David Waldman

• Arizona State University

Because research on responsible leadership has grown significantly in recent years, we conducted a systematic review of research on responsible leadership. Our overall goal was to establish a comprehensive understanding of alternative definitions of responsible leadership, its theoretical foundations, and distinctions from other moral leadership co...

While there are numerous studies of university technology transfer, there have been relatively few studies of technology transfer at federal labs. Moreover, studies of university technology transfer have focused on faculty, not post-doctoral scientists. They have also ignored identity and sensemaking theories in organizational behavior, which are r...

Responsibility is an important issue in organizations and society. Employees, managers, and owners can behave responsibly in the workplace and beyond. In addition, these individuals can be influenced by the propensity of the organization to behave responsibly. Organizations can pursue strategies that take into account responsibility at the product,...

We extend organizational justice theory by investigating the justice perceptions of academic entrepreneurs regarding interactions with their universities. We assess how these justice perceptions influence the propensity of academic entrepreneurs to engage in different forms of commercialization, as well as the moderating role of entrepreneurial ide...

Despite the continuing interest in leadership and team processes, there is a growing concern over both theoretical and methodological aspects of their conceptualization and measurement. In this symposium, we will highlight some of these theoretical and methodological challenges and demonstrate how the application of neuroscience can help address th...

We explore the implications of social cognitive and contact theories as applied to leader effectiveness in a global context. Specifically, we test a multilevel, moderated mediated model using a sample of 755 global leaders and their supervisors from 43 countries. These leaders were drawn from mostly senior executive ranks in large global corporatio...

the article shows that individuals can be both nationalistic and globalist in their mindset. it offers examples of how it can be done in a variety of situations including the COVID 19 pandemic.

Previous literature has focused on how external forces impose accountability on individuals (i.e., holding individuals to account), but has not considered the possibility of internal, personal accountability. We explain how an internalized sense of accountability, which we term internally assumed accountability, can enrich our understanding of why...

We renew an exchange of letters from 2008 regarding the meaning of responsible leadership, which applies to senior executives of firms as they attempt to engage in corporate social responsibility. An interesting aspect to this discussion is that, depending on one’s theoretical perspective, responsible leadership can be defined in multiple, somewhat...

We renew an exchange of letters from 2008 (Waldman

In this overview article, we contend that most theorizing and research on paradoxes has occurred at the organizational level. However, individuals and their social interactions often serve as the micro-foundations for higher level organizational paradoxes. Thus, it is becoming increasingly clear that a more complete consideration of paradoxes and t...

We consider the utility of two contrasting theoretical perspectives in explaining how laissez‐faire formal leaders and team member motivation to lead (MTL) influences informal leadership and team task performance. The first perspective, functional leadership theory, is the dominant lens used currently to understand informal leadership. However, we...

Stakeholder values are promoted as a guiding principle for executives, but researchers know very little about how the utilization of stakeholder values by executives actually impacts the firms they lead. In this study, we propose that a positive relationship exists between executive stakeholder values and work process change in organizations. We fu...

Stakeholder values are promoted as a guiding principle for executives, but researchers know very little about how the utilization of stakeholder values by executives actually impacts the firms they lead. In this study, we propose that a positive relationship exists between executive stakeholder values and work process change in organizations. We fu...

While the negative effects of abusive supervision are well-documented, less is known about the individual differences that drive supervisors to be abusive. We use a self-control perspective to understand the unique roles of both psychological and neurological characteristics of supervisors in the prediction of abusive behavior. Specifically, we fin...

In this review, we consider the advent of neuroscience in management and organizational research. We organize our review around two general themes pertaining to how areas of the brain may be relevant to management and organizational behavior. First, intrinsic, at-rest activity in the brain provides trait-like information that can be used to better...

A growing body of literature has considered the outcomes of ethical leadership in terms of positive effects on followers. However, little research has addressed its antecedents. We thus have insufficient knowledge of the personal characteristics or qualities of ethical leaders. Accordingly, the current research draws on conceptualizations of what c...

We outline the nature of paradox-savvy leader behavior by first considering an environmental context that increasingly demands attention to the paradoxes that are relevant to leaders. We then categorize such paradoxes in terms of those that are inherent in leadership behavior per se, as well as paradoxes with which leaders must deal that are increa...

Historically, the lack of availability and prohibitive expense of brain imaging technology have limited the application of neuroscience research in organizational settings. However, recent advances in technology have made it possible to use brain imaging in organizational settings at relatively little expense and in a practical manner to further re...

