David Vogel

University of California, Berkeley | UCB · Haas School of Business

This paper presents an in-depth review of scholarship on how mandatory and voluntary regulatory pressures on firms affect their environmental strategies and performance. While mandatory regulation typically has a strong and positive influence on firms' environmental performance, studies of the effects of voluntary pressures demonstrate that by them...

This article describes and explains why the state of California has long played a leadership role in adopting innovative and stringent environmental standards. It argues that critical roles have been played by the state’s attractive natural environment, the extent of threats to its environmental quality, the material interest of citizens in protect...

Corporate sustainability has gone mainstream, and many companies have taken meaningful steps to improve their own environmental performance. But while corporate political actions such as lobbying can have a greater impact on environmental quality, they are ignored in most current sustainability metrics. It is time for these metrics to be expanded t...

This book describes and explains why California has been the nation'a leader in environmental regulation, beginning with the protection of Yosemite in 1864 and extending to its recent wide ranging efforts to address the risks of global climate change. What makes California distinctive is both its natural scenic attractiveness and the continued thre...

A method or apparatus for monitoring human activity using an inertial sensor is described. The method includes monitoring accelerations, and identifying a current user activity from a plurality of user activities based on the accelerations. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of user activities is associated with one of a plurality of types of...

The concept of sustainability is an evolving one driven by many factors. While business organizations face risks if they ignore the social, political and regulatory shifts that accompany the movement toward sustainability, they also have the opportunity to significantly differentiate themselves from competitors by creating new business models to ad...

A method for monitoring human activity using an inertial sensor includes monitoring accelerations from an inertial sensor integrated into a garment. The accelerations are processed to determine one or more acceleration statistics, and transmit the acceleration statistics.

This paper will contribute to a growing body of research on the concept of public service motivation and its effects. It addresses two important though still largely unexplored questions: How stable or dynamic are prosocial attitudes, and do differences among employees or the individual changes in their attitudes over time matter, in order to expla...

A mobile device monitors accelerations using one or more inertial sensors. A user activity is identified based on the accelerations. A first estimation is made of a user activity statistic associated with the user activity based on the accelerations. Location information is obtained by one or more location based sensors. A second estimation is made...

A method and apparatus for detecting bad signals at a global positioning system (GPS) enabled device are described. In one embodiment, the GPS enabled device includes one or more inertial sensors to provide acceleration measurements for the GPS enabled device, and a GPS receiver to receive positioning data for the GPS enabled device. The GPS enable...

This chapter explores the linkages between international trade rules, national security, and various dimensions of human security, which includes the environment, labor, and human rights. It shows how and why such linkages emerged, describes who initiated and opposed them, and explains how they have affected the membership, terms, scope, and interp...

The Politics of Precaution examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were...

This paper explores the dynamics of regulatory convergence within the European Union and internationally. It primarily consists of two related case-studies of regulatory convergence, one focusing on pharmaceutical regulation within the European Union and the second focusing on pharmaceutical regulation at the global level. Both these cases illustra...

This paper describes and explains an important discontinuity in the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in Europe and the United States, If a regulation was adopted between 1960 and 1990, American regulations were more likely to be more risk averse, innovative and comprehensive than those adopted in Europe. Since around 1990, the...

In recent years, the idea of conscious capitalism has emerged as an important alternative approach to the problems confronting American capitalism. Embraced by a number of corporations and prominent business leaders, it represents a new strategy for reconciling business and social and environmental objectives. While this movement is an inspiring on...

'Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation represents a cutting-edge contribution to the study of economic regulation, and in particular the prospects for cooperation between the US and the EU as the world's dominant economic blocs. The authors, among the leading scholars in their fields, provide theoretically and empirically informed studies of transat...

Corporate responsibility has gone global. Business leaders, as well as leaders from government and civil society, increasingly argue that business must play a constructive role in addressing massive global challenges. Business is not responsible for causing most of the problems associated with, for example, extreme poverty and hunger, child mortali...

When environmental issues emerged on the international agenda in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States was of one of the strongest and most consistent supporters of international environmental treaties and agreements. The member states of the European Union subsequently ratified all the international treaties created in this period, but...

The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy implications. This chapter compares the role of central and local authorities in...

The article assesses the achievements and limitations of the private regulation of global corporate conduct. Private regulation occurs through voluntary, private, nonstate industry and cross-industry codes that address labor practices, environmental performance, and human rights policies. The author argues that while private regulation has resulted...

Corporate responsibility has gone global. It has secured the attention of business leaders, governments and NGOs to an unprecedented extent. Increasingly, it is argued that business must play a constructive role in addressing massive global challenges. Business is not responsible for causing most of the problems associated with, for example, extrem...

This article explores the political dynamics of new forms of transnational non-state governance designed to make global firms more responsible and accountable. It begins by defining "civil regulation," describing its growth and placing its development, structure, and purposes in a broader historical and institutional context. It then explains the d...

This article examines the role of governments and civil society in shaping and encouraging corporate social responsibility (CSR). It begins by exploring the relationship between CSR and particular patterns of business-government-civil society relations. It then examines the patterns of business- government relations that are associated with CSR. It...

Regulations that govern the social and environmental impacts of global firms and markets without state enforcement are a relatively new dimension of global business regulation. The growth of such voluntary "civil regulations" reflects both the expansion of legitimate authority in the global economy outside the state and the increasing use of altern...

Our annual survey of ideas and trends that will make an impact on business: Stan Stalnaker heralds a peer-to-peer economy in which consumers become consumer-producers. Tamara J. Erickson dissects the expectations of Gen Y workers. Dr. Jerome Groopman writes a prescription for avoiding misdiagnoses in decision making. Michael Sheehan warns not to re...

