David Garon

University of Caen Normandy | UNICAEN

Chronic colonization by filamentous fungi in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is linked to declines in lung function and quality of life. To better assess indoor mold exposure, 23 French dwellings of pwCF from CF care centers in Normandy and Maine & Loire, France were visited. Bioaerosols collected using Coriolis ® µ and Coriolis ® compact bioc...

Contexte et problématique : La collaboration interprofessionnelle entre médecins généralistes et pharmaciens d’officine est une pratique quotidienne pour ces deux professions. Or, peu d’enseignements existent afin de favoriser la communication entre ces professionnels. Objectifs : Rapporter les résultats d’une évaluation préliminaire d’un dispositi...

Uncultured microorganisms represent a promising and untapped source of antibacterial compounds, crucial in the fight against the significant threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, both traditional and isolation chip (iChip) cultivation techniques were employed to enhance the recovery of known and unknown microorganisms from soils...

Aspergillus series Versicolores are molds distributed among 17 species, commonly found in our environment, and responsible for infections. Since 2022, a new taxonomy has grouped them into 4 major lineages: A. versicolor, A. subversicolor, A. sydowii, and A. creber. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-...

Bisphenol A (BPA) and zearalenone (ZEA) are two widespread xenoestrogens involved in male reproductive disorders. Few studies investigated the effects of these compounds on the prepubertal testis, which is highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors such as xenoestrogens. An ex vivo approach was performed to evaluate the effects of BPA or ZEA (10-11,...

Citation: Vergoz, D.; Nilly, F.; Desriac, F.; Barreau, M.; Géry, A.; Lepetit, C.; Sichel, F.; Jeannot, K.; Giard, J.-C.; Garon, D.; et al. 6-Polyaminosteroid Squalamine Analogues Display Antibacterial Activity against Resistant Pathogens. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8568. https://doi. Abstract: A series of 6-polyaminosteroid analogues of squalamine...

The Aspergilli of the series Versicolores include several airborne species to which we are exposed daily. Most of them synthesise sterigmatocystin, a mycotoxin precursor of aflatoxins recognised as potentially carcinogenic for humans (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Our objective was to study the potential role of thes...

Soil contamination is becoming a major concern due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization. The urgency to clean contaminated sites using biological methods becomes important. This paper presents for the first time the bioaugmentation effect of the fungal strain Absidia cylindrospora on a co-contaminated industrial soil. The tests were carr...

Standard Reference Material® (SRM®) 2585 can be considered as a model sample of settled indoor dust. At least 168 adsorbed chemicals were identified and quantified, generating a complex and potentially toxic mixture. Inhalable fractions PM10 and PM2.5 were isolated and compared to SRM® 2585 for their intrinsic properties and their respiratory toxic...

Aspergilli series Versicolores have been shown to be explanatory variables for different symptoms like coughing and dizziness experienced by residents of mold-damaged homes. Among these species, eight are particularly recurrent in bioaerosols: Aspergillus amoenus, A. creber, A. fructus, A. jensenii, A. protuberus, A. puulaauensis, A. sydowii and A....

The moulds of the genus Aspergillus section Nidulantes series Versicolores are ubiquitous and particularly recurrent in indoor air. They are considered present in 70% of the bioaerosols to which we are exposed most of our time spent indoors. With the taxonomic revision proposed in 2012 and the discovery of four new species, the series Versicolores...

Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is one of the prevalent mycotoxins in food and feeds, exerts adverse effects on animal and human health. These effects are mainly associated with its ribotoxic properties, although few studies suggest the involvement of other mechanisms of action. To assess the ability of DON to disrupt estrogen signaling, we conducted a...

It is essential to have an accurate picture of the spatial distribution of equines to be able to monitor equine health events effectively. In France, this information is only available for certain categories of live equines kept in professional structures and for dead equines removed by renderers. This limits the surveillance, prevention and contro...

The Aspergilli of the section Nidulantes series Versicolores are among the most recurrent molds in indoor environments. These species cause damage to the quality of air. Indeed, they are responsible for allergies, aggravation of asthma and can even cause infections in immunocompromised patients. Molds belonging to the Versicolores series also prod...

Molds are ubiquitous biological pollutants in bioaerosols. Among these molds, the genus Aspergillus is found in the majority of indoor air samples, and includes several species with patho-genic and toxigenic properties. Aspergillus species in the series Versicolores remain little known despite recurrence in bioaerosols. In order to investigate thei...

