David Kachlík

Charles University in Prague | CUNI · Department of Anatomy (2. LF)

The morphology of the vascular supply of peripheral branches of cardiac nerves has not been systematically described until now. The aim of this study was to describe the architectonics of the vasa nervorum of epicardial nerves in porcine hearts by using two injection techniques. Twenty‐three hearts from young healthy pigs were used. In ten hearts I...

Introduction: The goal of this study was to investigate prevalence and morphometric parameters of pubic ligaments and the interpubic disk and its cavity using imaging methods for use in clinical medicine. Methods: Pubic symphysis morphology was investigated in 652 patients (348 women and 304 men), from which 449 CT scans and 203 MR scans were av...

Restoring shoulder abduction is one of the main priorities in the surgical treatment of brachial plexus injuries. Double nerve transfer to the axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve is widely used and considered the best option. The most common donor nerve for the suprascapular nerve is the spinal accessory nerve. However, donor nerves for axillary...

The anatomy of the biceps brachii muscle has been a subject of interest to many researchers. In particular, the presence of one or more accessory heads has been reported to be the most common variation of the biceps brachii muscle. In fact, contemporary knowledge is quite inconsistent and lacks a definitive summary. Taking this into account, the pr...

Background /Objectives: The dorsal pancreatic artery is the main artery of the body and tail of the pancreas. Its origin and branching is highly variable. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to generate pooled prevalence data on the presence and origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery. Clinically important aspects of the dorsal panc...

Every surgeon starts the training with suturing, which can be very confusing as most of the senior surgeons have their own style, approach, tricks and different rules to follow. It is hard for residents and medical students to know what is an evidence-based rule that should be followed and what is a personal trick of their teacher that can be modif...

Johannes Jessenius or Ján Jesenský (1566–1621) can be considered as a contradictory and inconsistent personality of the early modern history. Being not only a physician, but also scientist, teacher, philosopher and even historian and politician, he definitively ranks among the outstanding polymaths of his time in the region of Central Europe. His s...

BACKGROUND This report depicts a rare case of acutely developed urinary retention as well as sensory and motor disturbances caused by formation of a large hematoma within the piriformis muscle, which caused compression of nerves within the suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramina, thus imitating cauda equina syndrome. Although cases of acute lumbos...

Introduction: Thrombolysis has been suggested as a feasible method to treat arterial renal transplant thrombosis under conditions of short duration of ischemia. Data on maximal duration of ischemia that are still feasible to treat are scarce. Methods: We retrospectively analysed our experience involving three attempts to utilize thrombolysis to tr...

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor characterized by slow growth causing painless facial swelling. The tumor can behave locally aggressively, and may have direct destructive effects on the surrounding soft and hard tissues. This paper reports the unique case of a female patient with giant ameloblastoma of the mandible. Computed tomography (...

Background and Objectives: Angular projection measurements have long been an established approach in anatomical morphometry. However, many described projection angles are in reference to inherently curved structures, often oversimplifying their topologies. Measuring the curvature of a structure allows for a more accurate description of the structur...

New modern technologies are emerging as teaching tools in anatomy. There are variety of tools and modalities aiming to deliver visual interactive experience. Anatomage Table was among the tools we had adopted and experienced for 3 years by now. We had used it as a supplementary tool for teaching. Hereby we share our personal positive experience wit...

Background The scapula structures that have not yet been assigned by anatomical terms generate a challenge in clinical diagnostics and surgical application as well as in scientific observation. The aim of this study was to solve the lack in terminology concerning the scapula and the scapular region. Methods Observation and description of 29 struct...

Background: Translational research refers to scientific findings that have been extensively studied in models and find their way to clinical studies. In a certain sense in translational anatomy a similar application of conventional anatomical knowledge finds its way to clinics in the surgical theatre. With the propagation of endoscopic middle ear s...

Introduction: The anatomy of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus is highly variable, therefore the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the various origins of the long thoracic, dorsal scapular, suprascapular and subclavian nerves. Materials and methods: Major electronic databases were searched to...

Purpose The structure of the proximal margin of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle is of high interest to many researches. Its tendinous appearance, called the arcade of Frohse, may be clinically important because of its close relationship to the deep branch of the radial nerve passing beneath it and is considered to be the cause of seve...