In this introductory chapter, we make the case for the need for a book that explores this nascent field that we label as organizational neuroscience. In so doing, we put the field in an historical context and overview some recent reviews and thought pieces that have touched upon various topics in this emerging discipline. Key arguments for our case...

While reiterating the benefits of applications of neuroscience to both research and practice, we also acknowledge in this concluding chapter the potential issues that will continually need to be addressed. Specifically, we overview ontological and epistemological concerns, such as the potential for excessive reductionism. We also address ethical is...

Emotions and affect continue to garner widespread interest in the organizational sciences, and psychometric instruments tend to be the most often utilized method of assessing emotional phenomena in the workplace. However, psychometric questionnaires/surveys suffer from various shortcomings in that they may not adequately capture the underlying emot...

This chapter overviews how neuroscience can provide a new lens to understand leadership processes in organizations. We describe how neurological scanning can be applied to leadership research, as well as its potential advantages over more traditional techniques, such as surveys. Research to date is summarized pertaining to how neuroscience can info...

Behavioral ethics research in the field of management is burgeoning. While many advancements have been made, applying an organizational neuroscience approach to this area of research has the possibility of creating significant new theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions. We overview the major areas of behavioral ethics research concerni...

We propose a mediation model to explain the relationship between CEO humility and firm performance. Building on upper echelons, power, and paradox theories, we hypothesize that when a more humble CEO leads a firm, its top management team (TMT) is more likely to collaborate, share information, jointly make decisions, and possess a shared vision. The...

This study extends the sparse research on the connection between leadership and follower turnover by investigating the effects of group-level transformational leadership on the withdrawal process. Through an examination of 375 Chinese employees from 96 work groups, we used hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) analyses to test our propose...

The application of physiological methods to the study of psychological phenomena has garnered considerable interest in recent years. These methods have proved especially useful to the study of emotions, since evidence suggests that validly measuring a person's emotional state using traditional, psychometric methods such as surveys or observation is...

We put forth a theoretical model that considers alternative paths toward the formation of vision in collectives. We view vision as being shaped by a combination of hierarchical leader vision and shared leadership processes involving followers. As such, these paths balance leader- and follower-centric approaches to understand the formation of vision...

In response to recent calls to theorize and examine how multiple leader characteristics may work together in their effects, the current research examines how leader narcissism and humility interact to predict perceived leader effectiveness and follower (i.e., direct-report) job engagement and performance. Although an examination of leaders who are...

In this chapter, we consider how neuroscience methods can enhance the study of team processes, as well as facilitate the development of teams. We overview exciting new neuroscience technology that can be applied to the assessment of teams in real time. While research that has already used this technology to study team engagement and workload is sum...

How does the relationship between formal and informal team leaders predict the formal leader’s effectiveness? We answer this question by using a social network approach to assess informal leadership and direction of friendship ties between formal and informal leaders. Based on multiple sources of data from 37 work teams, we focused on the consequen...

Recently, management researchers have paid increasing attention to two related topics, responsibility and accountability in organizations. The issue of responsibility has been applied largely to strategic leaders in terms of how they show concern for social issues and the needs of various types of stakeholders. Accountability is a concept that is r...

Business leaders face increasing scrutiny regarding the extent to which their actions and decisions are responsible. However, the leadership literature has only rarely considered the nature of responsible leadership, and to date, there has been little attempt to measure the phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to construct a measure of respons...

We put forth a theory of visionary leadership that considers emotional qualities of both leaders and followers. A basic premise of our theory is that neuroscience phenomena can help provide a better understanding of how effective vision is formed, as well as how it is received on the part of followers. Specifically, we outline the neurological base...

With the increasing exposure of dishonest, greedy, and unethical corporate leaders around the world, responsible leadership has emerged as a major theme in management discourse acknowledging that business leaders may have responsibilities that extend beyond their immediate economic and legal obligations. The concept of responsible leadership broade...

Organizational neuroscience has great promise for advancing organizational research and practice. The field, however, is developing rapidly and has also become the subject of technological and methodological challenges that must be considered when conducting or interpreting neuroscience research as applied to organizational behavior. We explore fou...

This article serves as an overview of the articles included in this symposium as well as a consideration of how the topic of responsible leadership can be framed in terms of research directions. Specifically, we focus on how the included articles bring attention to the theoretical divergence within the literature. To help address the variations of...

As organizational environments become increasingly dynamic, complex, and competitive, leaders are likely to face intensified contradictory, or seemingly paradoxical, demands. We develop the construct of "paradoxical leader behavior" in people management, which refers to seemingly competing, yet interrelated, behaviors to meet structural and followe...

