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January 1998 - present
August 1997 - present
Publications
Publications (138)
To reduce emissions of carbon and other greenhouse gases on a pathway that does not overshoot and keeps global average temperature increase to below the 1.5 °C target stipulated by the Paris Agreement, it shall be necessary to rely on nature-based solutions with atmospheric removals. Without activities that create removals by carbon sequestration i...
Prior to the UN Policy framework REDD+, the Government of Senegal (GoS) initiated for many decades, important land management programs to address deforestation and land degradation which affects the country’s food production, ecosystem benefits and livelihoods. A lot of investment and policies have been implemented in various ecologies to improve t...
The consistent monitoring of trees both inside and outside of forests is key to sustainable land management. Current monitoring systems either ignore trees outside forests or are too expensive to be applied consistently across countries on a repeated basis. Here we use the PlanetScope nanosatellite constellation, which delivers global very high-res...
The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is the first spaceborne LiDAR designed to improve quantification of vegetation structure and forest aboveground biomass (AGB) including in the tropics where forest AGB inventory data are limited. GEDI is a sampling instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) and does not provide data on a r...
In this study, we assessed the impacts of land use and climate changes on the river flows of 81 watersheds within the Cerrado biome, Brazil, based on a comprehensive analysis of field and secondary data acquired between 1985 and 2018. Complementarily, we projected a future deforestation and climate scenario up to 2050 and predicted their impacts on...
Trees sustain livelihoods and mitigate climate change but a predominance of trees outside forests and limited resources make it difficult for many tropical countries to conduct automated nation-wide inventories. Here, we propose an approach to map the carbon stock of each individual overstory tree at the national scale of Rwanda using aerial imager...
Outputs (results) on individual tree density, canopy cover, and estimated tree carbon stock in Rwanda using aerial images of 2008, published in "Mugabowindekwe, M., Brandt, M., Chave, C., Reiner, F., Skole, D. L, Kariryaa, A., Igel, C., Hiernaux, P., Ciais, P., Mertz, O., Tong, X., Li, S., Rwanyiziri, G., Dushimiyimana, T., Ndoli, A., Uwizeyimana,...
The project trained forest managers from Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) and Social Forestry units in Aceh Province in forest resource data collection and the use of three tools that report important forest ecosystem services. Data were collected in systematic forest plots by local KPH staff and social forestry community members for measuring fore...
The consistent monitoring of trees both inside and outside of forests is key to mitigating climate change. Current monitoring systems either ignore trees outside forests or are too expensive to be applied consistently across countries on a repeated basis. Here we make use of the PlanetScope nanosatellite constellation, which delivers global very hi...
The consistent monitoring of trees both inside and outside of forests is key to mitigating climate change. Current monitoring systems either ignore trees outside forests or are too expensive to be applied consistently across countries on a repeated basis. Here we make use of the PlanetScope nanosatellite constellation, which delivers global very hi...
Trees sustain livelihoods and mitigate climate change, but a predominance of trees outside forests and limited resources make it difficult for many developing countries to conduct frequent nation-wide inventories. Here, we propose a rapid and accurate approach to map the carbon stock of each individual tree and shrub at the national scale of Rwanda...
While closed canopy forests have been an important focal point for land cover change monitoring and climate change mitigation, less consideration has been given to methods for large scale measurements of trees outside of forests. Trees outside of forests are an important but often overlooked natural resource throughout sub-Saharan Africa, providing...
Trees outside of forests are numerous and can be important carbon sinks, while also providing ecosystem services and benefits to livelihoods. New monitoring tools highlight the crucial contribution they can make to strategies for both climate mitigation and adaptation.
Measuring sustainability of land use and agriculture requires some understanding of the complex interactions that take place on land. As we look to the future, it is likely that those concerns that threaten sustainability, such as climate change, will have profound infl uences on land use and land cover change. In particular, the world's continued...
Spatial time-series measurements of forest degradation rates are important for estimating national greenhouse gas emissions but have been challenging for open forests and woodlands. This lack of quantitative data on forest degradation rates, location and biomass is an important constraint to developing national REDD+ policy. In Malawi, and in most...