PurposeVariations of the peripheral nervous system in the upper limb, especially of the musculocutaneous and median nerves, are common, but closer attention to the knowledge of the variant anatomy should be paid to avoid iatrogenic injury or to understand the unusual clinical signs.Methods During a routine dissection course, bilateral variations we...

Introduction: Great variability in shape and size of the bony pelvis can be observed in the current population, but there is not enough data on how long the historical period must elapse to gain changes in pelvic shape and size. The aim of the study was to identify morphological changes in bony pelvis in males and females after a developmentally s...

Introduction: The brachial plexus is a complex anatomical structure that gives rise to all the nerves of the upper limb. Its variability is frequently observed and represents a challenge for interventions in the lower neck and axilla. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive and evidence-based review with meta-analytic techniques on th...

This article is the fourth and last part of a series aimed at extending and correcting the anatomical nomenclature. Because of the rapid development of internet and the use of electronic formats in communication in anatomy, embryology, histology, medical education and clinical medicine, an appropriate, precise and concise anatomical nomenclature is...

We read the case report by Hegazy AA, Hegazy MA (2020), “Unusual case of absence of suprascapular notch and foramen” Eur J Anat, 24 (4): 269-272, addressing an unusual case of absence of suprascapular notch and foramen, with interest. However, we would like to point out that this case is rather a discrete type of suprascapular notch (SSN), and it i...

Introduction The inferior phrenic artery is a paired artery that supplies the diaphragm from its inferior aspect. It may arise as a common trunk, the common inferior phrenic artery (CIPA), or as two individual arteries, the right and left inferior phrenic arteries (RIPA and LIPA, respectively). The aim of this study was to perform a systematic revi...

Variant anatomy, which is an integral part of anatomical science, is related to abnormalities in the human body structure. Our understanding of variant anatomy is based on thousand years of anatomical experience. These abnormalities generally do not interfere with the function of the human body and do not typically manifest as pathological nosologi...

This article offers a concise overview of the history of the study of anatomy and dissection in the Czech lands, now known as the Czech Republic, from the founding of Charles University to the present day. The article traces this history in the context of the political changes that occurred over six hundred and seventy-two years, giving emphasis to...

Background: Angular projection measurements have long been an established approach in anatomical morphometry. However, many described projection angles are in reference to inherently curved structures, often oversimplifying their topologies. Measuring the curvature of a structure allows for a more accurate description of the structure’s course and...

The aim of this study was to perform a pilot histological and quantitative analysis of the blood vessels accompanying the epicardial nerves (vasa nervorum) in the porcine hearts. Twenty healthy porcine hearts were used in this study. The blood vessels were analyzed by light microscopy using four different staining techniques in transverse sections...

Background: Suprascapular nerve (SN) entrapment syndrome accounts for 1-2% of all shoulder pain. The SN travels within a space between the suprascapular notch (SSN) and the spinoglenoid notch (SGN). Purpose: To report a detailed topographical study of the suprascapular canal (SSC) and ultimately sort the different types of SN entrapment by its a...

Accessory bones in the region of the elbow are rare variants with high clinical significance as they may be confused with avulsion fractures. We investigated their prevalence and performed a statistical analysis to support their congenital origin. Their localization was mapped to show their exact site of occurrence. We evaluated anteroposterior and...

Anatomical terminology is a cornerstone of medical terminology and since 1895 there has been a norm (nomenclature), regularly revised, extended and updated. The latest official version issued by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminology was approved by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 1998 as Term...

Purpose Knowledge of rare variants of the FDP is of high clinical importance for physicians examining patients for tendon lacerations and especially for hand surgeons operating tendon injuries. Methods During routine dissection at our Department of Anatomy both cases were observed. Results Variations of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor d...

PurposeThe variability of the recurrent branch (RB) of the median nerve lends itself to an increased risk of injury when performing the minimally invasive approach for carpal tunnel release without its direct visualization. This risk is less so when it is released via the more invasive open approach as the RB can be easily identified, but the drawb...

