David L. Martin

SRI International | SRI

This invention relates generally to the field of medicine and, more specifically, to methods for treating epithelial injury, in particular, due to ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, chemolytics or radiation exposure.

The present invention relates to methods for treating intestinal fluid balance disorders and modulating intestinal fluid secretion and absorption using calcimimetics and calcilytics.

Military training and testing events integrate a diverse set of live and simulated systems, most of which were built independently and weren’t specifically designed to work together. Data interoperability and service-oriented architecture approaches, while essential, do not provide a complete solution to ensuring that systems will be fully compatib...

This paper describes a novel approach to the description and discovery of Semantic Web services. We propose SPARQL as a formal language to describe the preconditions and postconditions of services, as well as the goals of agents. In addition, we show that SPARQL query evaluation can be used to check the truth of preconditions in a given context, co...

Establishing and maintaining interoperability among heterogeneous systems is a major challenge and expense for large business and military projects. Data interoperability and service-oriented architecture (SOA) approaches, while essential, do not provide a complete solution. We describe a complementary approach that uses Web Ontology Language (OWL)...

Military training and testing events are highly complex affairs, potentially involving dozens of legacy systems that need to interoperate in a meaningful way. There are superficial interoperability concerns (such as two systems not sharing the same messaging formats), but also substantive problems such as different systems not sharing the same unde...

To meet the intelligence community’s need for link analysis tools that work together, researchers are currently investigating ways of building workflows of these tools using an intelligent system architecture. A key challenge in building a dynamic link analysis workflow environment is representing the behavior of the individual link analysis algori...

As AI developers increasingly look to workflow technologies to perform complex integrations of individual software components, there is a growing need for the workflow systems to have expressive descriptions of those components. They must know more than just the types of a component’s inputs and outputs; instead, they need detailed characterization...

Semantic Web Services aims to bring web technology for representing, sharing, and reasoning about knowledge, with an objective to enable a fuller, more flexible automation of service provision and use and the construction of more powerful tools and methodologies for working with services. Both Web services and the Semantic Web are prerequisites for...

SAWSDL and OWL-S are Semantic Web services languages that both aim at enriching WSDL with semantic annotation. In this paper, we analyze the similarities and differences between the two languages, with the objective of showing how OWL-S annotations could take advantage of SAWSDL annotations. In the process, we discover and analyze representational...

These proceedings contain the papers accepted for the 2nd edition of the workshop ”Advances in Semantics for Web services 2007” (semantics4ws 2007). The workshop was held in Brisbane, Australia, on September 24, 2007, in conjunction with the Fifth International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2007).

Several research initiatives are being followed for exploring Semantic Web services (SWS) to provide web services. The Semantic Web focuses on the publication of more expressive metadata in a shared knowledge framework, enabling the deployment of software agents that can use Web resources. SWS provide distributed computation services, processes, me...

Current industry standards for describing Web Services are focused on ensuring in- teroperability across diverse platforms, but do not provide a good foundation for automating the use of Web Services. Representational techniques being developed for the Semantic Web can be used to augment these standards. The resulting Web Service specifications ena...

We describe a novel approach by which software can assess the ability of a confederation of heterogeneous systems to interoperate to achieve a given purpose. The approach uses ontologies and knowl- edge bases (KBs) to capture the salient characteristics of systems, on the one hand, and of tasks for which these systems will be employed, on the other...

Recently the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) produced a standard set of "Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema" (SAWSDL). SAWSDL provides a standard means by which WSDL documents can be related to semantic descriptions, such as those provided by OWL-S (OWL for Services) and other Semantic Web services frameworks. We argue that the value of S...

Recently, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) produced a standard set of "Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema" (SAWSDL). SAWSDL provides a standard means by which WSDL documents can be related to semantic descriptions, such as those provided by OWL-S and other Semantic Web services frameworks. We explain what OWL-S constructs are appropria...

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The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) provides a fundamental mechanism for diverse cells to detect and respond to modulations in the ionic and nutrient compositions of their extracellular milieu. The roles for this receptor are largely unknown in the intestinal tract, where epithelial cells are normally exposed to large variations in extracellular so...

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) provides a fundamental mechanism for diverse cells to detect and respond to modulations in the ionic and nutrient compositions of their extracellular milieu. The roles for this receptor are largely unknown in the intestinal tract, where epithelial cells are normally exposed to large variations in extracellular so...

Over the last decade, research in agent-based systems (ABS) has spawned a multi-faceted field, addressing a broad range of challenges and generating a varied array of technical approaches. Web service technologies, in contrast, have arisen in a more incremental fashion, with more modest aims, although the vision statements associated with Web servi...