Background COVID-19 has negatively impacted the mental health of frontline health care workers, including pharmacists. Objective(s) The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in French owner community pharmacists. Methods We carried out a postal-based survey to assess the psychological diffi...

Fungi could be considered as an effective tool for treating metal pollution in soils because of their metal tolerance and biosorption capacity. While most of biosorption studies intended for bioremediation trials are carried out in liquid medium, this study presents the development of a new type of soil microcosm, designed to evaluate the fungal bi...

Identifying and tracking equines are key activities in equine health prevention. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database that records information on equines, owners, and keepers but not on the location and keeping conditions of equines. The objective of our study was to collect information on keeping hab...

Air quality can be altered by fungal contaminants suspended in the air, forming bioaerosols. Aspergilli section Nidulantes series Versicolores are recurrent in bioaerosols and are mainly responsible for allergies and asthma aggravation. Phylogenetic studies recently identified 12 new species within this series. This study is the first to identify s...

Fungal contamination of indoor environments can cause respiratory diseases and induce damages to building materials. Among the fungal species found in mold-damaged homes, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum and P. crustosum can be considered as recurrent strains. In this study, we therefore propose a rapid and novel qPCR-based method in orde...

Introduction La qualité de l’air dans les habitats et l’exposition aux bioaérosols fongiques est un problème majeur en Europe où les personnes passent une grande part de leur temps en milieu intérieur. Selon l’OMS, 30 à 50% des habitats européens ont des problèmes d’humidité entraînant le développement de moisissures avec des conséquences sanitaire...

Accurate demographic knowledge of the equine population is needed to assess and model equine health events. France is one of the few European countries with an operational centralized database (SIRE) recording individual data on all declared equines living in France and on their owners and keepers. Our study aimed to assess SIRE database quality co...

This presentation is about a mycoremediation study within a microcosm of a multi-contaminated soil by the fungal strain Absidia cylindrospora

The mutagenic patterns of A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. fumigatus extracts were evaluated. These strains of toxigenic Aspergillus were collected from the agricultural environment. The Ames test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102, without and with S9mix (exogenous metabolic activation system). These data were co...

Nowadays, trace metal contamination of soils is a worldwide concern. In the soil, the trace metals are distributed within different mineralogical fractions, which influence the transfers and the bio-availability, then the associated toxic risk. This study aims to investigate how the development of selected fungal mycelium influences the mineralogic...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01030.].

Air quality in homes is a major concern in Europe, where people spend most of their time indoors. According to the World Health Organization, numerous houses are subject to dampness that can lead to mold growth, with associated health and economic consequences. Our goal was to characterize the human exposure to bioaerosols in French mold-damaged ho...

Trace metal contamination is a widespread and complex environmental problem. Because fungi are capable of growing in adverse environments, several fungal species could have an interesting potential in remediation technologies for metal contaminated environments. This study proposes to test the ability to tolerate and biosorb three trace metals (Cd,...

The standard in vitro cultivation procedure for Plasmodium falciparum requires gas exchange and a microaerophilic atmosphere. A novel system using a commercially available cell culture device (PetakaG3™; Celartia Ltd.,Powell, OH) was assessed for long-term cultivation of a P. falciparum reference laboratory clone in normal air. Parasite growth duri...

Les bioaérosols (moisissures, mycotoxines, pollens, endotoxines) ainsi que les poussières, contenus dans les fourrages sont susceptibles de provoquer des maladies respiratoires chroniques telles que la Maladie Obstructive Récurrente des Voies Respiratoires (MORVR) chez le cheval. Afin de diminuer la prévalence de ces maladies, il est nécessaire de...

The deterioration of houses and indoor air quality caused by moisture and molds is a major health and economic concern in many countries. In 2009, the World Health Organization published a report that highlighted moisture problems in 10 to 50% of European homes. Damp indoor conditions lead to growth of microorganisms which can be released into the...

Biosurfactants such as lipopeptides are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms such as bacteria of the genera of Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Some of these molecules proved to have interesting antimicrobial, antiviral, insecticide and/or tensio-active properties that are potentially useful for the agricultural, chemical, food, and pharmaceut...

Background: Inonotus obliquus, also known as Chaga, is a parasitic fungus growing on birches and used in traditional medicine (especially by Khanty people) to treat various health problems. In this study, we aimed to quantify the 3 metabolites frequently cited in literature, that is, betulin, betulinic acid, and inotodiol in the Chaga recently dis...