Due to the novelty of uterus transplantation, data on preferable inflow and outflow of the graft are limited. This paper reviews the technique, type of vessels and the outcome. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted. We extracted and analyzed data on the arteries and veins utilized, types of anastomosis, types of donors, complicat...

Purpose: To identify the morphological patterns of suprascapular notch stenosis. Methods: Suprascapular notch space capacity was assessed by morphometric analysis of 333 dry scapulae. Suprascapular notch parameters—superior transverse distance, middle width, depth, medial border length and lateral border length—were measured. The probable supras...

With the exception of the olfactory and optic nerves, all cranial nerves enter or leave the brain stem. Three of the cranial nerves are purely sensory (I, II and VIII), five are motor (III, IV, VI, XI and XII) and the remaining nerves (V, VII, IX and X) are mixed. The olfactory nerve will be discussed in ► Chap. 14, the optic nerve in ► Chap. 8 and...

Purpose Fractures of the calcaneus are reported most commonly in the tarsal region. Their incidence is highest among active people in productive age. As such, optimal treatment can have vast implications for patients. The study aimed to compare calcaneal proportions of the Czech population in the last centuries to present-day, for a precise choice...

Although the variability of the upper limb arteries is a clinically important problem, the prevalence varies across the existing studies and the classification is rather complicated, uncoined, and sometimes even unclear for its simple and direct understanding and usage. Multiple case reports appearing in the last years apply incorrect, inappropriat...

Introduction Numerous variations are characteristic for hand anatomy. Although a lot of work has been done in the field, a detailed description of the branches of the radial artery is still missing. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and diameter of the accessory artery, which can be found running on the dorsal surface of the inter...

Total mesorectal excision (TME) was first described 40 years ago by Richard Heald. The purpose of this article is to point out importance of this surgical procedure. Starting from first attempts to surgically cure rectal carcinoma in the 19th century through Miles' operation at the beginning of the 20th century results were not satisfactory due to...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in main anthropometric parameters such as height, body mass, and body circumferences (chest, upper arm) in different age groups from childhood to adulthood in healthy females in Latvia and to determine the active growing age periods and the impact of tobacco use on anthropometric parameters....

Due to varying descriptions and terminology of fascias of the neck, medical advice relying on this basic knowledge is insufficient. Our goal was to provide a precise anatomical description of cervical fascias and spaces with special focus on the intercarotid fascia, or the alar fascia. One hundred bodies donated to science embalmed with Thiel's met...

Introduction In recent years multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) has been used to investigate vascular anatomy for scientific and diagnostic purposes. These studies allow for much larger sample sizes than traditional cadaveric studies. The aim of this research was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on studies investigating the v...

Introduction: The vermian fossa (VF1) is a small midline depression at the inferior end of the internal occipital crest (IOC2) near the foramen magnum. This study aims to accurately define the usual arrangement ("the norm") of the inferior end of the internal occipital crest, to determine the prevalence and dimensions of the VF in Central European...

Vaclav Trnka from Křovice (1739-1791, in Latin: Wenzel Trnka Krzowitz) was a remarkable physician whose life serves as an example in the history of medicine by connecting major capital cities of Central Europe. In view of current geographical layout, he was born and brought up in the Czech Republic, graduated from University of Vienna in Austria, a...

An official and internationally accepted cytological nomenclature has been absent until now. The first internationally accepted nomenclature Terminologia Histologica - International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology, published more than 10 years ago was authored by an ensemble of experts who worked under the auspices of the Federative Internat...

Purpose Knowledge of accessory flexor carpi ulnaris (AFCU) is not only important for proper orientation in the surgical field but it can be used for tendon transfer as well. AFCU commonly occurs with concomitant variants, and its presence should rise caution in order to prevent iatrogenic injury. Methods During a routine dissection for research da...

Background: At first sight, the issue of terminology in morphological sciences may seem as "closed and changeless chapter", as many of the structures within the human body have been known for centuries. However, the exact opposite is true. Terminologia Histologica: International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology published under the Federative...

A fresh start of higher medical education in Slovakia and Hungary is closely related to Trnava (Nagyszombat). The University of Trnava had originally been established in 1635 but the Faculty of Medicine was added only later, in 1769, when the name of the university was also changed to Royal Hungarian University of Sciences. A fresh graduate, Václav...

