David W. Gerbing

David W. Gerbing
Portland State University | PSU · The School of Business

PhD

About

50
Publications
17,311
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73,578
Citations

Publications

Publications (50)
Article
Full-text available
The histogram remains a widely used tool for visualization of the distribution of a continuous variable, despite the disruption of binning the underlying continuity into somewhat arbitrarily sized discrete intervals imposed by the simplicity of its pre-computer origins. Alternatives include three visualizations, namely a smoothed density distributi...
Article
R and Python are commonly used software languages for data analytics. Using these languages as the course software for the introductory course gives students practical skills for applying statistical concepts to data analysis. However, the reliance upon the command line is perceived by the typical nontechnical introductory student as sufficiently e...
Article
As part of the development of a comprehensive strategy for structural equation model building and assessment, a Monte Carlo study evaluated the effectiveness of different exploratory factor analysis extraction and rotation methods for correctly identifying the known population multiple‐indicator measurement model. The exploratory methods fared well...
Article
This study analyzes the relationship between management participation in strategy formation and organizational planning benefits with the construction and subsequent empirical validation of a large-scale structural equation model with 57 items. This model simultaneously considered first-order and second-order measurement models as well as the struc...
Article
As part of developing a comprehensive strategy for structural equation model building and assessment, a large‐scale Monte Carlo study of 7,200 covariance matrices sampled from 36 population models was conducted. This study compared maximum likelihood with the much simpler centroid method for the confirmatory factor analysis of multiple‐indicator me...
Article
This article reviews proposed goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models and the Monte Carlo studies that have empirically assessed their distributional properties. The cumulative contributions of the studies are summarized, and the variables under which the indices are studied are noted. A primary finding is that many of the indices us...
Article
Fornell and Yi (1992 [this issue]) have discussed four assumptions that they contend underlie two-step approaches to structural equation modeling. Each of these assumptions is demonstrated to not be an assumption of the two-step approach recommended by Anderson and Gerbing (1988). In doing so, an attempt is made to provide some clarification and gu...
Article
Full-text available
A pretest methodology for predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis is presented. A pretest item-sort task draws on the concept of substantive validity, and 2 indices of substantive validity in a theory-testing context are proposed: the proportion of substantive agreement, p sa, and the substantive-validity coefficien...
Article
A pretest methodology for predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis is presented. A pretest item-sort task draws on the concept of substantive validity, and two indices of substantive validity in a theory-testing context are proposed: the proportion of substantive agreement, Psa, and the substantive-validity coefficie...
Article
This article examines the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory (16PF; Cattell, Eber, & Tatsuoka, 1970) in terms of recent methodological and substantive developments: restricted (confirmatory) factor analysis and the five-factor model of personality as operationalized by the NEO-PI (NEO Personality Inventory). A multiple-indicator measurement model...
Article
From 340 MMPIs of male forensic state hospital patients, seven disjoint clusters were obtained by an innovative cluster strategy that combined Ward's hierarchical clustering with a partitioning method. The cluster groups differed on racial composition and DSM-III Axis II diagnoses. The lack of differences among the cluster groups on other clinicall...
Article
Full-text available
Disagrees with M. Karlins's (1989) comment on the difficulties encountered by psychology PhDs in obtaining employment in business schools, based on the autobiographical experience of moving from a tenured position in psychology to a management department. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Article
Disagrees with M. Karlins's (1989) comment on the difficulties encountered by psychology PhDs in obtaining employment in business schools, based on the autobiographical experience of moving from a tenured position in psychology to a management department. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Article
In this article, we provide guidance for substantive researchers on the use of structural equation modeling in practice for theory testing and development. We present a comprehensive, two-step modeling approach that employs a series of nested models and sequential chi-square difference tests. We discuss the comparative advantages of this approach o...
Article
The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations and exploratory factor analysis are used to provide preliminary scales. The unidimensionality of each scale then is assessed simultaneously with confirmato...
Article
Full-text available
