Darryl Macer

• PhD Hon.D.
• CEO at American University of Sovereign Nations

Bioethics is the love of life (Macer, 1998), and is the construction of all the decisions that we make across the entire planet. This collection of writings involving bioethical deliberations of situations, actions, events and policies that affect human wellbeing and fitness of the environment may at times appear to value more people in positions o...

An introduction the planetary health background and how bioethics has developed to include ethical considerations of all bio or living organisms.

Ethics and Justice in COVID-19 Vaccines and Immunization Statement of the World Emergency COVID19 Pandemic Ethics (WeCope) Committee (10 May 2021) 1. Preamble As an independent, multidisciplinary, and cross-cultural committee, comprised of ethicists from cultures and nations across the world, in the context of our previous statements, we offer the...

Ethical Values and Principles for Healing Society in Light of the COVID-19 Crisis Statement of the World Emergency COVID19 Pandemic Ethics (WeCope) Committee (22 January 2021) 1. Preamble As an independent, multidisciplinary, and cross-cultural committee, comprised of ethicists from cultures and nations across the world, in the context of our previ...

Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download citation Link copied References (39) Abstract These are difficult times. All around the world, tens of thousands of people, young or old, rich or poor, from all walks of life have died in grim situations of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in places suffering from insufficient infrastructure, huma...

As an independent, multidisciplinary, and cross-cultural committee, comprised of ethicists from cultures and nations across the world, in the context of our previous statements, we offer the following recommendations on the concepts of State and Governance in COVID-19 pandemic

A statement from the World Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic Ethics Committee (WECOPE) calling for a stop in the use of war metaphor to describe efforts against COVID-19.

The World Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic Ethics Committee's triage guidelines for COVID-19

The World Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic Ethics Committee offers the following recommendations on the concepts of individual autonomy and social responsibility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

As an independent, multidisciplinary and cross-cultural committee, comprised of experts from cultures and nations across the world, we offer the following recommendations on the concepts of individual autonomy and social responsibility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.eubios.info/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/WeCopeStatementAuton...

Since the advent of modern Western bioethics, ‘autonomy’, generally defined as capacity to make informed decisions in relation to oneself, has developed as an axial ethical principle. Autonomy implies an obligation to respect. Autonomy soon became hegemonic in some contexts and thus underestimates other relevant ethical principles in our shared hum...

https://www.eubios.info/world_emergency_covid19_pandemic_ethics_committee

These are difficult times. All around the world, tens of thousands of people, young or old, rich or poor, from all walks of life have died in grim situations of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in places suffering from insufficient infrastructure, human resources, protective equipment, and/or lack of clear triage decision making protocols. There h...

https://www.eubios.info/world_emergency_covid19_pandemic_ethics_committee

https://www.eubios.info/world_emergency_covid19_pandemic_ethics_committee

Executive Summary: This report aims to promote a greater understanding of the diverse approaches to teaching environmental ethics. It seeks to define concepts, sample programs and identify good practices in environmental ethics teaching, as well as to encourage communication and collaboration through the sharing of diverse experiences. This book h...

Diversity is part of what we call being human. We need an integrated cross-cultural approach to ethics. We should never expect all people to balance the same values in the same way all the time. Nevertheless, there are numerous benefits if the same values, or principles, can be used by all people and societies. All human beings are found as members...

In this paper, we consider the ethics of poultry production from different perspectives, applying both intrinsic and extrinsic ethical principles. We consider the perspectives of the animal, farmer, consumer, breeders, researchers, and policy-makers. Intrinsic ethical factors include feeling pain and experiencing suffering , self-awareness and cons...

An international survey among consumers in developing countries from Asia and Africa on food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) was carried out using structured questionnaires. Data were collected from 453 consumers comprising 265 from Africa and 188 from Asia. Significant difference (p < 0.05) on food safety knowledge attitude and pra...