Although deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon are well known, the extent of the area affected by forest degradation is a notable data gap, with implications for conservation biology, carbon cycle science, and international policy. We generated a long-term spatially quantified assessment of forest degradation for the entire Brazilian Amazon f...
The proximity of universities to specific environments or ecosystems creates advantages for developing e-learning courses. E-learning and advances in internet technologies also help to shrink the gap between more remote and less remote universities. Using the example of a recently developed e-learning course on Peatland Ecosystems and Climate Chang...
Aims: Growth-climate relationships were examined in 7 tropical tree species growing in the Yala river basin of western Kenya: Acacia mearnsii, Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalytus saligna, Mangifera indica, and Markhamia lutea. Methodology: Standardized basal area increments were correlated with monthly and...
The Amazon Biogeochemistry Experiment (CE) is proposed as a joint NASA/INPE study in the Amazon Basin to study the consequences of forest conversion, agricultural practice and abandonment, and secondary succession, on regional and global biogeochemistry and atmospheric chemistry. Field experiments, remote sensing observations, and modeling activiti...
The achievement of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) goals in Africa will require widespread farmer adoption of practices and technologies that promote resilience and system-wide collective action to promote ex ante climate risk management activities and ex post coping strategies. Leveraging public sector resources is critical to achieve goals at sca...
Aims: Growth-climate relationships were examined in 7 tropical tree species growing in the Yala river basin of western Kenya: Acacia mearnsii, Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalytus saligna, Mangifera indica, and Markhamia lutea. Methodology: Standardized basal area increments were correlated with monthly and...
This study focuses on tropical tree growth rates in Western Kenya. The dendrochronological potential of each study species was determined by visual examination of rings, and then cumulative growth trajectories for diameter were synthesized for species of sufficient sample size (n >= 3), based on ring-width chronologies. The 14 tree species consider...
Agroforestry is one of the most conspicuous land use systems across landscapes and agroecological zones in Africa. With food shortages and increased threats of climate change, interest in agroforestry is gathering for its potential to address various on-farm adaptation needs, and fulfill many roles in AFOLU-related mitigation pathways. Agroforestry...
This new work developed tools for the management and protection of medicinal plants or herbs in their native habitat in the Phu Phan forest complex, northeastern Thailand. The biological diversity of medical plants was analyzed as well as their distribution and status, and a geoinformatics database was developed including distribution maps to be us...
Regrowth and planted trees in agricultural landscapes are rarely protected from clearing under national Forest Acts. There is, therefore, some question over the long-term security of any value they might provide to biodiversity and the global carbon cycle. Engaging landholders in carbon credits that are conditioned on planted areas being maintained...
The rapid environmental changes occurring in the Brazilian Amazon due to widespread deforestation have attracted the attention of the scientific community for several decades. A topic of particular interest involves the assessment of the combined impacts of selective logging and forest fires. Forest disturbances by selective logging and forest fire...
This study report provides a comprehensive list of ongoing REDD projects and programmes as well as their potential contributions to GHG emissions. Varying levels of international commitment towards the objectives of REDD+ initiatives highlighted are examined and discussed in relation to the objectives and specific challenges in their implementation...
Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is an important agroforestry tree of tropics and subtropics due to its protein rich foliages, ability to grow on poor soils, and high level of tolerance to various stresses including drought and diseases. We hypothesized that leucaena have a unique set of genes which confer tolerance to various abiotic and biotic st...
Carbon (C) is a new commodity that is now traded in financial markets and there is potential for farmers adopting agroforestry
to sell C in addition to traditional timber and non-timber agroforestry commodities. Implementing agroforestry C offset projects
is a challenging task, however, and it requires new, market-approved, C accounting methods tha...
Advances of agroforestry are known to provide rural people much potential in both struggling out their poverty and mitigating of firm damaged caused by uncontrollable weathers. Changing of cultivation systems from single annually plant cultivation to multi-specie cultivation with various trees and perennial woody plants included can reduce the seve...
