David Forman

International Agency for Research on Cancer

Rationale and objective: The burden of breast cancer has increased worldwide. Breast cancer mortality has been increasing in Central and South America (CSA) in the last few decades. We describe the current burden of breast cancer in CSA and review the current status of disease control. Methods: We obtained regional- and national-level incidence...

Statistics on cancer incidence from Central and South American countries are scarce because of the small number of population-based cancer registries that continuously collect data. Similarly, comparable statistics on cancer mortality are sparse in spite of efforts made to improve coverage in the last decade. The aim of this study is to describe ge...

Rationale and objective: Central and South America comprise one of the areas characterized by high incidence rates for head and neck cancer. We describe the geographical and temporal trends in incidence and mortality of head and neck cancers in the Central and South American region in order to identify opportunities for intervention on the major i...

Rationale and objective: Cancer burden is increasing in Central and South America (CSA). We describe the current burden of cancer in CSA. Methods: We obtained regional and national-level cancer incidence data from 48 population-based registries (13 countries) and nation-wide cancer mortality data from the WHO (18 countries). We estimated world p...

Rationale and objective: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is largely curable owing to improvements in treatment since the 1960s; nevertheless, high mortality rates have been reported in Central and South America. We describe the current burden of HL in the Central and South American region. Methods: We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data f...

Rationale and objective: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In Central and South America lung cancer is now one of most frequent cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. We describe patterns and trends in lung cancer incidence and mortality in Central an...

Central and South American countries (including Cuba) are experiencing rapid socio-demographic and epidemiologic changes and the nature of health problems are undergoing transition from infectious to chronic diseases, including cancer. Countries are poorly prepared to respond effectively to the subsequent challenges posed by the new patterns of dis...

Rationale and objective: The incidence of prostate cancer has increased in Central and South America (CSA) in the last few decades. We describe the geographical patterns and trends of prostate cancer in CSA. Methods: We obtained regional and national-level cancer incidence data from 48 population-based registries in 13 countries and nation-wide...

Rationale and objective: Stomach cancer mortality rates in Central and South America (CSA) are among the highest in the world. We describe the current burden of stomach cancer in CSA. Methods: We obtained regional and national-level cancer incidence data from 48 population-based registries (13 countries) and nation-wide cancer deaths from WHO's...

Rationale and objective: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare neoplasm yet it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and its prognosis is poor. Incidence of GBC is high in some areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. We described the current burden of GBC in Central and South America (CSA). Methods: We obtained GBC inc...

Rationale and objective: The colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is increasing in Central and South American due to an ongoing transition towards higher levels of human development. We describe the burden of CRC in the region and review the current status of disease control. Methods: We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 pop...

Rationale and objective: Although malignant tumors of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) represent less than 3% of new cancer cases estimated worldwide, they cause significant morbidity and in the case of gliomas, the most common histological type, have a poor prognosis. We describe patterns and trends in brain and CNS incidence and mortal...

Rationale and objective: Oesophageal cancer shows marked geographic variations and is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. We described the burden of this malignancy in Central and South America. Methods: Regional and national level incidence data were obtained from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries. Mortality...

Rationale and objective: The burden of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has increased in some Central and South American countries. We describe the current patterns and trends in NHL incidence and mortality in Central and South America. Methods: We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 co...

Rationale and objective: Incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is rapidly increasing worldwide, but little is known about the TC burden in Central and South America (CSA). We describe the geographic patterns and trends of TC by sex in CSA. Methods: We obtained regional- and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 1...

Rationale and objective: More than 20 years after cytology-based screening was introduced in Central and South America (CSA), cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in the region. Although several population-based registries exist in the region, few comprehensive analyses have been conducted to describe the statu...

Aims: To assess cancer incidence and all-cause mortality trends in HIV-positive patients in Algeria before and during the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: We used hospital-based data of patients with HIV/AIDS between January 1988 and December 2010. Statistical Analys...

Rationale and objective: Very little is known about the burden of cutaneous melanoma in Central and South America, despite the existence of a reasonable amount of population-based data. We present data on melanoma incidence calculated in a standardized way for Central and South America, as well as an overview of primary and secondary prevention is...

Objectives: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing while adenocarcinoma of the stomach is decreasing. We have investigated whether the incidences of these two cancers and their time trends might be inversely related pointing to a common environmental factor exerting opposite effects on these cancers. Methods: For cross-se...

The global figure of 14 million new cancer cases in 2012 is projected to rise to almost 22 million by 2030, with the burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) shifting from 59% to 65% of all cancer cases worldwide over this time. While the overheads of cancer care are set to rapidly increase in all countries worldwide irrespective of incom...

Whilst common genetic variation in many non-coding genomic regulatory regions are known to impart risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), much of the heritability of CRC remains unexplained. To examine the role of recurrent coding sequence variation in CRC aetiology, we genotyped 12,638 CRCs cases and 29,045 controls from six European populations. Single-...