In this article, we examine the concept of humility among chief executive officers (CEOs) and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers' responses. We develop and validate a comprehensive measure of humility using multiple samples and then test a multilevel model of how CEOs' humil...

How do leaders generate a learning climate that yields favorable organizational outcomes? To address this question, we offer and test a model linking charismatic leadership with the team-emergent states of shared vision and trust within the team, as predicting organizational learning climate and long-term assessments of organizational outcomes by k...

Although issues of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have become an important topic of research, there have been few studies on this topic conducted in the fields of human resource (HR) management and organizational behavior (OB). To address this gap, we edited a special issue of Personnel Psychology that explicitly focuses attention on CSR in...

A growing number of studies have examined the "sharedness" of leadership processes in teams (i.e., shared leadership, collective leadership, and distributed leadership). We meta-analytically cumulated 42 independent samples of shared leadership and examined its relationship to team effectiveness. Our findings reveal an overall positive relationship...

The organizational sciences are rapidly coming together with neuroscience theory and methods to provide new insights into organizational phenomena (Becker et al., 2011; Senior et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2012), and even the potential development of individuals within organizations (Waldman et al., 2011). A number of challenges become relevant in the...

Although the topic of employee engagement has gained increasing attention, little is known about engagement in team settings. In the current study, we examined individual engagement, emergent leadership, and team-level engagement in 31 teams of MBA students who attempted to solve a case problem dealing with corporate social responsibility. A featur...

The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of continuous neurophysiological assessment of different psychological aspects of a team process. The teams consisted of the MBA students who discussed and attempted to solve a case problem dealing with corporate social responsibility (i.e. child labor). At the end of the team process, two types...

Objective: To identify benchmark neurophysiological measures that predict per-formance at a teaming level. Advanced Brain Monitoring has a track record of success in identifying neuro-physiological metrics that impact expert behavior. For example, we character-ized negative and positive predictors for marksmanship skill; persons with higher HF:LF N...

The primary purpose of this chapter is to examine some old truths about leadership at the CEO level, and to summarize a new perspective based on charismatic leadership theory that could help cast light on this important area of strategic management. In so doing, we attempt to move charismatic leadership theory in some new directions by bridging mic...

Leadership development has been continually recognized by organizations as a competence and a mind-set that is worthy of substantial time and resources. Although various approaches have stressed the development of skills or behaviors, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the development of attitudes and belief systems is also relevant. In an e...

Complex contexts and environments require leaders to be highly adaptive and to adjust their behavioral responses to meet diverse role demands. Such adaptability may be contingent upon leaders having requisite complexity to facilitate effectiveness across a range of roles. However, there exists little empirical understanding of the etiology or basis...

Responsible leadership is a concept that can help link corporate social responsibility and performance to actions on the part of policy makers and leaders. It may also help to provide a better understanding of the deteriorating reputations of firms and their leaders as perceived by society as a whole and of what might be required from leaders to st...

Research on strategic leadership has proliferated for a long time. However, very little work has been conducted to investigate this issue from a cross-cultural perspective. To fill this gap, we first review recent findings on strategic leadership in different cultural backgrounds. Then, based on the upper echelons theory, we summarize what research...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of using neurological imaging to classify transformational leaders, versus non-transformational leaders, as identified through existing psychometric methods. Specifically, power spectral analysis measures based on electroencephalograms (EEG) were used to develop and validate a discriminant fun...

This article introduces a model of the development of instrumental networks inside organizational groups. We provide a theoretical framework and empirically test a series of hypotheses pertaining to the relationships between socialized charismatic leadership (SCL) and its consequences in terms of cooperative and sanctioning group behavior. We then...

This study examines the antecedents and outcomes of informal leader emergence in work teams. Drawing upon research in vertical and shared leadership, we hypothesized that the relationship between leader‐‐member exchange (LMX) quality and employees’ emergence as informal leaders is moderated by team shared vision such that there is a positive (negat...

We provide a rejoinder to the article by Bloom, Sadun, and Van Reenen (this issue). In this paper, we acknowledge positive aspects of their work. However, we also raise both conceptual and methodological issues that need to be addressed as their research efforts move forward. Specific recommendations are provided. T he Academy of Management's visio...

This article introduces a model of the development of instrumental networks inside organizational groups. We provide a theoretical framework and empirically test a series of hypotheses pertaining to the relationships between socialized charismatic leadership (SCL) and its consequences in terms of cooperative and sanctioning group behavior. We then...

