understanding these cutaneous manifestations may help facilitate early diagnosis, confirm an existing medical evaluation, or predict a worsening condition. This discussi...
Chapter
This discussion outlines the emergence of periarteritis nodosa in the 19st century to the concept of the Churg-Strauss syndrome in the 20th century and now the 21st century concept of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Also considered are concepts of diagnosis, evaluation, differential diagnosis and management for this complex di...
Chapter
Pertussis is a disease characterized by upper respiratory symptoms developing into intense paroxysms of cough followed by persistent symptoms for many weeks. It has remained an issue despite effective vaccine and treatment options. An overview of the microbiology of Bordetella pertussis is provided, with special attention paid to pathogenic mechani...
Chapter
Pulmonary renal syndromes are rare but life threatening conditions. This discussion reflects on current issues of definitions, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnostics, management and prognosis. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment improves chances for lung and renal recovery. Current immunosuppressive regimens have improved life exp...
Chapter
Though use of phytocannabinoids are being increasing linked to improvement of some health conditions, frequent users of cannabis are at increased risk for adverse effects which can lead to additional health problems. Marijuana (cannabis) remains a controversial drug in the 21st century. This chapter considers current research on use of cannabis sat...
Book
In this book, we review abuse and neglect among children with disabilities and highlight the importance of identifying abuse and neglect in this vulnerable population. Child maltreatment has many detrimental consequences, and in the absence of a professional response, further victimization, lifelong complications and possibly early death may occur....
Chapter
The literature of Homo sapiens and research by scientists have attested to the high frequency and the severe consequences of sibling abuse seen in families around the world. Often hidden or ignored by society, such exploitation is the most common form of abuse found in humans. Underpinnings to this phenomenon of desecration of our children are many...
Chapter
This chapter reviews abuse and neglect among children with disabilities, serving as an introduction to the definitions, causes, epidemiology, international aspects, assessment, treatment and legal responses which will be addressed in this book. We highlight the importance of identifying abuse and neglect in this vulnerable population because of the...
Chapter
Nager Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive defect also called preaxial acrofacial dysostosis due to dysfunction of development of the first and second branchial arches. Nager syndrome is due to defect of the SF3B4 gene. These individuals have a unique and rare oromandibular hypogenesis syndrome with associated limb abnormalities which...
Chapter
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic and neurodevelopmental condition that was first described by the English pediatrician, Harry Angelman MD (1915–1996). Diagnostic criteria notes that those with AS have severe developmental delay, significant speech dysfunction, impaired balance or movement, and features of an apparent happy countenance....
Chapter
Intellectual disability (ID) is the term used to describe a condition defined by limits in cognitive and adaptive abilities that affect function and initially manifest before 18 years of age. This term supplanted the earlier term ‘mental retardation’ within the past two decades. The term developmental disability (DD) was coined de novo in the 1970s...
Chapter
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome (phakomatosis) due to a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ (guanine nucleotide binding protein [G protein], q polypeptide). Evaluation reveals a facial port-wine stain (nevus flammeus), ipsilateral ocular pathology (i.e., glaucoma [30–70 %] and choroidal hemangioma), and leptomeningeal angiom...
Chapter
Lowe syndrome (oculocerebrorenal syndrome; OCRL) is a rare (i.e., 1 in 50,0000), X-linked disorder that was first described in 1952. Myriad medical problems arise including complex glaucoma, hypotonia, dental dysfunction, and renal compromise leading to end-stage renal disease in adolescent or adult life. Persons with Lowe syndrome do not typically...
Chapter
The Smith-Magenis syndrome is a complex neurobehavioral disorder due to 17p11.2 microdeletion involving the gene RAI1 (retinoic acid induced 1) or infrequently a mutation of RAI1. Manifestations include craniofacial dysmorphism, sleep disturbance (including inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin and REM sleep dysfunction), intellectual disability,...
Book
This book provides a broad overview of quality health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It focuses on providing the reader a practical approach to dealing with the health and well-being of people with IDD in general terms as well as in dealing with specific conditions. In addition, it offers the reader a perspe...
Article
Lead (Pb; Latin: plumbum) is a ubiquitous chemical element with the atomic number of 82 that is known to have major neurotoxic effects in humans (as well as other animals). It is a neurotoxin that accumulates in in bones as well as soft tissue and the reality of lead poisoning (Pb neurotoxicity) has been noted by ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans....
Article
This discussion is written for the primary care clinician to help update knowledge of the potential severe dermatological adverse effects to certain vaccines. It is organized first by disease-specific, then components-pecific, and finally administration-specific reactions. Vaccines considered include varicella-zoster, tetanusdiphtheria-pertussis, s...