When considering the full range of Web service-related activities, it becomes clear that dealing with context is a major challenge, requiring greater expressiveness, reasoning capabilities, and architectural components than are provided by the current widely accepted building blocks of the Web services stack. This paper presents an informal overvie...

These proceedings contain the papers accepted for presentation at the “Advances in Semantics for Web services (semantics4ws 2006)” workshop held in Vienna, Austria, on September 4, 2006, in conjunction with the Fourth International Conference on Business Process Mangement (BPM 2006). The main topics of this workshop are related to applicability of...

We wish to extend a warm welcome to AWeSOMe’05, The First International Workshop on Agents, Web Services and Ontologies Merging. This workshop will be held in conjunction with the On The Move Federated Conferences and Workshops 2005 (OTM’05). The current and future software needs are towards the development of large and complex Intelligent Networke...

The power of Web Service (WS) technology lies in the fact that it establishes a common, vendor-neutral platform for integrating distributed computing applications, in intranets as well as the Internet at large. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) promise to provide solutions to the challenges associated with automated discovery, dynamic composition, enact...

Semantic Web technology is a promising approach to a wide variety of Web-based applications in business, finance, government, and education. Typically, these applications involve several parties that do not know each other or have no prior business contacts. It is therefore vital for an entity to know that engaging in a business transaction, a serv...

Abstract We give an overview of rules in the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) from the viewpoint of directions for standardization This includes requirements, tasks about services, kinds of knowledge, combining rules with ontologies, suitability of fundamental knowledge representations and desirability of particular expressive features

This document provides an overview of the Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF), which includes the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) and the Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO). http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWSF/

Service interface description languages such as WSDL, and related standards, are evolving rapidly to provide a foundation for interoperation be- tween Web services. At the same time, Semantic Web service technologies, such as the Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S), are developing the means by which services can be given richer semantic spec...

Questions in natural language are answered by consulting multiple sources and inferring answers from information they provide. An automated deduction system, equipped with an axiomatic application-domain theory, serves as the coordinator for the process. Sources include data bases, Web pages, programs, and unstructured text. Answers may contain tex...

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transpo...

A key element to realizing the Semantic Web is developing a suitably rich language for encoding and describing Web content. Such a language must have a well defined semantics, be sufficiently expressive to describe the complex interrelationships and constraints between Web objects, and be amenable to automated manipulation and reasoning with accept...

The goal of the BioSPICE program is to create a framework that provides biologists access to the most current computational tools. At the program midpoint, the BioSPICE member community has produced a software system that comprises contributions from approximately 20 participating laboratories integrated under the BioSPICE Dashboard and a methodolo...

Realizing the Web's full potential will require the development and support of agents that function as schedulers, planners, and searchers who, with minimal direction, can serve as an omnipresent staff of advisers, secretaries, brokers, and research assistants. Electronic commerce has brought this capability tantalizingly near. Organizations and in...

Many researchers are working towards the goal of a semantic Web --- a Web that is unambiguously computer interpretable, and thus very accessable to artificial intelligence.

Many researchers are working towards the goal of a semantic Web — a Web that is unambiguously computer interpretable, and thus very accessable to artificial intelligence. A semantic Web would allow artificial agents to do the work of searching for and utilizing services required by humans or organizations. DAML-S is a Web service ontology intended...

The focus of Taskable Reactive Agent Communities (TRAC) project was to develop mixed-initiative technology to enable humans to supervise and manage teams of agents as they perform tasks in dynamic environments. TRAC technology would enable users to task agent communities in a high-level language that provides both descriptions of goals to be satisf...

: The glutamine cycle has been proposed as a pathway in which glutamine synthesized in glia provides substrate for synthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA as they are lost from neurons. To test whether GABA may regulate this pathway, the effect of elevated GABA on the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase was examined in rat brain. Repeat...

In this paper we present DAML-S, a DAML+OIL ontology for describing the properties and capabilities of Web Services. Web Services -- Web-accessible programs and devices -- are garnering a great deal of interest from industry, and standards are emerging for low-level descriptions of Web Services. DAML-S complements this effort by providing Web Servi...

In this paper we present DAML-S, a DAML+OIL ontology for describing the properties and capabilities of Web Services. Web Services { Web-accessible programs and devices { are garnering a great deal of interest from industry, and standards are emerging for low-level descriptions of Web Services. DAML-S complements this eort by providing Web Service d...

is technologies --- for example, speech recognition, image understanding, and optical character recognition --- to the indexing and retrieval of multimedia. Informedia [1] and Broadcast News Navigator [2] are similar projects that use these technologies for archiving and retrieval. The main goal of the MAESTRO project is to discover, implement, and...