The topic of leadership has grown in importance, and how and when managers communicate is critical to their effectiveness. This book provides insight for managers to understand the feedback and open communication processes. it suggests guidelines for how and when managers should engage in negative feedback and open organizational-level communicatio...

We provide an overview of how the emerging field of social cognitive neuroscience can be linked to leadership theory and practice. A number of challenges are addressed, including theory development, as well as technical, measurement and methodological issues. In addition, we review recent leadership research that involves neuroscience applications,...

We use a storyteller perspective to examine how victims of terrorism perceive the way that organizations react and respond to their needs in the aftermath of terrorist attacks. Analysis of the data shows that organizations in Israel are often perceived as ineffective to respond in a humane or compassionate manner to the suffering caused by terroris...

The concept of responsible leadership has garnered increased attention in recent years. Indeed, irresponsibility on the part of organizational leaders appears to represent an area of growing concern to the greater public. Accordingly, it is appropriate that increased scholarly attention be devoted to an understanding of this concept. But with that...

Recent advances in the field of neuroscience can significantly add to our understanding of leadership and its development. Specifically, we are interested in what neuroscience can tell us about inspirational leadership. Based on our findings, we discuss how future research in leadership can be combined with neuroscience, as well as potential neurof...

We review three theoretical approaches to strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR), which can be defined as voluntary CSR actions that enhance a firm's competitiveness and reputation. The end result of such activities should be an improvement in financial and economic performance. Based on an overview of recent empirical evidence, we conclud...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the viability of using electroencephalograms (EEG) power spectral analysis measures to classify individuals according to their transformational leadership behavior. Resting, eyes closed EEG was recorded from 19 scalp locations for 200 civilian and military leaders. We also assessed follower/peer perceptions...

People who administer organizations of various types, including medical practices, are finding it increasingly necessary to demonstrate leadership. The challenge is to understand the meaning of effective leadership and to have guiding principles with regard to its implementation. It is argued here that responsibility represents a key guiding theme...

This study seeks to answer questions that have been raised regarding the precise nature of the relationship between narcissism and charismatic leadership. Specifically, we test a model that portrays the roles of socialized vision and visionary boldness as mediators in the relationship between narcissism and attributions of leader charisma. Our find...

The behavioral work context in which members of groups interact with each other is crucial for facilitating knowledge exchange and combination (Nonaka in Great minds in management: the process of theory development, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005; Nonaka et al. in Long Range Plan 33:5–34, 2000). Yet little is known about the ways leaders, by...

This article introduces a model of instrumental networks inside organizational groups. We empirically tested the relationships between socialized charismatic leadership and its consequences for group cooperative and monitoring. We then examine whether these behaviors predict the density of instrumental ties inside groups and, consequently, their pe...

By integrating a social networks perspective with charismatic leadership theory, we attempt to explain how charismatic perceptions of leaders spread among distant followers through third-party individuals (surrogates). We propose a mediated model considering how individuals engage in surrogate behavior (promoting the leader, defending the leader, a...

This study addresses the question of how meaningfulness in the workplace fosters employee creativity. It is posited that two forms of meaningfulness (meaningfulness at work [perceived organizational identity and external prestige] and meaningfulness in working [challenge and freedom]) are keys to enhancing employee creativity. Specifically, the stu...

This study examined how leader relational behaviors (i.e., relational leadership) cultivate bonding social capital among organizational members and the way bonding social capital augments feelings of vigor at work. In addition, the authors examined how vigor enhances employee job performance. Using a sample of 209 participants in Israeli community...

This study examined the etiology of transformational leadership in virtual team contexts. First, we compared 127 members of virtual decision-making teams with 135 members of traditional face-to-face teams in terms of the relationship between aspects of personality and the emergence of transformational leadership. The type of communication media (fa...

This is an overview of the research reported in this special issue on total quality management (TQM). The elements of TQM are defined, and a case is made for conducting more research in the area. Accordingly, this special issue attempts to contribute by offering articles that help build the theoretical and empirical basis of TQM implementation effo...

It is becoming increasingly clear that post-merger and acquisition (M&A) performance, especially in terms of achieving the integration of merging firms, is strongly affected by organizational factors, such as leadership. This paper presents a theoretical model showing how alternative forms of charismatic leadership can be relevant to the implementa...

The purpose of the current study was to examine the indirect effects of executives' stakeholder and economic values on firm performance through their followers' perceptions of leadership and followers' extra effort. Analyses of data collected from separate surveys of chief executive officers (CEOs) and two subsets of followers in 520 firms in 17 co...