Chapter
About 29 million Americans (9.3% of the population) in 2012 had diabetes. Approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes and almost all diabetes in children less than 10 years of age is type 1. About 208,000 people younger than 20 years (0.25% of this age group) have diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or type 2). Diabetes care...
Chapter
The skin can often be used to serve as a proxy for internal health and well-being. In a number of endocrine and exocrine disorders, but particularly those relating to the pancreas, understanding these cutaneous manifestations may help facilitate early diagnosis, confirm an existing medical evaluation, or predict a worsening condition. This chapter...
Book
About 29 million Americans (9.3% of the population) in 2012 had diabetes. Approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes, and almost all diabetes in children less than 10 years of age is type 1. About 208,000 people younger than 20 years (0.25 % of this age group) have been diagnosed with diabetes (type 1 or type 2). D...
Chapter
Death is a reality for children and adolescents as over 53,000 children and 3,000 adolescents succumb annually to one or more chronic illnesses. Death of these precious patients may occur in the hospital, often the neonatal or pediatric intensive care units. No one is prepared for such tragic events-neither the patient, nor the family, nor hospital...
Article
The first steam-powered vehicle is attributed to Ferdinand Verbiest in China and it was made in 1672 for the Kangxi Emperor. The first recorded automobile death was Mary Ward in Ireland, who was thrown from a steam-powered car and fell under its wheels in 1869. The first person killed in the United States is recorded as Henry Bliss in New York City...
Article
Though use of phytocannabinoids are being increasing linked to improvement of some health conditions, frequent users of cannabis are at increased risk for adverse effects which can lead to additional health problems. Marijuana (cannabis) remains a controversial drug in the 21st century. This paper considers current research on use of cannabis sativ...
Book
A variety of topics are presented in this book that seek to reflect on medical history before and after the golden age of the Medical Renaissance. These topics include newborn care, the story of adolescence, behavioral pediatrics, psychopharmacology, substance abuse, psychodermatology, specific organ systems (the kidney and the heart in pediatrics)...
Book
The current and future shortage of pediatric cardiologists necessitates information on the pediatric heart for primary care clinicians, as they care for the child and adolescent with cardiovascular dilemmas and disorders. In view of this shortage and the rapidly increasing knowledge in pediatric cardiology, as well as understanding indications for...
Chapter
Hypertension in children and adolescents is on the rise and has significant short term and long term adverse effects leading to adulthood. After confirming elevated blood pressure in children a through work up to rule out secondary causes of hypertension must be done. Younger the children more likely are the probability of finding an etiology for h...
Chapter
Sleep remains a critical part of health for all humans including children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). Modern sleep science has identified a number of sleep disorders which involve both behavioral factors (i.e., poor sleep hygiene) and biological factors (i.e., abnormalities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of...
Chapter
Immunizations for all citizens of the world should be an important goal of all clinicians including those dealing with children and adolescents in developing and developed countries. Vaccine preventable diseases continue to take a devastating toll on these vulnerable human beings. This article summarizes current concepts of immunizations with the c...
Chapter
Death is a reality for children and adolescents as over 53,000 children and 3,000 adolescents succumb annually to one or more chronic illnesses. Death of these precious patients may occur in the hospital, often the neonatal or pediatric intensive care units. No one is prepared for such tragic events-neither the patient, nor the family, nor hospital...
Chapter
The current and future shortage of pediatric cardiologists necessitates steady, rejuvenated information on the Aristotelean heart for primary care clinicians as they care for the child and adolescent with cardiovascular dilemmas and disorders. In view of this shortage and the rapidly increasing knowledge in pediatric cardiology as well understandin...
Book
Pain in a newborn, child, or adolescent is a complex phenomenon that can be acute or chronic, mild or severe, and invoke complex reactions in the patient, family, and clinician. Pain is a feeling that humans find very unpleasant, seek to ameliorate and even stop as soon as possible. Individuals come to their clinicians seeking the cause of their pa...
Chapter
This chapter is written for the primary care clinician to help update knowledge of the potential severe dermatological adverse effects to certain vaccines. It is organized first by disease-specific, then component-specific, and finally administration-specific reactions. Vaccines considered include varicella-zoster, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis, sma...
Chapter
This discussion provides a medical history synopsis behind the 21st century knowledge of diabetes mellitus, a disorder of terrifying tabescence known to ancient as well as modern homo sapiens. The term, diabetes, come from the Greek language and is attributed to Apollonius of Memphis in the 2nd century BC and Areteus of Capadocia (81-138 AD). There...
Chapter
The majority of children who are born with or who develop a chronic illness during childhood now survive into the adult years. This can present a considerable challenge to adult clinicians who may not be prepared to care for so-called pediatric disorders. This chapter overviews concepts of transitioning for three pediatric endocrine disorders: Turn...
