Darren Southee

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Verified

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Loughborough University

This paper investigates the measurement capability, dynamic response, and mechanical reliability of all 3D-printed multi-material thermistors. The thermistor design consisted of three main components: a polycarbonate (PC) substrate, a silver (Ag) electrode pair, and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thermosensit...

Purpose Cushioning is a useful material property applicable for a range of applications from medical devices to personal protective equipment. The current ability to apply cushioning in a product context is limited by the appropriateness of available materials, with polyurethane foams being the current gold standard material. The purpose of this st...

Complications associated with diabetes are numerous, including foot problems which in extreme cases can lead to amputations. Current management involves the use of foam diabetic foot insoles (DFI) to provide cushioning, however load bearing capacity is limited, and designs often do not provide a comfortable or efficacious fit. This study aspires to...

Metal-based materials, such as silver or copper, are highly desired as current collector materials for flexible energy storage due to their excellent electrical properties but lack the long-term operational electrochemical stability. Herein we report a method to prevent the corrosion of such materials, while fully exploiting their electrical proper...

Multi-material manufacturing through the hybridisation of printed electronics and additive manufacturing has gained great interest recently. However, such hybridisation attempts are not trivial due to the need for functional material development and compatible process identification, as well as further performance understanding, comprehensive chara...

The coffee ring effect regularly occurs during the evaporation of colloidal droplets and is often undesirable. Here we show that adding a specific concentration of a surfactant can mitigate this effect. We have conducted experiments on aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes that were prepared with cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromi...

We present preliminary work optimising 3D printed porous triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, formed using Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) elastomer with Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). We examine the compressive properties of a Split P TPMS structure for changes in the unit cell porosity for a fixed unit cell size of 10mm. Prelimi...

This paper investigates the effect of material extruded body armour specimen size on stab penetration depth and back-face signature (BFS) and establishes the minimum thickness required for a series of material extrusion materials to provide protection against the UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB) body armour KR1-E1 requirements....

In this research, fully metal oxide, capacitive humidity sensors for printed electronic applications have been designed and fabricated through the development of conductive indium tin oxide and dielectric aluminum oxide inks for the screen-printing process. Sensors were printed in a parallel plate configuration in 4 and 9 cm2 conductive plate areas...

Two screen printing inks were developed for the low-temperature fabrication of printed and flexible thick film negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors able to operate at room temperature. The first of the two screen printing inks developed utilised cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) as the temperature sensing material with the second ink incorpora...

Manufactured resistors in conventional electronics are classified into tolerance groups ranging from <1% for high stability film types (E192) to 20% (E6) which are often carbon-based and utilised in less critical resistance value contexts such as current limiting or pull-up/down applications[1]. One of the major identified challenges in the printed...

Metallic and semiconductor nanowires can provide dramatically increased electrical and optical properties in a wide range of fields, ranging from photovoltaics to sensors and catalysts. In this research, a rapid manufacturing process has been developed for printing indium tin oxide microparticles and converting them into nanowires. Microparticle in...

The mass commercialization of electronic textiles is currently hindered due to the lack of reliable manufacturing technologies of energy storing textiles. To incorporate energy storage as a part of a garment, it must be manufactured in a systematic manner, allowing the integration of multiple components of electronic textiles simultaneously. Aiming...

We explore the potential drivers for and barriers to interdisciplinary education in design from the student learning perspective. To achieve this, a series of in-depth student interview studies were conducted at two interdisciplinary design schools in the Republic of Korea and the UK. Results indicated both awareness and synthesis of interdisciplin...

The continuing rise in the popularity of smartphones has led to an accompanying rise in the exposure of users to privacy threats as in the case of unintended leakage of personal information from apps. To improve transparency and the ability of users to control data leakage, the design of privacy-enhancing tools aimed at reducing the burden of infor...

Abstract— In this research the use of micron and nanoparticle metal oxide materials for conductive and dielectric screen printing inks were investigated. Screen printed parallel plate capacitors were fabricated to research the applications of these inks. Conductive, micron-particle indium tin oxide (ITO) screen printing inks were formulated for the...

The humidity sensing properties of sputter coated indium tin oxide (ITO) and printed dielectric structures were tested for samples with sheet resistances ranging from 10Ω/sq to 50Ω/sq. ITO/Polymer composite sensors were fabricated to form a parallel plate capacitive based humidity sensor that could detect relative humidity within a tested range of...

Three types of commercially available conductive three-dimensional (3D) printing filament are electrically characterised for use in 3D-printed functional devices. The three plastics were carbon dispersed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, carbon dispersed polylactic acid (PLA) and graphene dispersed PLA. The method of 3D printing used was material ex...

This work reports the microwave assisted fabrication of highly conducting Al doped ZnO (AZO), Ga doped ZnO (GZO) and Al, Ga co-doped ZnO (AGZO) materials as cheaper earth abundant alternatives to indium tin oxide (ITO) for transparent conducting applications. All three doped-ZnO powder samples were compressed into pellets and their electrical prope...