Background: Esophageal and gastric cancers differ in their epidemiology but have several risk factors in common. The aim of this study was to assess age and sex differences in the burden of esophageal and gastric cancers in the context of the global obesity epidemic. Methods: Data from 50 countries were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Con...

Background: Childhood cancer is an emerging problem in Africa. Its extent is hazy because data are scarce, but it should be addressed. This is the first report from the South African Children's Tumour Registry (SACTR), which covers the whole of South Africa (SA). It provides minimal estimates of cancer incidence and discusses the challenges of can...

Tobacco smoking is among the leading causes of preventable mortality worldwide. We assessed the impact of smoking on life expectancy worldwide between 1980 and 2010. We retrieved cause-specific mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database by sex, year and age for 63 countries with high or moderate quality data (1980-2010). Using the time of the p...

Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5), a longstanding collaboration between the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR), serves as a unique source of cancer incidence data from high-quality population-based cancer registries around the world. The recent publication of Volu...

Abstract Introduction H.pylori atrophic gastritis and associated hypochlorhydria have been suggested to protect against oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAD), so that the falling incidence of the former might be linked to the rising incidence of the latter seen recently. If so, a negative association should exist between the incidences of OAD and non-ca...

Globally, gastric cancer incidence shows remarkable international variation and demonstrates distinct characteristics by the two major topographical subsites, cardia (CGC) and non-cardia (NCGC). Because global incidence estimates by subsite are lacking, we aimed to describe the worldwide incidence patterns of CGC and NCGC separately. Using Cancer I...

We previously estimated that 660,000 cases of cancer in the year 2008 were attributable to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), corresponding to 5.2% of the 12.7 million total cancer cases that occurred worldwide. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that immunoblot (western blot) is more sensitive for detection of anti-H. pylori ant...

There is a paucity of studies on socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in developing countries. We examined trends in inequalities in cancer mortality by educational attainment in Colombia during a period of epidemiological transition and rapid expansion of health insurance coverage. Population mortality data (1998-2007) were linked to cen...

Gastric cancer is the third cause of cancer death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori infection causes almost 90% of non-cardia cancers, the predominant type. H. pylori infection is treatable, and in clinical trials there is evidence of a 30-40% reduction in incidence of gastric cancer among treated subjects. However, with a few exceptions, there ar...

Background: High body-mass index (BMI; defined as 25 kg/m(2) or greater) is associated with increased risk of cancer. To inform public health policy and future research, we estimated the global burden of cancer attributable to high BMI in 2012. Methods: In this population-based study, we derived population attributable fractions (PAFs) using rel...

Objective The two major histological types of oesophageal cancer—adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)—are known to differ greatly in terms of risk factors and epidemiology. To date, global incidence estimates for individual subtypes are still lacking. This study for the first time quantified the global burden of oesophageal cancer...

Objective To investigate whether health insurance affiliation and socioeconomic deprivation is associated with all-cause survival for gastric cancer in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods All 1039 patients resident in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area diagnosed with gastric cancer between 2003-2009, identified in the population-based cancer registry, we...

Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We review the sources and methods used in compiling the national cancer incidence and mortality estimates, and briefly describe the key results by...

Background: Phenacetin is an analgesic that causes renal diseases and cancers of the upper-urinary tract (UUT). It was banned in most countries from the late 1960s. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the long-term population impact of the phenacetin ban on UUT cancer rates. Methods: We used cancer registry data from Australia, whe...

Background This era of big data has led to a myriad of new interesting data analysis and visualization tools. Many of them are leveraging the power of modern HTML5 compliant web browsers to present the users with tools to, not only see ready-made views of datasets, but also interactive tools for exploration of the data. Some of these tools, and und...

Background CanReg5 is an open source software package for population based cancer registries to enter, quality control, and store data, based on international standards. Technology, third party tools and libraries, has evolved quite a bit since CanReg5 was designed, some six years ago. This has allowed us to keep adding new functionality, like, for...

Introduction During last three decades, global incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased more rapidly than any other cancer. A concurrent reduction in the incidence of gastric cancer has been reported from some populations. We aimed to examine the geographical pattern of oesophageal adenocarcinoma versus gastric non-cardia cancer across...

Objectives: To determine whether searching for Helicobacter pylori and treating with eradication therapy leads to a reduction in incidence of gastric cancer among healthy asymptomatic infected individuals. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central regist...

Cancer is a leading cause of death in Latin America but there have been few assessments of the cancer burden for the 10% of the population who are indigenous. Evidence from other world regions suggests cancer survival is poorer for indigenous people than for others due to a greater incidence of case-fatal cancers, later stage at diagnosis, and less...

Population-based cancer registries provide indispensable information on cancer incidence and survival, which cannot be obtained by any other means. It is clear that complete and effective use of these data is essential for cancer control, but sharing this information in a uniform, timely and user-friendly manner has been somewhat limited up to now....