Chapter
This discussion is a review of hypertension in pediatric patients notes that hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The definition of hypertension is presented along with recommended screening steps in its evaluation. Etiologic issues are discussed including renal parenchymal abnormalities, renovascular hypertension, co...
Chapter
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) or metabolic disorders are complex conditions involving abnormalities in biochemical and metabolic pathways necessary for healthy human existence. They are often caused by partial or total deficiency of key enzymes and these conditions usually present in infancy or early childhood. Some may not be identified until...
Book
This book is written for the primary care clinician to help update knowledge of pediatric endocrinology (with an emphasis on diabetes) from both ancient and modern times. The current and future shortage of pediatric endocrinologists necessitates steady, rejuvenated information on diabetes and other endocrine disorders for primary care clinicians as...
Chapter
Sexual abuse of infants, children, and adolescents remains a cataclysmic phenomenon in all societies and cultures in the world. Exact numbers are not known, but the medical and psychological toll exacted on these pediatric victims is staggering and tragic. This discussion provides perspectives regarding the effects of rape and molestation that thes...
Book
It is estimated that 86 million adult Americans have prediabetes and with that, a risk of developing T2DM (type 2 diabetes) within one in ten patients. About 29 million people have actual diabetes, most with T2DM. It was estimated in 2012 that about 208,000 people under the age of 20 have diabetes in the United States, but there is little data avai...
Book
In the 19th century, a greater understanding of children’s rights was acknowledged, and in the 20th century, child abuse was discovered in 1962 after many years of “turning a blind eye”. The number of reported cases of child abuse worldwide has since exploded into a public health epidemic with a much higher incidence than better-funded diseases suc...
Chapter
Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents with reported prevalence rates between 10% and 30%. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended for optimal outcome that comprises of psychotherapy (especially exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy), family and patient education, and use of medication if indicated. In patients who migh...
Chapter
Tics are one of the most common neuropsychiatric disturbances in children and adolescents. This chapter reviews tic disorder definition, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and co-morbidity. The major emphasis is on current principles of psychopharmacologic management of tic disorders in children and adolescents. Chronic motor tic disorder and To...
Chapter
Over the past 30 years research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), Cisgender LGB, and heterosexual Cisgender youth has emerged as a critical area of study in adolescence. Adolescence is a period when learning about, and navigating, sexuality (i.e., feelings, desires, attraction) and sexual activity (i.e., engaging in sexual contact)...
Chapter
Children and adolescents under the age of 18 years account for one-fifth of arrests for all sexual offenses (excluding prostitution). These young perpetrators can be found among all socio-economic groups and live in all regions of the United States. They often come to the attention of primary care clinicians when their parents bring them to the off...
Chapter
Human sexuality is a complex phenomenon involving the interaction of one’s biologic sex, core gender identity, and gender role behavior. Successful completion of normal stages of sexuality development is important for children and adolescents to allow for optimal life as an adult. Controversies arise for clinicians as they work with their pediatric...
Chapter
Tobacco use in various forms is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. According to a 2015 Monitoring the Future survey, in United States, 3.6 percent of 8th graders, 6.3 percent of 10th graders, and 11.4 percent of 12th graders reported that they had used cigarettes in the previous month. Tobacco use...
Chapter
Sexual abuse of infants, children, and adolescents remains a cataclysmic phenomenon in all societies and cultures in the world. Sexual abuse by a family member is a subset of this perplexing problem which has historical roots dating back to the dawn of human civilization. This reflection provides a context on this unfortunately common phenomenon in...
Book
The search for medicinal agents to improve emotional, behavioral, and psychiatric conditions of Homo sapiens has occurred for ages. The 20th century witnessed the development of psychopharmacologic agents, including stimulants in the 1930s (and 1950s), chlorpromazine in the 1950s, lithium, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, SSRIs (1990s),...
Chapter
Pediatric psychopharmacology had its beginnings in the 1970s after the inaugural 1937 work of Charles Bradley utilizing benzedrine for children with behavioral problems. The question considered in this discussion is “Quo vadis” or where is this field going as the 21st century unfolds? Critical issues that will be addressed include a more exact unde...
Book
Human sexuality is a complex phenomenon involving the interaction of biologic gender, core gender identity and gender role behavior. Successful completion of normal stages of sexual development is important for children and adolescents to allow for an optimal adult life. Controversies arise for clinicians as they work with their pediatric patients...
Chapter
The search for medicinal agents to improve emotional, behavioral, and psychiatric conditions of Homo sapiens has occurred for countless eons. The 20th century witnessed the development of psychopharmacologic agents including stimulants in the 1930s (and 1950s), chlorpromazine in the 1950s, lithium, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, SSRIs...

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