Carbon (C) is a new commodity that is now traded in financial markets and
there is potential for farmers adopting agroforestry to sell C in addition to traditional
timber and non-timber agroforestry commodities. Implementing agroforestry C offset
projects is a challenging task, however, and it requires new, market-approved,
C accounting methods tha...
Many studies have assessed the process of forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon using remote sensing approaches to estimate the extent and impact by selective logging and forest fires on tropical rain forest. However, only a few have estimated the combined impacts of those anthropogenic activities. We conducted a detailed analysis of selective...
Recent analyses of land-use change in the tropical regions and in the temperate and boreal regions of the earth were combined to yield a global estimate of 1.0 - 2.6 times 1015 g C for the net release of carbon to the atmosphere in 1980 from changes in land use. Deforestation in the tropics accounted for nearly all of the flux; the net release of c...
ABSTRACTA detailed analysis of the history of land-use change in the Soviet Union that included tree cutting and regrowth, oxidation of woody debris, decay of wood products, and clearing of lands for agricultural expansion showed that the net carbon flux between the USSR and the atmosphere resulting from these activities was approximately zero in 1...
The chapter focuses on the convergence of two global concerns: firstly, the emerging climate crisis brought on by fossil fuel combustion and land use change, and, secondly, an economy reliant on increasingly scarce and nonrenewable fossil fuels for energy and materials. It begins by reviewing global climate change caused by the use of fossil carbon...
Experts discuss the multiple components of sustainability, the constraints imposed by their linkages, and the necessity of taking a comprehensive view.
Humanity faces immense hurdles as it struggles to define the path toward a sustainable future. The multiple components of sustainability, all of which demand attention, make understanding the very c...
Experts discuss the multiple components of sustainability, the constraints imposed by their linkages, and the necessity of taking a comprehensive view.
Humanity faces immense hurdles as it struggles to define the path toward a sustainable future. The multiple components of sustainability, all of which demand attention, make understanding the very c...
At this time, there is a convergence between two related and serious global concerns: (1) the emerging climate crisis brought on by fossil fuel combustion and land-use change and (2) an economy reliant on increasingly scarce and nonrenewable fossil fuels for energy and materials. Both of these concerns are pushing science and policy to begin discus...
In a recent issue of PNAS, Grainger (1) claimed that the evidence for decline of global tropical forests is “unclear” and that it is difficult to demonstrate that it is happening “convincingly using available tropical forest area data.” We agree with most of the article, yet we feel these statements overstate the uncertainty about tropical deforest...
This paper evaluates the generalization potential of a classification approach for the task of mapping tropical secondary forest across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia. The approach applies linear mixture modelling to atmospherically and topographically corrected Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data, and the...
Large-scale selective logging is a relatively new activity in the Amazon and its full consequences have yet to be evaluated. Impacts by selective logging alone have been estimated to increase approximately 4-7% of the annual carbon release from deforestation. In this research, visual interpretation and semi-automated remote sensing techniques were...
Selective logging degrades tropical forests. Logging operations vary in timing, location, and intensity. Evidence of this land use is rapidly obscured by forest regeneration and ongoing deforestation. A detailed study of selective logging operations was conducted near Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, one of the key Amazonian logging centers. An...
Over the past several decades, the Brazilian State of Rondônia has been the destination of many rural migrants drawn from Brazil's middle southern regions by massive government colonization projects. Factors such as explosive population growth, logging, mining, small-scale farming and ranching have synergistically fuelled deforestation in the state...
There is a growing recognition about the critical role water plays in sustaining people and society. This workshop established dialog between disciplinary scientists and program managers from diverse backgrounds in order to share perspectives and broaden community understanding of ongoing fundamental and applied research on water as a complex envir...
As we enter the next century of geographical research, trends are converging which will place the discipline of geography at the forefront of knowledge creation. First, the problems of global environmental change will force more interdisciplinary and synthesis- based research, while advancing research on the coupling between human and natural syste...