The analysis of time to treatment data and the evaluation of subsequent effects on health outcomes can be complex due to the nature of the data and the relationships amongst the variables. This study proposes an alternative method of analyzing such data using latent class analysis (LCA). The association between time to begin adjuvant chemotherapy a...

Available here: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Working-Group-Reports/-Em-Helicobacter-Pylori-Em-Eradication-As-A-Strategy-For-Preventing-Gastric-Cancer-2014

Testicular cancer mainly affects White Caucasian populations, accounts for 1% of all male cancers, and is frequently the most common malignancy among young adult men. In light of the escalating rates of testicular cancer incidence in Europe, and in support of future planning to ensure optimal care of patients with what can be a curable disease, we...

Background: The optimal duration for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is controversial, with recommendations ranging from 7 to 14 days. Several systematic reviews have attempted to address this issue but have given conflicting results and limited their analysis to proton pump inhibitor (PPI), two antibiotics (PPI triple) therapy...

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as one of the major causes of infection-related cancer worldwide, as well as the causal factor in other diseases. Strong evidence for a causal etiology with HPV has been stated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for cancers of the cervix uteri, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and or...

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as one of the major causes of infection-related cancer worldwide, as well as the causal factor in other diseases. Strong evidence for a causal etiology with HPV has been stated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for cancers of the cervix uteri, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and or...

Stomach cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, especially in developing countries. Incidence has been associated with poverty and is also reported to disproportionately affect indigenous peoples, many of whom live in poor socioeconomic circumstances and experience lower standards of health. In this comprehensive assessment, we explore the burde...

The incidence of gastric cancer has decreased in much of the world, but gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death globally, and the burden is growing in many countries in East Asia and Latin America. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the dominant cause of gastric cancer, and two recent randomized trials showed that...

Individual country- and cancer site-specific studies suggest that the age-adjusted incidence of many common cancers has increased in European populations over the past two decades. To quantify the extent of these trends and the recent burden of cancer, here we present a comprehensive overview of trends in population-based incidence of the five comm...

Background Routine measurement of Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) linked with clinical data across the patient pathway is increasingly important for informing future care planning. The innovative electronic Patient-reported Outcomes from Cancer Survivors (ePOCS) system was developed to integrate PROs, collected online at specified post-diagnostic...

Trends in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) incidence over four decades were described for Zimbabwe and Uganda. KS data were retrieved from the population-based cancer registries of Bulawayo (1963-71) and Harare (1990-2005), Zimbabwe, and Kyadondo, Uganda (1960-71 and 1991-2007). Joinpoint regression models were used to analyze time trends of KS incidence. Trend...

For the first time in Algeria, we report on the presentation, diagnosis and management of two cases of diffuse large B cell NHL with chronic HCV infection. Both Algerian patients came for medical consult without HCV-related symptoms. Systematic serological tests to identify HIV and hepatitis B and C infections which performed on all patients led to...

Gastric cancer is one of the major malignancies in the world. This article summarizes the current understanding of the worldwide burden of this disease, its geographic variation, and temporal trends. An overview is presented of known risk factors, including genetic, dietary, and behavioral, but focuses on Helicobacter pylori infection as the most i...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing in incidence but mortality rates are low. Identifying high-risk tumours is important when rationalizing clinical review for patients with cSCC. To assess the accuracy of death certification in cases of reported fatal cSCC and to identify risk factors for fatal cSCC. A retrospective, observation...

Global international trends in female breast cancer incidence have been described previously but no comparable analysis of male breast cancer incidence rates has been conducted. We obtained male and female case and population data using Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5). We calculated age-adjusted, sex-specific incidence rates and female-to...

Background Complete cancer prevalence data in Europe have never been updated after the first estimates provided by the EUROPREVAL project and referred to the year 1993. This paper provides prevalence estimates for 16 major cancers in Europe at the beginning of the year 2003.Patients and methodsWe estimated complete prevalence by the completeness in...

Background Clinical guidelines recommend that, where clinically appropriate, laparoscopic tumour resections should be available for patients with colorectal cancer. This study aimed to examine the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in the English National Health Service. Methods Data were extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository on all...

Cancer incidence and mortality estimates for 25 cancers are presented for the 40 countries in the four United Nations-defined areas of Europe and for the European Union (EU-27) for 2012. We used statistical models to estimate national incidence and mortality rates in 2012 from recently-published data, predicting incidence and mortality rates for th...

Background. Proportion cured is a potentially more informative cancer outcome measure than five-year survival. We present population-based cured estimates for young patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Europe from 1982 to 2002. Design and methods. Thirty-five European cancer registries provided data. Survival was estimated by age...

Background: Few international population-based studies have provided information on potential determinants of international disparities in cancer survival. This population-based study was undertaken to identify the principal differences in disease characteristics and management that accounted for previously observed poorer survival in English compa...