
David John BishopVictoria University | VU · Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)
David John Bishop
PhD (University of Queensland)
About
443
Publications
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Introduction
My group studies the Biology of Exercise, which includes molecular mechanisms responsible for adaptations to exercise and the resulting biological changes to exercise training. Our main focus is skeletal muscle, with an emphasis on mitochondrial biogenesis. We use techniques such as RNAseq, gene sequencing, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, cell culture, electron microscopy, oxygraphs, to make discoveries about the biology of exercise. I also do applied research on human performance.
Additional affiliations
March 2010 - July 2020
Publications
Publications (443)
Background
The growing interest in how exercise and carbohydrate (CHO) restriction may modify molecular responses that promote endurance adaptations has led to many interesting controversies.
Objective
We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis regarding the effect of low-carbohydrate availability (LOW) pre-, during, or post-exercise, on...
Saner, NJ, Kuang, J, Cheng, I-T, Drain, JR, and Bishop, DJ. One size does not fit all: Cardiorespiratory fitness adaptations to basic military training are attenuated in female recruits and recruits with high baseline fitness. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1724–1731, 2024— A focus of basic military training (BMT) is to improve the physical fitness of...
Mitochondria are essential, membrane-enclosed organelles that consist of ∼1100 different proteins, which allow for many diverse functions critical to maintaining metabolism. Highly metabolic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, have a high mitochondrial content that increases with exercise training. The classic western blot technique has revealed trai...
Aim
To investigate how delayed post‐exercise carbohydrate intake affects muscle glycogen, metabolic‐ and mitochondrial‐related molecular responses, and subsequent high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) capacity.
Methods
In a double‐blind cross‐over design, nine recreationally active men performed HIIE (10 × 2‐min cycling, ~94% W˙ peak ) in the fe...
Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our adapted mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we provide insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial differences in the human skeletal musc...
Exercise is a powerful non‐pharmacological intervention for the treatment and prevention of numerous chronic diseases. Contracting skeletal muscles provoke widespread perturbations in numerous cells, tissues and organs, which stimulate multiple integrated adaptations that ultimately contribute to the many health benefits associated with regular exe...
Aerobic and resistance exercise (RE) induce distinct molecular responses. One hypothesis is that these responses are antagonistic and unfavorable for the anabolic response to RE when concurrent exercise is performed. This thesis may also depend on the participants' training status and concurrent exercise order. We measured free‐living myofibrillar...
Mood state and alertness are negatively affected by sleep loss, and can be positively influenced by exercise. However, the potential mitigating effects of exercise on sleep-loss-induced changes in mood state and alertness have not been studied comprehensively. Twenty-four healthy young males were matched into one of three, 5-night sleep interventio...
Introduction: Regular aerobic exercise is associated with improved cognitive function, implicating it as a strategy to reduce dementia risk. This is reinforced by the association between greater cardiorespiratory fitness and larger brain volume, superior cognitive performance and lower dementia risk. However, the optimal aerobic exercise dose, name...
Background
One of the proposed mechanisms underlying the benefits of sports compression garments may be alterations in peripheral blood flow.Objective
We aimed to determine if sports compression garments alter measures of peripheral blood flow at rest, as well as during, immediately after and in recovery from a physiological challenge (i.e. exercis...
Exercise training can increase both mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiration. Despite its popularity, high-intensity exercise can be accompanied by mild acidosis (also present in certain pathological states), which may limit exercise-induced adaptations to skeletal muscle mitochondria. The aim of this study was to determine if administra...
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of compression tights on blood flow following exercise and to assess if the placebo effect is responsible for any acute performance or psychological benefits. Twenty-two resistance-trained participants completed a lower-body resistance exercise session followed by a 4 h recovery per...
Background
Inadequate sleep is associated with many detrimental health effects, including increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These effects have been associated with changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome, although this has not been characterised in response to a period of sleep restriction. Exercise induces a...
Background
The 5ʹ adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that is activated by increases in the cellular AMP/adenosine diphosphate:adenosine triphosphate (ADP:ATP) ratios and plays a key role in metabolic adaptations to endurance training. The degree of AMPK activation during exercise can be influen...
Autophagy is a key intracellular mechanism by which cells degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. In skeletal muscle, evidence suggests that exercise increases autophagosome content and autophagy flux. However, the exercise-induced response seems to differ between rodents and humans, and little is known about how different exercise pr...
Background
Exercise elicits a range of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle, which include changes in mRNA expression. To better understand the health benefits of exercise training, it is important to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. However, most studies have assessed the molecular events...
