David M Claborn

American University of Iraq-Baghdad

The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, is an invasive species, originally from eastern Asia, and was first reported in the USA in New Jersey. It is now reported in several eastern states. In 2018, researchers reported H. longicornis in northwest Arkansas (Benton County). This tick species is a proven vector of livestock and human dis...

A convenience sample was used to survey the student population for SARS-CoV-2 at a large state university in the mid-western United States. The survey was done on the Missouri State University campus in Springfield, Missouri, during the fall of 2020 and it sampled students who were not seeking treatment for symptoms of SARS-CoV-2. For this study, t...

In 2015, Zika emerged as a vector-borne disease in the Americas, causing a variety of health issues ranging from Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults to microcephaly in newborns. Following the documentation of mosquito-borne transmission of the disease in the southern United States, the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services contracted with...

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures o...

We used both adult and larval survey techniques during the summers of 2016 and 2017 to determine the mosquito species present in 36 counties of southern and western Missouri. The study included adult traps such as Omni-Directional Fay–Prince traps and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited with dry ice and octanol. Field-workers to...

A survey of adult and immature mosquitoes in southern and western Missouri conducted from June 14 to September 23, 2016, yielded 32 species and 7 genera. The invasive species Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus were dispersed widely in the state, but the survey failed to collect any Ae. aegypti. This note discusses the impact of changes in the Misso...

During its deployment to Kuwait from 2011-2012, the 983rd Medical Detachment (Preventive Medicine) was augmented with a 4-person laboratory section which provided polymerase chain reaction capabilities not normally associated with an Army Level III preventive medicine detachment. Although common in many civilian laboratories, this was the first tim...

ABSTRACT Sand Flies Lutzomyia (Psathyromyia) shannoni (Dyar) and Lu. (Helcocyrtomyia) vexator (Coquillet) were collected for the first time in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas, expanding the known range of these species in North America. Altogether, 680 sand flies (356 males and 324 females) were collected during trapping from May through Oct...

An inexpensive and rapid bioassay using adult red flour beetles was developed for use in assessing the decontamination of environments containing organophosphates and related chemicals. A decontamination protocol was developed which demonstrated that 2 to 3 applications of 5% bleach solution were required to obtain nearly complete decontamination o...

Author David M. Claborn reviews Security and Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities by Stanley States

Most studies on interior (or indoor) residual spraying (IRS) have been targeted on permanent/semipermanent structures. We measured the utility of a portable field bioassay, which can be set up quickly to determine the best chemical repellent or irritant for use as an IRS during an emergency or military situation when displaced persons are temporari...

Over 35,000 cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) are reported worldwide each year. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of the JE virus, while wading birds are natural reservoirs and swine amplifying hosts. As part of a JE risk analysis, the ecological niche modeling programme, Maxent, was used to develop a predictive model for the distribu...

Funnel traps are often used to sample for the presence of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in subterranean aquatic habitats. These traps are generally > or = 15 cm in diameter, making them impractical for use in subterranean sites that have narrow (10-cm) access ports, such as those in standard-sized septic tanks. Recent research indi...

To monitor adult mosquito abundance in northern Belize before/after the first tropical storm of the wet season to estimate the time required for development/recovery of potential vector populations; determine which species predominate post-storm; and compare the effectiveness of two types of mosquito traps-octenol-baited Mosquito Magnets® and U.S....

Vector control remains a key component of many anti-leishmaniasis programs and probably will remain so until an effective vaccine becomes available. Technologies similar to those used for control of adult mosquitoes, specifically interior residual sprays and insecticide-treated nets, are currently at the forefront as disease control measures. This...

Adult Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) were previously recovered from emergence traps on septic tanks in southeastern Puerto Rico. In this study we quantified immature mosquito abundance and its relationship with structural variables of the septic tanks and chemical properties of the water containing raw sewage. A miniaturized floating...

The academic course requirements for 111 certificate and degree programs in emergency management and homeland security were reviewed to assess the degree to which the subject of public health has been incorporated into the overall curriculum of this broad and emerging field. Courses that were dedicated primarily to the field of public health compri...

Leishmania infections in American veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan have raised concern that veterans could serve as reservoirs of Old World parasites for domestic vector populations. A survey of sand flies on three U.S. Army facilities in the southern United States was conducted to identify potential vectors. Five species, including two new state r...

Two species of phlebotomine sand flies, Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) and Lutzomyia vexator (Coquillett), are reported for the first time from Kentucky and Ohio. L. vexator also is reported for the first time from Tennessee. These insects were found in a northeasterly band extending from southwestern Kentucky to southwestern Ohio. Both species were con...

Sand fly fever has severely impacted military missions in southern Europe and the Middle East for hundreds of years. After a brief respite following the malaria eradication programs of World War II, it has returned as a significant disease among residents in and travelers to the Mediterranean rim. It is a more severe disease now, with potential vec...

Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) throughout much of the tropical and temperate climates of Asia. Several recent papers have used ecological niche modeling programs, e.g., Maxent and GARP, to predict the distribution of disease vectors (e.g. Peterson and Shaw 2003, Moffett et al. 2007). In this on-go...

Nearly 1300 cases of leishmaniasis have been identified in American military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. The symptoms of this disease can range from a mild, self-limiting cutaneous infection to a deadly visceral infection and are not prevented by chemoprophylaxis or immunization. Effective treatments, however, are available. The dis...

Surveillance and control procedures for the mosquito vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) and other arboviruses are described in response plans that vary among states. To ensure that naval installations in the eastern United States follow WNV response plan criteria similar to those of their host states, we conducted a telephone survey of 25 personnel w...

There are several natural and artificial factors that mimic the effects of chemical warfare agents, thereby causing unwarranted alarm and confusion on the battlefield. Symptoms associated with chemical warfare include paralysis, muscle tremors, heavy salivation, severe burns, blistering, and corrosive skin injuries among others. Similar symptoms ca...

Malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993. While limited numbers of U.S. soldiers in high-risk areas use chloroquine/ primaquine chemoprophylaxis to prevent malaria, control of mosquito larvae through larviciding also can be used to reduce the risk of malaria transmission. In order to estimate the cost of larviciding, accurate estima...

Mosquito-born infectious diseases are a serious public health concern, not only for the less developed countries, but also for developed countries like the U.S. Larviciding is an effective method for vector control and adverse effects to non-target species are minimized when mosquito larval habitats are properly surveyed and treated. Remote sensing...

The larval habitats of malaria vectors near the Demilitarized Zone of the Republic of Korea (ROK) were sampled from June through September 2000 to determine larval abundance and to identify environmental factors associated with high larval density. Six primary habitats were identified: rice fields, irrigation ditches, drainage ditches, stream pools...

A cost-comparison of two methods for the control of malaria in the Republic of Korea was performed. The cost of larviciding with methoprene granules was estimated at $93.48/hectare. The annual cost of providing chemoprophylaxis was estimated at $37.53/person. Remote sensing and geographic information systems were used to obtain estimates of the siz...

Field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 September 2000 in a malarious area near Paekyeon-ri (Tongil-Chon) and Camp Greaves in Paju County, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, in...

Two field trials for commercially available and experimental mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, octenol, or combinations of these were evaluated in a malarious area at Paekyeon-Ri near Tongil-Chon (village) and Camp Greaves, Paju County, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito spec...

Typescript (Photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2001.

An outbreak of a blistering disease was reported in a military unit training in the Arizona desert during heavy rain and flooding. In a unit of 249 personnel, 33 presented with dermatologic complaints, and 4 met stringent diagnostic criteria for dermatitis linearis. A fifth patient presented with symptoms and signs of "Nairobi eye." Staphylinid (ro...

The abundances of three mosquito vectors on Okinawa were determined using New Jersey light traps and compared with data from an identical survey in 1969. The focal distribution of the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis (JE), Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, indicates that exposure risks are not uniform throughout the island. The populations of t...

Three insecticides were tested for efficacy against adult red flour beetles on painted and unpainted steel plates. Microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon provided 100% control for 47 weeks on both painted and unpainted surfaces. A lacquer-based formulation of chlorpyrifos was not as effective and could have been affected by pai...

Pro-Drone, an insect growth regulator (IGR) with juvenile hormone activity, was aerially applied twice at the rates of 11.86 g AI/ha in large-scale field trials for control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Although Pro-Drone applications produced no significant effect at 3- and 8-months posttreatment, the IGR significantly re...

Field tests were initiated in Kerr County, Texas with UC-27867 and AK-101. Rates of both compounds were applied as single mound drenches to individual colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA) at the Riverhill Country Club in Kerrville, Texas. Each rate was applied as a 1-gal mound drench to 20 individual colonies on 16 Jun 83, and monitored at...