Southeast Asia is a culturally, environmentally, and geographically rich, diverse, and dynamic region. Comprised of eleven
countries, it spans the Indochina and Malay peninsulas and the Malay Archipelago. Five nations, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
and Vietnam, are entirely on the mainland. The remaining six, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Mal...
The study of land-use and land-cover change has a long history dating to ancient times. (Glacken 1967) Early concern focused
on how human activities transformed and degraded landscapes, a theme that has resurfaced at various times (Marsh 1864; Thomas
1956; Moran 2000) and currently is embedded within the larger concept of global environmental chang...
Human beings are altering land cover at rates and scales that are unprecedented in human history (NRC 2002), rivaling glacial/interglacial transitions in magnitude (NAS 2000). Nowhere are human-mediated changes in land cover affecting global processes more than in the tropics. Understanding the causes and effects of regional land cover and land use...
To ensure systematic long-term observations of the environment several efforts have been made in recent years to provide international
coordination of observational systems working within the framework of various overarching international organizations. One
such effort is known as Global Observations of Forest Cover/Global Observations of Land Cove...
This article examines forest change in the Brazilian Amazon in light of forest transition theory. We draw on satellite-based land cover data matched in a geographic information system (GIS) to census-based social and agricultural data for Brazilian municipalities at multiple time points. Subregions with distinct settlement histories serve as proxie...
This article examines forest change in the Brazilian Amazon in light of forest transition theory. We draw on satellite-based land cover data matched in a geographic information system (GIS) to census-based social and agricultural data for Brazilian municipalities at multiple time points. Subregions with distinct settlement histories serve as proxie...
This paper presents models of secondary forests (“regrowth”) in the Brazilian Amazon using social indicators as explanatory factors. We draw on a spatially explicit data set containing satellite-based estimates of secondary growth, matched to census-based social indicators for municipalities in the region. The models overcome several shortcomings i...
This paper examines the relationships between the sociodemographic characteristics of small settlers in the Brazilian Amazon and the life cycle hypothesis in the process of deforestation. The analysis was conducted combining remote sensing and geographic data with primary data of 153 small settlers along the Transamazon Highway. Regression analyses...
Carbon fluxes from tropical deforestation and regrowth are highly uncertain components of the contemporary carbon budget, due in part to the lack of spatially explicit and consistent information on changes in forest area. We estimate fluxes for the 1980s and 1990s using subpixel estimates of percent tree cover derived from coarse (National Oceanic...
Logging is a major form of forest degradation in the tropical regions like Brazilian Amazon. It alters the tropical habitat environments and results in release of carbons as well. The traditional way of logging is through forest clearing, which converts forest to other land uses such as agriculture or rangeland. Recently a new form of forest degrad...
While the role of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in operational tropical forest monitoring has yet to be de ned, it is nevertheless a critical technology for improving our understanding of deforestation and secondary vegetation in the tropics. In order to understand the role of this technology in operational monitoring a systematic evaluation, rela...
Quanti cation of the direct impact of land use in the tropics on net biotic carbon ux relies on estimates of rates of deforestation, pre-and post-disturbance biomass, and fate of the cleared land. While existing remote sensing applications are providing estimates of the rates of deforestation and the fate of the cleared land (pasture, croplands, or...
Lake water clarity as measured by Secchi disk transparency (SDT) is a cost-effective measure of water quality. However, in re-gions where there are thousands of lakes, sampling even a small proportion of those lakes for SDT year after year is cost prohibitive. Remote sensing has the potential to be a powerful tool for assessing lake clarity over la...
The impact of land tenure security on tropical deforestation and land management, more generally, is an issue that has received a great deal of discussion, and which possesses significant policy implications. If land tenure encourages planning over the long term, then the awarding of titles and the enforcement of private property rights may provide...
Accurate estimates of forest cover and forest fragmentation are critical for developing countries such as Costa Rica, which holds four to five percent of the world's plant and bird species. We estimated forest cover for Costa Rica using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite scenes acquired between 1986 and 1991. In 1991, 29 percent ( ca 14,000 km ² )...