In this article, we provide guidance for substantive researchers on the use of structural equation modeling in practice for theory testing and development. We present a comprehensive, two-step modeling approach that employs a series of nested models and sequential chi-square difference tests. We discuss the comparative advantages of this approach o...
Article
The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations and exploratory factor analysis are used to provide preliminary scales. The unidimensionality of each scale then is assessed simultaneously with confirmato...
Article
In this article, we provide guidance for substantive researchers on the use of structural equation modeling in practice for theory testing and development. We present a comprehensive, two-step modeling approach that employs a series of nested models and sequential chi-square difference tests. We discuss the comparative advantages of this approach o...
Article
Kumar and Dillon recently presented a conceptual, overall consistency criterion that represents a sufficient condition for consistency. In commenting on their article, the authors (1) clarify the interrelated nature of internal consistency and external consistency, (2) show that the "bogus perfect fit" example is itself "bogus" in that it cannot oc...
Article
Kumar and Dillon recently presented a conceptual, overall consistency criterion that represents a sufficient condition for consistency. In commenting on their article, the authors (1) clarify the interrelated nature of internal consistency and external consistency, (2) show that the “bogus perfect fit” example is itself “bogus” in that it cannot oc...
Article
The components underlying items from a comprehensive but diverse domain of impulsivity measures were investigated. The disparity of items within this domain attests to the lack of a coherent framework from which to conceptualize impulsivity. The self-report measures included in this study were the 16PF Impulsivity scale, the GZTS Restraint, Thought...
Article
A Monte Carlo approach was employed to investigate the interpretability of improper solutions caused by sampling error in maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Four models were studied with two sample sizes. Of the overall goodness-of-fit indices provided by the LISREL VI program significant differences between improper and proper soluti...
Article
Monte Carlo methods were used to systematically study the effects of sampling error and model characteristics upon parameter estimates and their associated standard errors in maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Sample sizes were varied from 50 to 300 for models defined by different numbers of indicators per factor, numbers of factors,...
Article
A Monte Carlo study assessed the effect of sampling error and model characteristics on the occurrence of nonconvergent solutions, improper solutions and the distribution of goodness-of-fit indices in maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Nonconvergent and improper solutions occurred more frequently for smaller sample sizes and for models...
Article
The meaning of correlated measurement errors is discussed within a hierarchical framework of error terms provided by true score, first-order factor, and second-order factor models: random error, indicator specific error, and group specific error, respectively. Group specific error can be represented either as extraneous first-order factors or as un...
Article
Full-text available
R. Christie and F. C. Geiss (1970) implicitly assume that the component beliefs of Machiavelli's philosophy are linked to other personality traits only as mediated by a central dimension of Machiavellianism. This assertion was cast in the form of a causal model and shown to be false among 351 undergraduates. Ss completed a test battery that include...
Article
The development of methods of analysis for linear structural equation models with latent variables has pro- vided researchers considerable means to construct, test, and modify theories. However, the initial analysis al- most invariably indicates the need for a revised model, either in the measurement of the latent variables or in the causal relatio...
Article
Lack of unidimensionality in structural equation models most often represents misspecification. The authors review the necessary conditions for unidimensional measurement of constructs. Two methods which assist the researcher in measurement model respecification, multiple-groups analysis and similarity coefficients, are presented and an example ill...
Article
A potential source of confusion in the interpretation of a LISREL-IV analysis is the metric of the latent variables. This paper demonstrates that fixing the pattern coefficient of one of the indicators of each latent variable to 1.0 results in an arbitrary and meaningless metric which is usually different for each latent variable. Since many of the...
Article
The general objective of this study was to explore the utility of understanding the individual's phenomenology of the experimental situation. The particular context was the balance theoretic paradigm of supplying a missing affective relation in a social triad. Subjects attributed few of their responses directly to affective consistency as stipulate...
Article
This paper presents a causal analysis of "white flight" from Pontiac, Michigan. The purpose of the research was to establish the relative importance of forced busing in relation to other variables, such as the perception of the quality of urban life. Discriminant analysis and path analysis were used in the treatment of data.

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