Aim
Assessments of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content are common in skeletal muscle research and exercise science. However, many sources of technical and biological variation render these analyses susceptible to error. This study aimed to better quantify the reliability of the experimental design and/or techniques employed, therefo...
Mitochondrial defects are implicated in multiple diseases and aging. Exercise training is an accessible, inexpensive therapeutic intervention that can improve mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality of life. By combining multiple omics techniques with biochemical and in silico normalisation, we removed the bias arising from the training-induced inc...
Abstract Background Low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) is highly associated with chronic disease and mortality from all causes. Whilst exercise training is recommended in health guidelines to improve V̇O2peak, there is considerable inter-individual variability in the V̇O2peak response to the same dose of exercise. Understanding how genetic fa...
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions prescribed on the basis of a maximal value (peak power output, PPO) and a submaximal value (lactate threshold, LT) derived from graded exercise tests (GXTs) in normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: A total of ten men (aged 18–37) volunteered to participate in...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial content and respiratory function and whole-body insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Male Wistar rats were given either a chow diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. After four weeks of the dietary intervention, half of the rats in each group began eight weeks of in...
Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society:
1. Sup...
Objective
We examined whether mild heat exposure alters performance, perceptual responses and neural drive to the quadriceps during two sets of repeated sprints matched for initial mechanical output.
Design
Repeated measures.
Methods
Twelve males performed 10 × 6-s sprints (recovery = 30 s), followed 6 min later by 5 × 6-s sprints (recovery = 30...
PurposeTo investigate within the one study potential molecular and cellular changes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis following 15 days of exposure to moderate hypoxia.Methods
Eight males underwent a muscle biopsy before and after 15 days of hypoxia exposure (FiO2 = 0.140–0.154; ~ 2500–3200 m) in a hypoxic hotel. Mitochondrial respiration, c...
Background
The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood flow. However, findings are equivocal, possibly due to heterogeneity in techniques used for measuring blood flow, garment types used, and pressures applied. This study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy tec...
Autophagy is a key intracellular mechanism by which cells degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. In skeletal muscle, evidence suggests that exercise increases autophagosome content and autophagy flux. However, the exercise-induced response seems to differ between rodents and humans, and little is known about how different exercise pr...
The microvasculature is important for both health and exercise tolerance in a range of populations. However, methodological limitations have meant changes in microvascular blood flow are rarely assessed in humans during interventions designed to affect skeletal muscle blood flow such as the wearing of compression garments. The aim of this study is,...
Aim:
Exercise is able to increase both muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, acidosis, which can occur in pathological states as well as during high-intensity exercise, can decrease mitochondrial function, whilst its impact on muscle protein synthesis is disputed. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of...
Background: The assessment of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content are two common measurements in the fields of skeletal muscle research and exercise science. However, to verify the validity of the observed changes in both mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content following an intervention such as exercise training, it is i...
Defects in mitochondria have been implicated in multiple diseases and aging; therefore, interventions able to counteract these changes can improve quality of life. Exercise training is a readily accessible and inexpensive therapeutic intervention; however, the complexity of training-induced mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle remains poorl...
Background: Cold-water immersion (CWI) is one of the main recovery methods used in sports, and is commonly utilized as a means to expedite the recovery of performance during periods of exercise training. In recent decades, there have been indications that regular CWI use is potentially harmful to resistance training adaptations, and, conversely, po...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuromuscular response to an agility and repeated sprint ability (RSA) test according to the level of competition in futsal players. A total of 33 players from two elite teams and one amateur team participated in the study. The participants completed an agility t-test, a 30 m-speed test, and a RSA test. A c...
While research suggests that somatosensation contributes to elite athletic performance, little is known regarding the capacity of ergogenic aids (e.g., compression) to enhance somatosensation. This study assessed the effects of compression socks on functional ankle somatosensory ability, and whether any effects depended on baseline somatosensation...
Objective: Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Given that exercise improves glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, w...
Prescribing the frequency, duration, or volume of training is simple as these factors can be altered by manipulating the number of exercise sessions per week, the duration of each session, or the total work performed in a given time frame (e.g., per week). However, prescribing exercise intensity is complex and controversy exists regarding the relia...
Aim
Exercise elicits a range of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle that include changes in mRNA expression. To better understand the health benefits of exercise training, it is essential to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise. However, most studies have assessed the molecular events at a few...
PurposeThe Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) is important in regulating trans-membrane ion gradients, cellular excitability and muscle function. We investigated the effects of resistance training in healthy young adults on the adaptability of NKA content and of the specific α and β isoforms in human skeletal muscle.Methods
Twenty-one healthy young males (22.9 ±...
Key points
Paternal obesity negatively influences metabolic outcomes in adult rat offspring.