The contamination of indoor air by molds constitutes an economic and health concern in many countries. Among fungi found in bioaerosols, some species like Aspergillus versicolor are known to be recurrent and toxinogenic. Several methods can be used to quantify this mold in bioaerosols, however, the lack of a standardized and rapid method to assess...

Fieldwork was conducted on 138 energy efficient buildings, to check if building site practices induced exposure to weather of thermal insulation. In nearly 80% of cases, insulation was exposed to weather due to insufficient protection. Therefore insulating wools were exposed, divided into three parts (control, exposure under shelter, exposure to we...

Trace metals cause deterioration of the soil and constitute a major concern for the environment and human health. Bioremediation could be an effective solution for the rectification of contaminated soils. Fungi could play an important role in biodegradation because of the morphology of their mycelium (highly reactive and extensive biological surfac...

Les éléments traces métalliques (ETM) sont des contaminants majeurs souvent à rémanence souvent longue et à potentiel toxique important. Pour la plupart non métabolisés, ils s’accumulent dans les écosystèmes, en particulier les sols où ils représentent la seconde pollution après les hydrocarbures (ADEME, 2015). Cette pollution des sols génère des r...

Indoor air quality in health care facilities is a major public health concern, particularly for immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to microbiological contaminants such as molds, mycotoxins, endotoxins, and (1,3)-ß-D-glucans. Over 2 years, bioaerosols were collected on a monthly basis in a cancer treatment center (Centre F. Baclesse, Norm...

L’objectif principal de l’étude "MYCORISK" est de caractériser d’un point de vue fongique et génotoxique, les matrices végétales et les bioaérosols issus de la manipulation du maïs et de tourteaux d’oléagineux. Parmi les autres situations à risques étudiées : le maintien du bétail dans des espaces clos (stabulation) ou la récolte du fourrage, susce...

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the fungal secondary metabolite displaying a wide range of biological properties including immunosuppressive activities. Up to now, screening of fungal strains producing MPA has mainly been the result of the search of this molecule in their culture medium by chemical methods. Here we developed a molecular approach for the...

Mycophenolic acid is considered as an immunosuppressive pharmaceutical drug, but also as a mycotoxin due to its undesirable presence in various feedstuffs. Although Penicillium brevicompactum has been historically identified as the major producer of mycophenolic acid, this study reports for the first time the production of mycophenolic acid by isol...

For some years, the degradation of homes by the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans increased. This study described, for the first time, the fungal contamination in homes located in Low–Normandy (France) and damaged by Serpula lacrymans. Wood–decaying fungi, airborne molds, fungal species growing on building materials were investigated by cultural and...

Agricultural occupations associated with animal breeding and the processing of animal materials in confinement systems could potentially lead to bioaerosol exposures. Moulds and mycotoxins could be constituents of bioaerosols and should be studied because of their possible involvement in respiratory diseases and cancers. In order to characterize th...

Improving the hygienic quality of forages for horse nutrition seems to be a reasonable target for decreasing the prevalence of pulmonary diseases. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different agricultural practices on the main aero-allergens contained in forages, including breathable dust, fungi, mycotoxins and pollens. Results s...

Dust, moulds, pollen and endotoxins occurring in forage are considered to be among the main etiological agents of equine pulmonary disease. An experiment based on forage harvested from permanent grassland in Lower Normandy showed that certain cultivation practices (baling hay with 75 % dry matter content) or even rain after cutting increase the amo...

Les poussières, moisissures, pollens et endotoxines présents dans les fourrages sont suspectés d'être les principaux agents étiologiques desmaladies pulmonaires équines. L'étude ici présentée ouvre des perspectives pour améliorer la qualité sanitaire des foins distribués aux équins et ainsi réduire la prévalence de ces maladies. Une expérimentation...

Abstract Pulmonary diseases such as recurrent airway obstruction have become a major concern in the horse industry. Airborne dust, including aeroallergens from forages, is suspected to be the main factor in its aetiology. Hypothesizing that grassland flora could affect hay hygienic quality, and therefore have implications for the respiratory health...

In agricultural areas, the contamination of feedstuffs with molds and mycotoxins presents major environmental and health concerns. During cattle feeding, fungi and mycotoxins were monitored in corn silage, oilseed cakes and bioaerosols collected in Normandy. Most of the corn silages were found to be contaminated by deoxynivalenol (mean concentratio...

In agricultural areas, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus parasiticus are commonly identified in various feedstuffs and bioaerosols originated from feed handling. Some isolates belonging to these fungal species could produce mycotoxins and constitute a risk factor for human and animal health. In this study, Fourier-transform...