Liberal legality and class struggle: A review essay * My thanks to Steve Fisher and Mary Harnish for their constructive comments on this essay. View all notes

What is unique about the development of business ethics in the USA, and how does it compare with various countries of Europe and with Japan? Institutional, legal, social and cultural factors are identified by the Professor of Business and Public Policy at the Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley. An earlier version of this...

The business case for corporate social responsibility has become increasingly influential. It is the central message of most books on CSR, it is widely believed by executives and many business students, and it underlies the business model of socially responsible investment funds. It is attractive to many CSR advocates, since if CSR "pays," then the...

The business case for corporate social responsibility has become increasingly influential. it is the central message of most books on CSR, it is widely believed by executives and many business students, and it underlies the business model of socially responsible investment funds. it is attractive to many CSR advocates, since if CSR "pays," then the...

The business case for corporate virtue, namely that firms can do well by doing good, underlies much of the enthusiasm among corporations for social responsibility. Echoed endlessly in books and articles, that argument appeals to the business community because it suggests that managers need not make trade-offs between decisions that benefit society...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly being recognized by firms as central to core business activities, as opposed to a peripheral consideration largely associated with philanthropy. This trend has major ramifications for marketing strategy that were explored at an international conference on "Integrating Social Responsibility and M...

There has been an important shift in the pattern of divergence between consumer and environmental protection policies in Europe and the United States. From the 1960s through the mid 1980s American regulatory standards tended to be more stringent, comprehensive and innovative than in either individual European countries or in the European Union (EU)...

European and U.S. regulatory policies have changed considerably over the past 30 years. In Europe, since the mid-1980s, consumer and environmental regulation has become more politically salient and regulations have by and large become stricter. On the other hand, in the United States consumer and environmental issues have become less salient and co...

European and U.S. regulatory policies have changed considerably over the past 30 years. In Europe, since the mid-1980s, consumer and environmental regulation has become more politically salient and regulations have by and large become stricter. On the other hand, in the United States consumer and environmental issues have become less salient and co...

This article explores the relationship between economic integration and environmental regulation. It begins by observing that fears that economic competition would lead to a regulatory 'race toward the bottom' appear to have proven unwarranted: increased economic integration has proven compatible with the general strengthening of environmental stan...

This article examines the increasingly important and often contentious relationship between international trade and environmental regulation in the United States. It begins by explaining why these two policy areas have recently become more interdependent and then explores some of the specific controversies surrounding the contemporary linkages betw...

This article draws on ancient and medieval Jewish texts to explore the role of the physical environment in Jewish thought. It situates Jewish teachings in the context of the debate between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism, discusses the Jewish view of nature, and reviews various interpretations of an important Biblical precept of environmental ethi...

Drugs have long been among the most extensively regulated of all consumer products. Not only do all governments closely supervise virtually every aspect of their development, testing, production and marketing, but many also regulate their pricing and distribution. The pharmaceutical industry is highly globalized, with over half the sales of the fif...

This article explores the adequacy of international governance mechanisms to address environmental issues. It examines the impact of increased global economic integration on national and regional environmental standards, the role of market mechanisms in facilitating the dissemination of environmental standards from greener nations to less green one...

This article reviews the literature on business-government-society relations during the past three decades. It describes the growth of scholarship on business power, business political activity, the changing political agenda, interest group representation, and changing social expectations and explores in detail three approaches to the study of the...

In this book, Gary Mucciaroni compares and contrasts four policy areas-tax incentives, anti-competitive regulations, trade barriers, and agricultural subsidies-where it is possible for interest groups to gain substantial benefits while paying little of the costs. He finds that the fortunes of these groups vary considerably across policies and over...

We live at a time of rapid change in a world of challenges and contrasts. The opportunities for application of group support systems (GSS) in international contexts are many in number and broad reaching in implication. A methodology for regional development studies has been developed by the ITESM Center for Strategic Studies in Monterrey, Mexico. T...

During the last decade, highly publicized incidents of business misconduct have occurred in virtually every major industrial economy. These scandals have played a critical role in increasing public, business, and academic awareness of issues of business ethics throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. Yet the extent of both public and academi...

This article traces the historical roots of some of our current preoccupations with the ethics of business. It argues that many of the contemporary criteria that we use to evaluate the ethics of business are not new; rather, they date back several centuries. This argument is illustrated by comparing historical and contemporary discussions of three...

This paper traces the historical roots of some of our current preoccupations with the ethics of business. Its central argument is that many of the contemporary criteria that we use to evaluate the ethics of business are not new; rather, they date back several centuries. This paper illustrates this thesis by comparing historical and contemporary dis...

This article examines a neglected phenomenon in the existing literature on social regulation, namely political opposition to regulation that comes not from business but from consumers. It examines four cases of successful grass-roots consumer opposition to government health and safety regulations in the United States. Two involve rules issued by th...

Examines the impact of AIDS on recent reform of the Food and Drug Act Amendments of 1962. Discusses the role of gay activists, consumer protection groups, the American Medical Association, and feminist activist groups. (FMW)

Over the last fifteen years political scientists have become much more critical of the role that business plays in American politics. Two decades ago business was primarily regarded as another interest group; now many scholars perceive a tension between the large business corporation and the principles and practices of pluralist democracy. This art...

In 1982, Steve Jobs, a founder and then chairman of Apple Computer, departed from Apple's tradition of avoiding political action to lobby successfully for the passage of California Assembly Bill 3194. This legislation, nicknamed the “Apple Bill,” gave manufacturers special tax credits for donations of scientific equipment to California schools. Thr...

This article offers a two-part criticism of the current state of research and teaching in business-and-society courses and programs. The first section argues that the social and political issues that originally gave rise to the study of business and society fifteen years ago have lost much of their relevance to the practice of management. The secon...