David Johnson

David Johnson
University of Edinburgh | UoE · School of GeoSciences

About

37
Publications
16,173
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1,615
Citations

Publications

Publications (37)
Article
Full-text available
Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. We highlight priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic appr...
Article
Full-text available
Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. We highlight priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic appr...
Article
Full-text available
The United States, the EU and Canada established a trilateral working group on the ecosystem approach to ocean health and stressors under the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. Recognizing the Atlantic Ocean as a shared resource and responsibility, the working group sought to advance understanding of the Atlantic Ocean and its dynamic systems to imp...
Article
Full-text available
Designing conservation networks requires a well-structured framework for achieving essential objectives such as connectivity, replication or viability, and for considering local management and socioeconomic stakes. Although systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches are increasingly used to inform such networks, their application remains cha...
Article
The process of selecting and describing areas that meet the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) criteria on Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSA) in the North Atlantic Ocean is described, as well as reviewing its results so far. Three regional EBSA workshops (one in the northwest Atlantic, two in the northeast Atlantic...
Article
Full-text available
Divulgative paper published in Journal Eco Magazine, Deep Sea Issue
Article
Full-text available
The deep sea is the largest biome on Earth but the least explored. Our knowledge of it comes from scattered sources spanning different spatial and temporal scales. Implementation of marine policies like the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and support for Blue Growth in the deep sea are therefore hindered by lack of data....
Article
Full-text available
The deep sea plays a critical role in global climate regulation through uptake and storage of heat and carbon dioxide. However, this regulating service causes warming, acidification and deoxygenation of deep waters, leading to decreased food availability at the seafloor. These changes and their projections are likely to affect productivity, biodive...
Article
Full-text available
Healthy marine ecosystems provide a wide range of resources and services that support life on Earth and contribute to human wellbeing. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are accepted as an important tool for the restoration and maintenance of marine ecosystem structure, function, health and ecosystem integrity through the conservation of significant spe...
Article
Addressing the challenge of protecting biodiversity in the global ocean requires a sound knowledge and understanding of the complex marine environment. Since 2008 the Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative (GOBI) has been established as a voluntary dedicated group of marine institutions and scientists working to support conservation and protection of...
Article
Full-text available
Mineral exploitation has spread from land to shallow coastal waters and is now planned for the offshore, deep seabed. Large seafloor areas are being approved for exploration for seafloor mineral deposits, creating an urgent need for regional environmental management plans. Networks of areas where mining and mining impacts are prohibited are key ele...
Research
This brief proposes some avenues for the inclusion of marine spatial planning (MSP) in a new international legally binding agreement for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), including general provisions, institutional implications, and possible models for an international MSP proc...
Article
Ocean governance frameworks are aimed at achieving sustainable use of the marine environment and its finite resources. They are increasingly being developed and implemented worldwide. Although the importance of evaluating the success of integrated ocean management initiatives is widely recognized, so is its complexity, and there is still limited kn...
Article
Full-text available
In the North Atlantic, Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs), including Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and areas describing the inherent value of marine biodiversity, have been created in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). This deep-sea area (> 200 m) supports vitally important ecosystem services. Dealing with the multiple and increasing press...
Article
Full-text available
This article explores the concept of "other effective area-based conservation measures" (OECMs) in the context of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 on marine protected areas and OECMs and its linkages to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It argues that mainstreaming biodiversity through CBD Aichi B...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Evaluating the success of marine spatial planning (MSP) remains a challenging task. Portugal, one of the world’s largest maritime nations, with its recent ocean governance framework, is an ideal case study for the development of an evaluation mechanism for MSP. This paper presents a brief characterization of Portugal’s maritime area and of its lega...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
O quadro legal para o ordenamento e gestão do Mar Português, um dos maiores da União Europeia (UE) e do mundo, inclui a Estratégia Nacional para o Mar 2013-2020 (baseada no “Crescimento Azul” da UE), a Lei de Bases da Política de Ordenamento e Gestão do Espaço Marítimo Nacional (LBOGEM) e o Decreto-Lei que desenvolve aspectos da LBOGEM e que transp...
Article
In 2012 the International Seabed Authority approved an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone CCZ in the Eastern Central Pacific. The EMP is a proactive spatial management strategy that anticipates mining of polymetallic nodules and that includes the designation of Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (AP...
Article
Full-text available
United Nations discussions on the governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction have questioned, but not yet reached a decision, on whether existing institutional agreements and structures are sufficient to meet global commitments to protect marine biodiversity, or if additional mechanisms may be required. This paper considers two very di...
Article
Creating representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) as part of an ecosystem‐based management approach is generally advocated to protect the full spectrum of marine ecosystems and vulnerable species. Core objectives for designing MPA networks incorporate issues of scale, size and spacing. Ascertaining when such objectives have been met...
Article
Full-text available
In 2013, the European Commission proposed a Directive to spur the integration of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) within and across Member States. To ascertain if key elements for integration exist, fundamental questions should be addressed: Are there (compatible) national policies/plans for the coast and ocea...
Article
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)'s commitment to describe marine Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) through the organisation of a series of regional workshops has resulted in the collation and synthesis of relevant physical and biological datasets. Groups of typically 30-50 experts have pooled knowledge, with the sup...
Technical Report
The report collates information on ecosystem-based indicators and indices currently being measured by regional entities and seeks to identify common elements. From this analysis the report postulates whether a limited generic set of indicators can be derived. A series of case studies are used to exemplify the diversity of ways indicators have been...
Article
Marine protected areas are key tools for conservation, but they have some serious shortcomings. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has called for these areas to cover 10% of each of the world's marine and coastal eco-regions by the end of 2020. Even this modest target is proving elusive. So far, less than 2% of the ocean has been designat...
Article
Cruise tourism continues to be a major international growth area. In terms of achieving sustainable tourism it is, therefore, a sub-sector within which socio-economic, cultural and environmental considerations need to be continually analysed, addressed and monitored. The environmental impacts of cruise tourism are categorised in this paper and pote...

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