The Tropical Rain Forest Information Center (TRFIC) is a NASA-funded data center focusing on data and information services for the global change community and applications for national resources management in tropical countries. It is part of a multi-institutional federation of Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP), an on-going prototyping effo...
The distribution of sources and sinks of carbon among the world's ecosystems is uncertain. Some analyses show northern midlatitude lands to be a large sink, whereas the tropics are a net source(1); other analyses show the tropics to be nearly neutral. whereas northern mid-latitudes are a small sink(2,3). Here we show that the annual flux of carbon...
The clearing of tropical forests across the Earth has been occuring on a large scale basis for many centuries. This process, known as deforestation, involves the cutting down, burning, and damaging of forests. The loss of tropical rainforest is more profound than merely destruction of beautiful areas. If the current rate of deforestation continues,...
Land cover change in Rondonia, Brazil was estimated using Landsat
and JERS-1 SAR data. Annual Landsat TM data from 1989 to 1995 were used
to document rates of deforestation, abandonment and re-clearing of
secondary growth for a 460000 hectare area in Rondonia. Results indicate
secondary growth was a large, rapidly changing pool (varied annually
bet...
Multitemporal satellite images have been used to differentiate, measure the areal extent of, and determine transitional probabilities among different secondary forest age classes in the tropics. In these studies, temporal gaps in the satellite archive are common due to difficulties associated with availability of cloud-free data, costs, temporal di...
D. LIVERMAN, E. MORAN, R. RINDFUSS, P. STERN
An international system for monitoring land cover change is needed to support a range of scientific and policy objectives.
Although much of the technology and methods are readily available, such a program has yet to be implemented. This paper outlines
the rationale, requirements, and strategy for implementing a land cover-monitoring program using s...
An international system for monitoring land cover change is needed to support a range of scientific and policy objectives.
Although much of the technology and methods are readily available, such a program has yet to be implemented. This paper outlines
the rationale, requirements, and strategy for implementing a land cover-monitoring program using s...
Excellent data on deforestation have been obtained in the tropics with the use of high-resolution optical sensors. Yet, several problems remain. Cloud cover creates data gaps that limit the possibility of complete and frequent assessments, and secondary growth is not well characterized. Active microwave sensors could complement these sensors becaus...
One of the concerns regarding transformation of land cover in tropical areas has been the large degree of uncertainty associated
with both rates of deforestation over time and total deforestation. Special monitoring mechanisms must be taken into consideration
if a program toward deforestation control is going to be implemented at the national or re...
An analysis of land cover changes was performed using a time-series of five SPOT HRV images for an area of the State of Rondonia (western Brazilian Amazon)from 1986 to 1992. The total deforested area and the fraction of land abandoned to secondary vegetation were determined by means of image classification and Geographical Information System (GIS)t...
'The Role of Tropical Deforestation in the Global Carbon cycle: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics', was a joint project involving the University of New Hampshire, the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Woods Hole Research Center. The contribution of the Woods Hole Research Center consisted of three tasks: (1) assist University of New Hampshire in de...
We used a process-based model of ecosystem biogeochemistry (MBL-GEM) to
evaluate the effects of global change on carbon (C) storage in mature
tropical forest ecosystems in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. We first
derived a single parameterization of the model that was consistent with
all the C stock and turnover data from three intensively studied site...
We determined stocks of C and N for soils under undisturbed vegetation across the Brazilian Amazon Basin based on 1162 soil profiles of the RADAMBRASIL survey and a digitized Brazilian soil survey map. Mean basin soil C density was 10.3 kg C m-2. Forty-seven petagrams C and 4.4 Pg N were contained in the top 1 m of soil. Forty-five percent of total...
Land-Use and Land-Cover Change is significant to a range of themes and issues central to the study of global change. The alterations it effects in the surface of the earth hold major implications for sustainable development and livelihood systems and also contributes to changes in the biogeochemical cycles of the earth, affecting the atmospheric gr...