It is now widely recognized that an environmental approach to the prevention of equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), resulting from recurrent exposure to dust and aeroallergens, requires closer consideration. The aims of this study were to quantify the dust and aeroallergens in hays in order to characterize the health quality of hay, to ident...

Poster

Agricultural activities involve the use of oilseed cakes as a source of proteins for livestock. Because the storage of oilseed cakes could induce the development of molds and the production of mycotoxins, a survey was conducted during the 5 months of farm storage. Mycoflora was studied by microscopic examinations, and the presence of Aspergillus fu...

Agricultural activities involve daily use of maize silage as feed for livestock, which can be contaminated by mycotoxigenic molds. To evaluate fungal contamination, and the production of mycotoxins in maize silage we propose a multi-disciplinary approach utilizing PCR methods with genes of the aflatoxin (ver-1, omt-1 and apa-2), fumonisin (FUM1) an...

Mutations in the TP53 gene are the most common alterations in human tumours. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to exposure to aflatoxin B1, a specific G>T transversion in codon 249 is classically described as a hot spot. However, AFB1 is suspected to be a potent carcinogen in tissues other than the liver. By using the FASAY functional assay...

To investigate the exposure of livestock and farm workers to mycotoxins during the last months of silage use, the mycoflora and the mycotoxins in a mature silage (11-months-old) were studied. A multimycotoxin method was developed to evaluate the toxigenic in vitro ability of fungal strains. The screening of potentially toxigenic fungi isolated from...

Since several years, in the area of Kabrousse in Casamance (Senegal), a neurotoxic syndrome has caused more than 50 human deaths. Field studies showed that epidemic could be due to consumption of leave decoction of Cnestis ferruginea, a tropical plant belonging to the Connaraceae family. An ethnobotanical study has been conducted in order to invest...

To evaluate the ochratoxin A risk in French vineyards, five winemaking regions were investigated. An exhaustive survey of the fungal microflora of 60 grape samples was carried out at two development stages of the berries: end of veraison and harvest time. Potentially toxinogenic fungi isolated from grapes were assessed in vitro for ochratoxin A pro...

This study investigates the fungal biodegradation of fluorene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in liquid medium and soil slurry. Fungal strains and cyclodextrins were used in order to degrade fluorene and optimize fluorene bioavailability and degradation in soil slurries. After a procedure of selection in solid and liquid media, maltosyl-cyclode...

This study assesses the potential of fungal bioaugmentation and the effect of maltosyl-cyclodextrin amendment, as an approach to accelerate fluorene biodegradation in soil slurries. 47 fungal strains isolated from a contaminated site were tested in the biodegradation of fluorene. Results showed the greater efficiency of "adaptated" fungi isolated f...

Eighteen fungal strains were tested in toxicity assays with surfactants in order to select surfactants and strains tolerant to surfactants for degradation assays. Two nonionic surfactants were used, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, Triton X-100, a sorbitan ester, Tween 80 and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Solubilization and biodegradatio...

The purpose of this study was to improve the bioavailability of fluorene (PAH) by the use of complexing agents, cyclodextrins. The biodegradation tests were performed in liquid medium batches; fluorene was quantified by HPLC. Experimental results showed the enhancement of fluorene degradation by Penicillium italicum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium...

Introduction: Cortinarius spp. poisoning is characterized by a delayed acute renal failure. The main features of this severe poisoning are still poorly known and often overlooked. The aim of this literature review is a better description of Cortinarius spp. poisoning. Materials and methods: The main medical databases were searched: Abstracts of...

Cortinarius spp. poisoning is characterized by a delayed acute renal failure (ARF). The main features of this severe poisoning are still poorly known and often overlooked. The aim of this review of the literature was a better description of Cortinarius spp. poisoning. The main medical databases were searched and analysed. 245 cases were collected a...

Cortinarius SPA poisoning is characterized, by a delayed acute renal failure (ARF). The main features of this severe poisoning are still poorly known and often overlooked. The aim of this review of the literature was a better description of Cortinarius spp. poisoning. Methods. The main medical databases were searched and analysed. Results. 245 case...

A selection of 30 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated to degrade fluorene. Toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid media, have shown high growth inhibition at concentrations above 0.001 g l-1 only towards...

Les intoxications par cortinaires sont caractérisées par l'appa-rition d'une insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA). L'objectif de cette revue de la littérature est de mieux décrire les principales caracté-ristiques de l'intoxication. Méthodes. La recherche bibliographique a été réalisée à partir d'index de périodiques et d'interrogations de base de donné...