Terminology in morphological and zoological sciences is enormously important. Proper denomination of individual structures of the animal / human body from the microscopic point of view has an irreplaceable role in unambiguous understanding and communication among scientists regardless of their field of expertise. The year 2008 can be considered a c...

In: Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the International Federation of Anatomists (IFAA); 2019 Aug 9-11. London, UK. Journal of Anatomy. 2020, 236(1):295-296. ISSN: 0021-8782.

We read Grigoriă et al.’s case report “Unusual anatomical variation: tetrafurcation of the celiac trunk”. They report a coeliac trunk giving rise to a common inferior phrenic artery and an accessory left gastric artery before bifurcating into a common hepatic artery and a splenogastric trunk. The terminology they use causes confusion, as they do no...

The vermian fossa (VF) is a small midline depression at the inferior end of the internal occipital crest (IOC) near the foramen magnum. The aim of this study is to properly define the usual arrangement ("the norm") of the inferior end of the internal occipital crest, to determine the prevalence and dimensions of VF in Central European population, a...

Introduction: Many widely used international histological textbooks claim that the epithelium of the human uterine tube consists of two, three, and, eventually, four types of cells. Most discrepancies among these textbooks relate to debates regarding the presence or absence of basal cells, whether the peg/intercalary cells and secretory cells are...

Latin anatomical terminology of venous perforators (communications between superficial and deep venous systems of the lower limb) was adopted as late as 2001 as an appendix to the official nomenclature following the clinicians’ request. Terminologia Anatomica, last version of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, published in 1998, unfortunately conta...

Introduction Blood vessels passing through pelvic region come into intimate contact with pelvic bone and can be injured by the sharp edges of the dislocated fracture fragments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of localization, shape and dislocation of individual pelvic ring bones’ fractures on arterial injuries. Materials and Met...

The aim of the study was to investigate the existence of valves in small peripheral coronary veins of porcine hearts. The study was performed on 20 porcine hearts using standard histological methods. The veins in the subepicardial and intramyocardial regions of the anterior and posterior parts of the interventricular septum and in the wall of the r...

Introduction: The vasa vasorum interna were described during the last decade as a special kind of vessels originating directly from the lumen of the paternal artery and participating in the nourishment of its wall, especially of the aorta and coronary arteries. At the same time, their existence was repeatedly denied/negated by many other authors. A...

Thymic myoid cells form a part of the cellular microenvironment of the thymic medulla in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. In lower vertebrates they resemble skeletal muscle fibers at the level of light and electron microscopy, in humans they are less noticable even though they contain proteins typically found in the...

In recent years, the interstitial cells telocytes, formerly known as interstitial Cajal-like cells, have been described in almost all organs of the human body. Although telocytes were previously thought to be localized predominantly in the organs of the digestive system, as of 2018 they have also been described in the lymphoid tissue, skin, respira...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Transposition of tibialis posterior muscle ranks among the methods of dorsiflexion restoration in patients with peroneal nerve palsy. Even though this method is commonly used, anatomical variations are still encountered which make us modify the established procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional outc...

Background The combination of a gastric duplication cyst and duplicated part of the pancreas is an extremely rare developmental defect. The incidence in the population, or the clinical impact thereof, has not been uncovered. Symptoms are unspecific. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Timely diagnostics are of utmost importance, albeit they might b...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the origin of the Latin anatomical term vasa vasorum and its role in current medical research and to present examples of grammatical errors in its use. Methods: Literary searches oriented on the term vasa vasorum were used to identify publications using it in the medical literature from the seventeen...

Ear, Development: The auricle or pinna (TNA Latin: Auricula) arises from a series of elevations (the auricular hillocks; TE2 Latin: Colliculi auriculares) around the first pharyngeal groove or cleft (TE2 Latin: Sulcus pharyngeus primus). They begin to appear in the pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 (TE2 Latin: Arcus pharyngeus primus and Arcus pharyngeus s...

Sac, Endolymphatic: The endolymphatic sac (TNA Latin: Saccus endolymphaticus) is a dilated terminal part of the endolymphatic duct located within the dura mater on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone.