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January 1981 - May 1982
Publications
Publications (338)
In the Midwest United States, soybean aphids can cause significant economic losses in soybean production. The repeated use of insecticides within the same family has led to the development of insecticide resistance in soybean aphids. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide-resistance management (IRM) strategies can help farmer...
Considerable work has examined the distribution of species under projected climate change, but empirical data are needed to support predicting change in abundance.
I analysed populations of 17 saproxylic beetle species collected twice nightly from mid‐May to mid‐October from 2004 to 2015 at lights in Shizuoka, Japan, to investigate effects of two 1...
The structure of macroinvertebrate communities in agroecosystems has been assumed to be modular and organized around key herbivore pests. We characterized the macroinvertebrate community in the annual organic brassica agroecosystem in tropical central Brazil to determine if the community was a random assemblage of independent populations or was org...
Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is a highly polyphagous herbivore with more than 300 known host plants. The high polyphagy has created logistical challenges for understanding its population dynamics. I hypothesized that the primary food resource of this species can be characterized simply, cutting across the multiple host plant species, and...
Significantly higher population densities of a squash pest beetle, Acalymma vittatum , were observed in a squash monoculture than a triculture of squash, maize, and beans. One hypothesis for such differences is that non‐host plants in the triculture cause the herbivore to move more frequently resulting in higher emigration rates from the triculture...
Several methods have been published to estimate per capita predation rates from molecular gut content analysis relying on intuitive understanding of predation, but none have been formally derived. We provide a theoretical framework for estimating predation rates to identify an accurate method and lay bare its assumptions. Per capita predation can b...
The search for effective biological control agents without harmful non-target effects has been constrained by the use of impractical (field direct observation) or imprecise (cage experiments) methods. While advances in the DNA sequencing methods, more specifically the development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS), have been quickly incorporated i...
Detailed understanding of the mechanisms enabling or limiting the impacts of invasive generalist predators is needed. Harmonia axyridis is an invasive generalist coccinellid predator that may have destabilised coccinellid communities worldwide and is an excellent candidate for investigating invasion dynamics.
We evaluated four hypotheses: (1) Nine...
Characterizing dispersal kernels from truncated data is important for managing and predicting population dynamics. We used mark‐recapture data from 10 previously published replicated experiments at three host plant development stages (seedling, tillering, and heading) to estimate parameters of the normal and exponential dispersal kernels for green...
Quantifying species trophic interaction strengths is crucial for understanding community dynamics and has significant implications for pest management and species conservation. DNA‐based methods to identify species interactions have revolutionized these efforts, but a significant limitation is the poor ability to quantify the strength of trophic in...
In natural ecosystems, arthropod predation on herbivore prey is higher at lower latitudes, mirroring the latitudinal diversity gradient observed across many taxa. This pattern has not been systematically examined in human-dominated ecosystems, where frequent disturbances can shift the identity and abundance of local predators, altering predation ra...
Metabolic detoxification is a common mechanism of insecticide resistance, in which detoxifying enzyme genes are overexpressed. Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the major soybean pests in the United States and has developed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides after almost two decades of use. To date, there are no validated...
Background
A central challenge of DNA gut content analysis is to identify prey in a highly degraded DNA community. In this study, we evaluated prey detection using metabarcoding and a method of mapping unassembled shotgun reads (Lazaro).
Results
In a mock prey community, metabarcoding did not detect any prey, probably owing to primer choice and/or...
Incidence of parasitism is often underestimated because ‘ghost’ parasitoids (dead unemerged parasitoids or those that have emerged leaving the host carcasses) are difficult to detect and identify. This study demonstrates that the use of melting curve analysis (MCA) of host carcasses can detect and identify DNA of ghost parasitoids even a month afte...
1. Metabarcoding has revolutionized the study of ecological communities, but PCR bias hampers quantitative analyses, as required in studies of trophic interactions. Direct DNA shotgun sequencing can avoid the amplification step when unassembled reads are mapped to a reference database, enabling identification and quantification of prey items.
2. Tw...
Due to typesetting errors, Table 5 was not displayed correctly in the initial online publication. The original online article has been corrected.
Exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents (GABCAs) have been historically marginalized in classical and augmentative biological control due to their broad diet breadth, but an increasing demand for a more sustainable pest control is encouraging their reconsideration. This special issue compiles a collection of papers revealing that risk...
Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) are required before utilizing exotic arthropods for biological control (BC). Present ERAs focus on exposure analysis (host/prey range) and have resulted in approval of many specialist exotic biological control agents (BCA). In comparison to specialists, generalist arthropod BCAs (GABCAs) have been considered in...
Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) are required before utilizing exotic arthropods for biological control (BC). Present ERAs focus on exposure analysis (host/prey range) and have resulted in approval of many specialist exotic biological control agents (BCA). In comparison to specialists, generalist arthropod BCAs (GABCAs) have been considered in...
The Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) has been a factor influencing the establishment of some exotic species worldwide. We tested if the ERH could be influencing populations of the exotic predator Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Brazil. During two years, three local predatory coccinellid species and Harmonia axyridis were sam...
Understanding the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance is essential to the effective management of pesticide resistance in Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We mined putative detoxifying enzyme genes in the draft genome sequence of A. glycines for cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and esterases (E4 and car...
Effective insect management strategies require a firm understanding of the factors determining host preference, particularly in highly mobile insect herbivores. Host preference studies commonly employ average or first position as a proxy for preference. Yet few studies have explored host preference in relation to transitory attraction and leaving r...
The intergenerational transfer of plant defense compounds by aposematic insects is well documented, and since 2006, has been shown for Cry toxins. Cry toxins are proteins naturally produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its genes have been expressed in plants to confer insect pest resistance. In this work we tested if non-ap...
The intergenerational transfer of plant defense compounds by aposematic insects is well
documented, and since 2006, has been shown for Cry toxins. Cry toxins are proteins naturally produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its genes have been expressed in plants to confer insect pest resistance. In this work we tested if non-ap...
Evaluation of potential detrimental effect on female reproduction and longevity; ELISA calibration curve; Figs A and B.
(DOCX)
The economically important brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a native pest of many crops in southeastern United States and insecticide applications are the prevailing method of population suppression. To elucidate biological control of E. servus populations, we investigated two egg predators' (red imported fire...
Constitutive expression of Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBPs) in antennae and other body parts has been examined mainly to infer their involvement in insect olfaction, while their regulation in response to semiochemical stimuli has remained poorly known. Previous studies of semiochemical response were basically done using electrophysiology, which inte...
Landscape factors can significantly influence arthropod populations. The economically important brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a native mobile, polyphagous and multivoltine pest of many crops in southeastern United States and understanding the relative influence of local and landscape factors on their reprodu...
Intraguild predation (IGP) may interact with prey availability to structure predator communities. However, if predators are able to avoid each other, its effect on predator community structure may be minimized or absent. To determine whether co-occurrence among IG predators is limited, we estimated co-occurrence among predators in experimental plot...
The Ebro Valley (Spain) is the only hotspot area in Europe where resistance evolution of target pests to Cry1Ab protein is most likely, owing to the high and regular adoption of Bt maize (>60%). The high-dose/refuge (HDR) strategy was implemented to delay resistance evolution, and to be effective it requires the frequency of resistance alleles to b...
Despite its benefits, adoption of organic farming is low in Brazil. We used the theory of planned behavior to determine factors that influenced a farmer's decision to adopt organic production methods and identify key social psychological barriers. We focused on strawberry production as a model, and surveyed 83 conventional strawberry farmers (respo...
Although theoretical studies have shown that the mixture strategy, which uses multiple toxins simultaneously, can effectively delay the evolution of insecticide resistance, whether it is the optimal management under different insect life histories and insecticide types remains unknown. To test the robustness of the management strategy over the life...
Brazil has the largest market for organic products in Latin America, but only 1.04% of its agricultural land is utilized for organic production (OP). We compared organic and conventional production (CP) in economic and productivity terms using data from a randomized survey of 86 organic and conventional strawberry growers (response rate 85.2%) in B...
Mitogenome sequences are highly desired because they are used in several biological disciplines. Their elucidation has been facilitated through the development of massive parallel sequencing, accelerating their deposition in public databases. However, sequencing, assembly and annotation methods might induce variability in their quality, raising con...
Planthoppers are serious pests of rice in both tropical and temperate East Asia. In temperate regions, population density has been shown to be largely determined by the rate and timing of immigration from tropical areas. Historical records of planthopper outbreaks in western Japan over 1300 years suggest that the cropping system may influence plant...
Figure S1. The number of generations to control failure, τ1/2∗, for the Comins model (S1.1) starting from non‐quasi‐equilibrium‐initial conditions. Parameters are the same as figure 2.
Figure S2. The number of generations to control failure, τ1/2∗ for the Comins model (S1.1) indicating the convex pattern diminishes at h=0.05.
Figure S3. The numbe...
If mating with an inferior male has high fitness costs, females may try to avoid mating with these males. Alternatively, females may accept an inferior male to ensure they have obtained at least one mate, and/or to avoid the costs of resisting these males. We hypothesized that females compensate for mating with an inferior male by remating. We test...
Research on male courtship behavior of moths has focused on documenting stereotyped sequences for successful copulation. We characterized successful male courtship behavior among 126 virgin mating pairs of Ostrinia nubilalis. Using Markov analysis, stereotypy indices, and a novel application of ecological network analysis, we found high variability...
The evolution of resistance against pesticides is an important problem of modern agriculture. The high-dose/refuge strategy, which divides the landscape into treated and non-treated (refuge) patches, has proven effective at delaying resistance evolution. However, theoretical understanding is still incomplete, especially for combinations of limited...
Resistance in western corn rootworm to transgenic corn hybrids was first confirmed in 2011 in Midwestern USA, and threatens their continued use. Farmers are often the first line of resistance detection, so their understanding and attitudes toward this issue are critical for improving resistance management. We conducted telephone focus groups during...
There is a growing recognition that scientific and social conflict pervades invasive species management, but there is a need for empirical work that can help better understand these conflicts and how they can be addressed. We examined the tensions and conflicts facing invasive Asian carp management in Minnesota by conducting 16 in-depth interviews...
Transgenic crops that express insecticide genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used worldwide against moth and beetle pests. Because these engineered plants can kill over 95% of susceptible larvae, they can rapidly select for resistance. Here, we use a model for a pyramid two-toxin Bt crop to explore the consequences of spatio-temporal variat...
After replacing Q and K in 2009 with their values from 2013, selection for resistance in H. armigera and H. punctigera for model L under three scenarios about crop planting: (i) cotton (Bt and conventional) is only available in generations 2–4 (black lines); (ii) like (i) but 10% of cotton is also available for generation 5 (red lines and triangles...
After replacing Q and K in 2009 with their values from 2013, relative time to control failure for H. armigera (A,B) and H. punctigera (C,D) versus the proportion of cotton crop (Bt and conventional) that is either (A,C) available late to generation 5 or (B,D) available early to generation 1. This figure is identical to Fig 3 in the main text, excep...
Compressed (zipped) file containing Matlab computer code and the input file used to create S1 and S2 Figs.
(ZIP)
For the Cecil Plains, Pampas, and Nandi landscapes, selection for resistance in H. armigera and H. punctigera under three scenarios about crop planting: (i) cotton (Bt and conventional) is only available in generations 2–4 (black lines); (ii) like (i), but 10% of cotton is also available for generation 5 (red lines and triangles); and (iii) like (i...
For the Cecil Plains, Pampas, and Nandi landscapes, the relative time to control failure for H. armigera (A,B) and H. punctigera (C,D) versus the proportion of cotton crop (Bt and conventional) that is either (A,C) available late to generation 5 or (B,D) available early to generation 1. See Fig 3 in the main text. Results are for model L (black lin...
Volunteer citizen monitoring is an increasingly important source of scientific data. We developed a volunteer program for early detection of new invasive species by private landowners on their own land. Early detection of an invasive species, however, subjects the landowner to the potentially costly risk of government intervention to control the in...
Characterizing trophic networks is fundamental to many questions in ecology, but this typically requires painstaking efforts, especially to identify the diet of small generalist predators. Several attempts have been devoted to develop suitable molecular tools to determine predatory trophic interactions through gut content analysis, and the challeng...
We evaluated an artificial tritrophic exposure system for use in ecotoxicological evaluations of environmental stressors on aphidophagous predators. It consists of an acrylic tube with a Parafilm M sachet containing liquid aphid diet, into which can be added environmental stressors. Immature Cycloneda sanguinea, Harmonia axyridis and Chrysoperla ex...
Ground beetles are significant predators in agricultural habitats. While many studies have characterized effects of Bt maize on various carabid species, few have examined the potential acquisition of Cry toxins from live plants versus plant residue. In this study, we examined how live Bt maize and Bt maize residue affect acquisition of Cry1Ab in si...
Understanding the regulation of natural populations has been a long-standing problem in ecology. Here we analyze the population dynamics of 17 species of saproxylic beetles in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan collected over 11–12 years using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. We first examined the dynamics for indications of the ord...
The majority of Bt maize production in the European Union (EU) is concentrated in northeast Spain, which is Europe's only hotspot where resistance might evolve, and the main target pest, Sesamia nonagrioides, has been exposed to Cry1Ab maize continuously since 1998. The cropping system in northeast Spain has some similar characteristics to those th...
Geographic coordinates for the sampling sites.
(PDF)
The adoption of transgenic Bt cotton has, in some cases, led to environmental and economic benefits through reduced insecticide use. However, the distribution of these benefits and associated risks among cotton growers and cotton-growing regions has been uneven due in part to outbreaks of non-target or secondary pests, thereby requiring the continu...
The majority of Bt maize production in the European Union (EU) is concentrated in northeast Spain, which is Europe’s only hotspot where resistance might evolve, and the main target pest, Sesamia nonagrioides, has been exposed to Cry1Ab maize continuously since 1998. The cropping system in northeast Spain has some similar characteristics to those th...
Geographic coordinates for the sampling sites.
(PDF)
Includes 9 Tables and 7 Figures.
Study System in Spain, Formulation and Parameterization of Model, and Simulation Experiments.
(PDF)
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is a devastating invasive species in the USA. Similar to other insects, olfaction plays an important role in its survival and reproduction. As odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are involved in the initial semiochemical recognition steps, we used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify OBPs in its antenn...
Dose-response assays and surrogate species are standard methods for risk analysis for environmental chemicals. These assume that individuals within a species have unimodal responses and that a surrogate species can predict responses of other related taxa. We exposed immature individuals of closely related aphidophagous coccinellid predators, Cyclon...
The literature about effects of genetically modified plants expressing Cry toxins has several contrasting results regarding detection and effects of Cry toxins on aphids. To test the hypothesis that this variation could be due to a lack of controlled exposure, and not just a lack of toxicity, we used an artificial aphid rearing system to detect acq...
Background:
The frequency of resistance alleles is a major factor influencing the rate of resistance evolution. Here, we adapted the F2 screen procedure for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) with a discriminating concentration assay, and extended associated statistical methods to estimate the frequency of resistance to Cry1F protein in S. frugipe...
Producers in the southeastern USA face significant crop losses from the stink bugs Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (all Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Cotton, peanut, and soybean are major agronomic crops and host plants of stink bugs in the region. We conducted a field plot study to measure the relative longevi...
Uptake of Cry toxins by insect natural enemies has rarely been considered and bioaccumulation has not yet been demonstrated. Uptake can be demonstrated by the continued presence of Cry toxin after exposure has stopped and gut contents eliminated. Bioaccumulation can be demonstrated by showing uptake and that the concentration of Cry toxin in the na...
In the past 10 years, sequestration of Cry toxins and transfer to offspring has been indicated in three insect species in laboratory studies. This work directly demonstrates the sequestration and intergenerational transfer of Cry1F by the parents of the aphidophagous coccinellid predator, Harmonia axyridis, to its offspring. Recently emerged adults...
Analysis of reproductive parameters in H. axyridis in the control and Cry1F treatments.
(DOCX)
Correlations among H. axyridis reproductive parameters.
(DOCX)
Statistical analysis of Cry1F concentration in eggs, neonates, and adults of H. axyridis.
(DOCX)
Coccinellids provide the most effective natural control of soybean aphid, but outbreaks remain common. Previous work suggests that native coccinellids are rare in soybean, potentially limiting soybean aphid control. We compared the coccinellid community in soybean with that of maize to identify differences in how coccinellid species use these habit...
Transgenic Bt maize that produces less than a high-dose has been widely adopted and presents considerable insect resistance management (IRM) challenges. Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has rapidly evolved resistance to Bt maize in the field, leading to local loss of efficacy for some corn rootworm Bt maize events. Doc...
Introduction Generalist Coleopteran predators are major regulators of pest populations. Therefore, studies about the influence of cropping systems on the structure of the community of these predators are important to enhance their preservation in a landscape and conserve their local natural biological control service. In this study, we evaluated th...
Dominance of resistance has been one of major parameters affecting the rate of evolution of resistance to Bt crops. High-dose is the capacity of Bt crops to kill heterozygous insects and has been an essential component of the most successful strategy to manage resistance to these crops. Experiments were conducted to evaluate directly and indirectly...
![Figure 5: The mean ± SEM peak area [ion current (m/z)] for...](profile/Dawn-Olson-2/publication/278726930/figure/fig4/AS:271854585774082@1441826592435/The-meanSEM-peak-area-ion-current-m-z-for-deoxyhemigossypol-D-gossypol-G-and_Q320.jpg)
1. Herbivory often induces systemic plant responses that affect the host choice of subsequent herbivores, either deterring or attracting them, with implications for the performance of both herbivore and host plant. Combining measures of herbivore movement and consumption can efficiently provide insights into the induced plant responses that are mos...
Questions
Question (1)
Can we flash freeze insects (pentatomids about 1.5 cm length) in liquid N and then immediately place them in RNAlater for RNA preservation?
Thank you Deepak and Tim (and hello Tim)! The problem is the RNAlater does not kill the insect very fast, so it will likely synthesize lots of stress related proteins before it dies. The idea is to flash freeze (kill) the insect to stop metabolism, and then put it in RNAlater for transportation. I read the instruction booklet that says not to freeze the sample, but it does not explain why. Is there really a problem? It seems to me that as the frozen sample thaws, the RNAlater will penetrate the sample thereby preserving the RNA.
Also, the problem with breaking the cuticle is that the insect RNA will diffuse out into the solution, and it will be difficult to measure tissue-specific RNA later.