The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of...

Querying the Web today can be a frustrating activity because the results delivered by syntactically oriented search engines often do not match the intentions of the user. The DARPA DAML project aims at overcoming this problem by allowing webpages to be marked up in a way that indicates the meaning of the content. In this paper we present our vision...

The goal of this ongoing project is to develop an open agent architecture and accompanying user interface for networked desktop and handheld machines. The system we are building should support distributed execution of a user's requests, interoperabilityofmultiple application subsystems, addition of new agents, and incorporation of existing applicat...

The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of...

The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of...

The design and development of the Open Agent Architecture (OAA)3 system has focused on providing access to agent-based applications through an intelligent, cooperative, distributed, and multimodal agent-based user interface. Only the primary user interface agents need run on the local computer, thereby simplifying the task of using a range of appli...

This paper describes the application of the TextPro system to the task of recognition of named entities in speech. TextPro is a lightweight engine for interpreting cascaded finite-state transducers. Although originally intended for processing text, the experience of this evaluation demonstrates the system can easily be adapted to processing transcr...

The article discusses combining technologies to achieve performance exceeding the sum of multimedia parts The article discusses combining technologies to achieve performance exceeding the sum of multimedia parts. The Multimedia Annotation and Enhancement via a Synergy of Technologies and Reviewing Operators (MAESTRO) is a research and demonstration...

The Open Agent Architecture #OAA#, developed and used for several years at SRI International, makes it possible for software services to be provided through the cooperative e#orts of distributed collections of autonomous agents. Communication and cooperation between agents are brokered by one or more facilitators, which are responsible for matching...

Introduction Analysts face a daunting task: they must accurately analyze, categorize, and assimilate a large body of information from a variety of sources and for a variety of domains of interest. The complexity of the task necessitates a variety of information access and extraction tools which technology up to this point has not been able to provi...

When the inputs are conjunctive queries with ≠, ≤, or < as built-in predicates, the query containment problem `is Q1 contained in Q2?' is ∏2p-complete and is highly intractable. The impact of syntactic and structural conditions on this computational complexity on the query containment problem for safe conjunctive queries with disequation ≠ as a bui...

The agent-based paradigm for software systems cannot realize its full potential, and will not become widespread, until adequate agent development tools and environments are available. To address this need, an exploration of the requirements for such tools and environments has been conducted in the context of the Open Agent Architecture (OAA) projec...

We describe an approach to applying a particular kind of Natural Language Processing (NLP) system to the TREC routing task in Information Retrieval (IR). Rather than attempting to use NLP techniques in indexing documents in a corpus, we adapted an information extraction (IE) system to act as a post-filter on the output of an IR system. The IE syste...

To date, document identification based on keyword matching strategies has been the basis of most efforts to provide assistance in accessing information resources on the Internet. However, in view of the limitations on human browsing time and the evolution of more capable software agents, we can expect rapid expansion in the use of fully queryable i...

this report will describe the information brokering system that has been developed as part of this project. 2 Challenge Areas

This paper will describe the version of the FASTUS system employed in MUC-6 and highlight the innovations that distinguish it from previous versions described in the literature. SRI used the FASTUS system for each of the MUC-6 tasks: the named entity task, the templateentity task, the coreference task, and the scenario template task. Because a sing...

The Engineering of Knowledge-based Systems --- Theory and Practice is a textbook whose objective "is to serve as an introduction to the branch of AI known as knowledge-based systems." Comprising 523 pages, it provides a wide-ranging survey of the field in seventeen chapters, each including a number of examples, figures, and end-of-chapter problems....

SRI International participated in the MUC-6 evaluation using the latest version of SRI's FASTUS system [1]. The FASTUS system was originally developed for participation in the MUC-4 evaluation [3] in 1992, and the performance of FASTUS in MUC-4 helped demonstrate the viability of finite state technologies in constrained natural-language understandi...

The design and development of the Open Agent Architecture (OAA)l system has focused on providing access to agent- based applications through an intelligent, cooperative, dis- tributed, and multimodal agent-based user interfaces. The current multimodal interface supports a mix of spoken lan- guage, handwriting and gesture, and is adaptable to the us...

On behalf of the OWL-S Coalition In collaboration with Tim Finin, Grit Denker, Lalana Kagal Description of constraints and capabilities of Web services is crucial to enable flexible service discovery, interaction and management. Constraints and capabilities are at the heart of representing policies that govern the behavior of Web services. Because...