Maternal voluntary physical activity has previously been reported to improve glucose metabolism in adult rat offspring sired by healthy fathers.
Here, we investigated whether a structured programme of maternal exercise training before and during gestation c...
Aims/hypothesis
To investigate if there is a causal relationship between changes in insulin resistance and mitochondrial respiratory function and content in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) with or without concurrent exercise training. We hypothesised that provision of a high fat diet (HFD) would increase insulin resistance and decrease mitochondrial...
Background: The effects of sodium bicarbonate on muscular strength and muscular endurance are commonly acknowledged as unclear due to the contrasting evidence on the topic.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring the acute effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscular strength and endurance.
Meth...
Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Given that exercise improves glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investiga...
Background
The importance of concurrent exercise order for improving endurance and resistance adaptations remains unclear, particularly when sessions are performed a few hours apart. We investigated the effects of concurrent training (in alternate orders, separated by ~3 hours) on endurance and resistance training adaptations, compared to resistanc...
Since this is an editorial, no abstract is available.
Purpose:
High cardiorespiratory capacity is a key determinant of human performance and life expectancy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate biochemical signatures of endurance-performance athletes using high-resolution nontargeted metabolomics.
Methods:
Elite long-dist...
Background: It has been suggested that polymorphisms within CYP1A2 impact inter-individual variation in the response to caffeine. The purpose of this study was to explore the acute effects of caffeine on resistance exercise, jumping, and sprinting performance in a sample of resistance-trained men, and to examine the influence of genetic variation o...
Purpose: To explore the effects of three doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance.
Methods: Twenty-eight resistance-trained men completed the testing sessions under five conditions: no-placebo control, placebo-control, and with caffeine doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg.kg−1. Muscle strength was assessed using the one-repetition maximum (1RM...
PurposeWe investigated the consequence of varying hypoxia severity during an initial set of repeated cycling sprints on performance, neuromuscular fatigability, and exercise-related sensations during a subsequent set of repeated sprints in normoxia.Methods
Nine active males performed ten 4-s sprints (recovery = 30 s) at sea level (SL; FiO2 ~ 0.21),...
Pattison, KJ, Drinkwater, EJ, Bishop, DJ, Stepto, NK, and Fyfe, JJ. Modulation of countermovement jump-derived markers of neuromuscular function with concurrent vs. single-mode resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study assessed changes in countermovement jump (CMJ)-derived markers of neuromuscular function with concur...
Key points
Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models.
The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoP...
Caffeine's ergogenic effects on exercise performance are generally explained by its ability to bind to adenosine receptors. ADORA2A is the gene that encodes A2A subtypes of adenosine receptors. It has been suggested that ADORA2A gene polymorphisms may be responsible for the inter-individual variations in the effects of caffeine on exercise performa...
The molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise traini...
Mitochondrial respiration using the oxygraph‐2k respirometer (Oroboros) is widely used to estimate mitochondrial capacity in human skeletal muscle. Here, we measured mitochondrial respiration variability, in a relatively large sample, and for the first time, using statistical simulations, we provide the sample size required to detect meaningful res...
Endurance training leads to a variety of adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels that serve to minimise disruptions in whole-body homeostasis caused by exercise. These adaptations are differentially affected by training volume, training intensity, and training status, as well as by nutritional choices that can enhance or impair the response...
Exercise-induced increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and p53 protein content in the nucleus mediate the initial phase of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we investigated if exercise-induced increases in these and other markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were altered after 40 sessions of...
Endurance exercise begun with reduced muscle glycogen stores seems to potentiate skeletal muscle protein abundance and gene expression. However, it is unknown whether this greater signaling responses is due to performing two exercise sessions in close proximity—as a first exercise session is necessary to reduce the muscle glycogen stores. In the pr...
The molecular mechanisms underlying the response to exercise and inactivity are not fully understood. We propose an innovative approach to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise and inactivity using 66 published datasets. Data collected from human studies of aerobic and resistance exercise, including acute and chronic exercise traini...
Exercise-induced increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and p53 protein content in the nucleus mediate the initial phase of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we investigated if exercise-induced increases in these and other markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were altered after 40 sessions of...
We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint
interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg.kg-1 of cellulose (PLA, n = 10) or 5
mg.kg-1 of caffeine (CAF, n = 10) 60 min before each SIT session (13 × 30-s
sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and...
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sports compression tights in reducing muscle movement and activation during running.
METHODS A total of 27 recreationally-active males were recruited across two separate studies. For study one, 13 participants (mean ± SD; 84.1 ± 9.4 kg, 22 ± 3 y) completed two 4-min treadmil...