Introduction: Pharmaceutical companies offer various gifts to physicians to encourage them to prescribe their products. This collaboration has some negative and positive aspects. Different countries have established guidelines to limit the collaboration and reform such relationships. This study aims to determine the attitude of Bangladeshi medical...

p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately affect low and middle-income countries where nearly three quarters of NCD deaths occur. Bangladesh is also in NCD burden. This cross-sectional study was done on 50 health facilities centres at Gazipur district in Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2015 to introduce SARA for better monitoring...

This chapter addresses the questions raised by the use of nanotechnology that may influence biodiversity. There are various definitions of biodiversity, and this chapter will use that of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which is, “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial,...

This chapter discusses some general features of ethics in the diverse countries of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, inside the region of the world called Oceania. Ethics has a central place in the Pacific’s indigenous knowledge systems and processes. Researchers have also played important roles in recent decades as they attempted to articulate...

Climate change casts the issue of equitable access to energy in a new light, because fossil fuel use damages poor communities that use little oil, coal or gas themselves. A range of approaches exist to thinking about these issues and developing more ethical and just patterns of energy use.

This paper presents an analysis of the bioethics Declarations agreed by all member countries of UNESCO with reference to neurosciences. The texts, the 1997 Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, and the 2005 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, provide a number of useful points for countries considering policy f...

There are positive views towards use of science and technology in all Asian countries, and positive views towards use of enhancement in China, India and Thailand. After considering of the widespread use of cosmetic surgery and other body enhancements in Asian countries, and the generally positive views towards letting individuals make choices about...

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v2i1.9802 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(1): 5-6

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i1.9526 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):5

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i1.9523 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(1):3

The Convention on Biological Diversity emerged out of a universal consensus that biodiversity is of immense value to humankind. Although the report adopted the definition of the Convention on Biological Diversity, it reviews the concept of biodiversity as applied to genes, microbes, ecosystems and the planet as a whole. There are a number of accept...

This report provides an overview of the ethical, economic and legal issues associated with energy equity and environmental security. The reasons for focusing on energy and environmental security are compelling. Establishing access to an effective, reliable and safe set of energy resources is one of the most important development goals for Asia Paci...

The attitudes to animal experiments among teachers in Australia, Japan, and New Zealand reveal some differences in the way bioethical concerns are expressedAttitudes to, and the practice of, animal experiments were surveyed in Australia (A), Japan (J), and New Zealand (NZ) in 1993. Mail response questionnaires were sent to a biology (b) and a socia...

There is significant abuse of medical diagnostic technology in some Asian countries to select male fetuses and embryos over female fetuses, which leads to an imbalanced sex ration at birth. The paper discusses the ethics of sex selection, and reviews policies that have been used. Legal measures to prevent this in China and India are described, as w...

This paper presents analysis of interviews conducted at the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) during June to August 1999, which reveal the concerns behind the development of the Ethics in Food and Agriculture Program at FAO. Formal interviews with 103 staff members of all positions and across all divisions of FAO, revealed tha...

Biotechnology and BioethicsBioethicsCross-Cultural BioethicsPerceptions of Ethical BiotechnologyPast and Present ?Bioethical Conflicts? in BiotechnologyFuture ?Bioethical Conflicts? in BiotechnologyBioethics versus Business: A Conflict?Resolution of ConflictsEthical Limits of BiotechnologyCriteria to Assess Whether Biotechnology Research is Ethical...

Biotechnology and BioethicsBioethicsCross-Cultural BioethicsPerceptions of Ethical BiotechnologyPast and Present “Bioethical Conflicts” in BiotechnologyFuture “Bioethical Conflicts” in BiotechnologyBioethics versus Business: A Conflict?Resolution of ConflictsEthical Limits of BiotechnologyCriteria to Assess Whether Biotechnology Research is Ethical...

Public engagement in science and technology has grown in importance as developments in science and technology make increasingly significant impacts on people's lives. Now, efforts to engage publics in social decision-making or consensus-building regarding science and technology involve participation, learning or deliberation opportunities, as well...

A fundamental tension between strategic and non-strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) exists. The former is about CSR for profit-maximisation while the latter is independent of profit. Given, the intensity of discourse and dialogue underway regarding CSR the distinction between these two classes of CSR needs to be more precisely defined....

This chapter examines some of the cultural variation in the ethical factors associated with the use of science and technology. The issues discussed include access to technology, social justice, professional ethics, and value systems. The appropriate implementation of international standards in ethics of science and technology and bioethics is consi...

The case study examines an issue of public health ethics and obesity. How should healthy diets be developed? Can schools associate themselves with commercial fastfood companies? What are the ethical issues related to diet campaigns in an Asia context. The case study elicits several responses from different perspectives. The case study invites reade...

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r2 of b...

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in...

The attitudes that the public in Japan have to gene therapy were surveyed through the use of opinion surveys in 1991, 1993, 1995, 2000 and 2003. This paper presents the results of these surveys on different groups, and in particular examines the open comments that people made in response to being asked whether they would personally use gene therapy...

The attitudes that the public in Japan have to gene therapy were surveyed through the use of opinion surveys in 1991, 1993, 1995, 2000 and 2003. This paper presents the results of these surveys on different groups, and in particular examines the open comments that people made in response to being asked whether they would personally use gene therapy...

The International HapMap Consortium has developed the HapMap, a resource that describes the common patterns of human genetic variation (haplotypes). Processes of community/public consultation and individual informed consent were implemented in each locality where samples were collected to understand and attempt to address both individual and group...

This paper presents the results of public opinion research conducted in Japan on the willingness of persons to contribute their DNA to a genetic database, and the reasons behind their choices. The results are discussed in light of the Act Concerning Protection of Personal Information issued in 2003, and with reference to genetic database projects t...

Rapid advances in medical technology may in the near future make "natural" aging and old age diseases the main causes of human death in affluent societies (apart from accidents). When dealing with end of life issues, medical sociology will need to focus more on life and death in seniors. Understanding the attitudes of older persons toward life and...

The discussion of the ethical, social and legal aspects of human relationships with life has a long history in Asia. While the general principles to resolve bioethical dilemmas in Asia may be similar to global ones, there have been some differences in emphasis, especially in policy-making for environmental and medical ethics. Keywords: bioethics;...

Historical fears over the use of genetic information in Japan cause rural people to hide the presence of genetic disease in their family. In urban and modern Japan, this image is changing and genetic counseling is gradually being introduced. Guidelines of the Japan Society of Human Genetics attempt to protect the clients and their families. Keywor...

The international community has responded to the call for increased management of biotechnology which may harm the environment through participation in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). Some of these agreements contain specific provisions which are at the heart of the foundation, both implicitly and explicitly, for international regulat...

The international community has responded to the call for increased management of biotechnology which may harm the environment through participation in multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). Some of these agreements contain specific provisions which are at the heart of the foundation, both implicitly and explicitly, for international regulat...

Analysis of responses from a 2003 survey of 304 Japanese biotechnology companies found that 93 per cent responded that they had never had a bioethical problem related to biotechnology in their company but 31 per cent did expect to have some kind of problem in the future while 26 per cent already had systems in place to deal with these issues. The o...

Analysis of responses from a 2003 survey of 304 Japanese biotechnology companies found that 93 per cent responded that they had never had a bioethical problem related to biotechnology in their company but 31 per cent did expect to have some kind of problem in the future while 26 per cent already had systems in place to deal with these issues. The o...

Computers are a vehicle for the information age, and are central to the dispersal of descriptive accounts of technology, and to interactive discussion between growing communities. Despite the commitment of all countries to free flow of information and access to knowledge sources based upon social justice there are still ethical problems of the digi...

Computers are a vehicle for the information age, and are central to the dispersal of descriptive accounts of technology, and to interactive discussion between growing communities. Despite the commitment of all countries to free flow of information and access to knowledge sources based upon social justice there are still ethical problems of the digi...

The use of genetically modified (GM) insects for control of human disease can be consistent with common ethical norms of international society to reduce human suffering. This paper considers a range of ethical issues including animal rights, informed consent, community consensus and environmental viewpoints. Each community needs to decide its own p...

In understanding the implicative resonance of biotech applications research and development, it is necessary to apply the intricate consonance of bioethics studies like behaviourome studies in the form of mental mapping in diverse groups of society for trying to resolve moral issues such as IPR or biosafety. Social perception analysis being the sub...

China has had a one-child family policy since 1979 and a National Family Planning Law since 2002. This paper presents analysis of comments from members of the general public and experts in China on the question of reproductive autonomy. The Chinese concept of 'Yousheng' (healthy birth) is more appropriate than eugenics as an expression of Chinese s...

The results of teaching trials among students in Japan are reported, examining their attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and ART over a course of lectures. The students tended to be more negative than the general public over the use of prenatal diagnosis. The results of attitude changes, and example comments to explain the categorization process a...

IntroductionBiosafety is becoming an ever increasingly important issue as more varieties and greater numbers of living modified organisms (LMOs) move across territorial boundaries. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) that, at its core, attempts to strike a balance between trade interests in biotec...

Many have claimed that education of the ethical issues raised by biotechnology is essential in universities, but there is little knowledge of its effectiveness. The focus of this paper is to investigate how university students assess the information given in class to make their own value judgments and decisions relating to issues of agricultural bi...

To examine the professional moral duty of health care workers (HCWs) in the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Descriptive discussion of media reports, analysis of ethical principles and political decisions discussed in the outbreak, with particular emphasis on the events in mainland China and Taiwan. There were differenc...

One of the central questions in the development of international biotechnology policy is whether persons have the same concepts of benefit and risk between countries, and how these views influence the policy. The first part of this paper presents analysis of comments on the benefits, risks and moral acceptability of biotechnology in Japan as viewed...

One of the central questions in the development of international biotechnology policy is whether persons have the same concepts of benefit and risk between countries, and how these views influence the policy. This paper presents results of recent research on people's attitudes to biotechnology in Japan, including analysis of comments on the benefit...

Ethics and information activities are related in a number of ways. This paper discusses the role of UNESCO regarding information ethics. The main commitment of UNESCO is “free flow of information and access to knowledge sources,” and the organization has held various meetings and congresses to this purpose. Then the author’s project on mental mappi...

Books reviewed: Dena S. Davis - Genetic Dilemmas: Reproductive Technology, Parental Choices, and Children's Futures Lori Andrews - Future Perfect: Confronting Decisions about Genetics H. Haker and D. Beyleveld - The Ethics of Genetics in Human Procreation

The issue of large-scale, population based DNA collections has become a world-wide discussion, which is hoped to bring substantial improvements in medicine. Continuous access to clinical data linked to the genetic samples is very important for some research that aims to find significant association between genes and diseases. This raises ethical is...

FAO has a unique and essential rolein addressing the ethical problems facinghumanity and in making these problems intoopportunities for practical resolution. A broadrange of ethical issues in agriculture,fisheries, and forestry were identified byanalysis of the literature and by interviewswith FAO staff. Issues include sharing accessto and preservi...

A brief review of some of the key issues in policy relating to the ethical issues raised by medical biotechnology in developing countries is presented, using India as an example. A series of some key issues is discussed, including information obtained from interviewing Indian government policy makers. Some of the issues discussed include: Economic...

This paper presents the main findings of a research project that investigated how biotechnology companies in different countries address bioethical issues. The study comprised a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews with international organisations and academics in Japan, Europe and North America. While the research clearly indicated that...

This paper presents the main findings of a research project that investigated how biotechnology companies in different countries address bioethical issues. The study comprised a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews with international organisations and academics in Japan, Europe and North America. While the research clearly indicated that...

An ambitious project aims to chart the territory of ideas: vast but, conceivably, not infinite.