This paper focuses on the challenges of meeting agency requirements as it pertains to the application of human factors in the medical device development (MDD) process. Individual case studies of the design and development process for 18 medical device manufacturers located in the US and EU were analyzed and compared using a multiple case study desi...

Aqueous dispersions of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanopowder were prepared and the effect of the addition of PEG 400, Tween 80 and β-alanine as dispersants was investigated using zeta potential and particle size distribution measurements. Both PEG 400 and β-alanine were found to produce stable dispersions that were used to deposit ITO thin films...

This paper addresses the teaching of emerging technologies to design students, using ‘printed electronics’ as an example as it recently became viable to mass manufacture and is ready for use in designs. Printed electronics is introduced as a disruptive technology, and approaches employed in knowledge transfer to industrial/product designers is revi...

Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films were fabricated on float glass substrates from a nanoparticle suspension using a new and inexpensive aerosol-assisted chemical transport (AACT) process. The influence of the solvent type, loading level and film deposition time on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the deposited thin films was invest...

This 2015 edition of the E&PDE conference was made possible through the commitment and efforts of many people. Special thanks go to Judith Grace, Ahmed Kovacevic, Brian Parkinson, Erik Bohemia and Andrew Weeks for their excellent wisdom in organizing this conference. Nadine Pearce and Charlotte Whitehead from the Institution of Engineering Designer...

Design-oriented new product development (NPD) has been recognised as beneficial for company growth; however, there is limited reporting on the understanding of its effectiveness in a real-world context especially in Chinese SMEs. This paper aims to explore issues related to the implementation of designer-led NPD in a Chinese SME. An experiment was...

Fibre supercapacitors were designed and manufactured using a dip-coating method. Their electrochemical properties were characterized using a VersaSTAT 3 workstation. Chinese ink with a fine dispersion of carbon and binder was coated as the electrode material. The specific capacitance per unit length of a copper fibre supercapacitor with the length...

The medical device industry creates life changing innovation and advances the practice of medicine, the health of consumers and provides employment. (AdvaMed 2014) The device industry, along with the medical practice is highly collaborative and heavily regulated. As such, designers need to know as much about the individual (patient) end use as they...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown pr...

This paper examines the traditional engineering-based provision delivered to Product Design and Technology (B.Sc.) undergraduates at the Loughborough Design School and questions its relevancy against the increasing expectations of industry. The paper reviews final-year design projects to understand the level of transference of engineering-based kno...

In the absence of any single coherent all-encompassing theoretical model of designing, this study seeks to review and rationalize theories of design process as the foundational framework for exploring where value is added through design. This leads to an interim design process ontology, or more simply; a terminological framework which can accommoda...

1. Modeling Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function of One-dimensional Random Rough Surfaces with the Finite Difference Time Domain Method, PP. 101-106 2.Fabrication and Characterisation of Flexible Coaxial Thin Thread Supercapacitors, PP. 107-115 3. Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer with Thermal Radiation in an Enclosure in Case of...

Flexible coaxial thin thread supercapacitors were fabricated semi-automatically using a dip coating method. A typical coaxial thin thread supercapacitor of a length of 70 cm demonstrated a specific length capacitance of 0.3 mF cm−1 (11.2 mF cm−2 and 2.18 F cm−3) at 5 mV s−1, the device exhibited good electrochemical performance with a high volume e...

Design oriented innovation has been recognized as beneficial strategy for organisational development. However, limited research explored how it can be embedded into the New Product Development (NPD) practice in Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This research mainly focuses on producing a conceptual designer-led NPD process model for intr...

An energy storage device - a coaxial single fibre supercapacitor - was developed using a dip coating method and characterised using electrochemical methods. The specific capacitance per unit area and length were calculated to be 3.18 mF cm(-2) and 0.1 mF cm(-1), respectively, for a 2.6 cm supercapacitor. A 70 cm long fibre supercapacitor was then w...

Flexible strip supercapacitors are developed and their electrochemical properties are characterized. Activated carbon is used as the electrode material and it is found to have a good porous structure which provides a large surface area for energy storage. Furthermore, this activated carbon performs well. The manufacturing processes for the supercap...

This paper reports progress in the development of strain sensors fabricated using the Conductive Lithographic Film (CLF) printing process. Strain sensitive structures printed via an unmodified offset lithographic printing press using a silver loaded conductive ink have been deposited concurrently with circuit interconnect, to form an electronic sma...

Purpose Microcontact printing is a process used to print high‐resolution protein arrays for biosensors. The paper aims to investigate using these techniques to print electrically conductive fine line structures for electroluminescent (E/L) light sources. Design/methodology/approach The viability of using microcontact printing as a process for elec...

Novel thermochromic graphic displays manufactured by printing thermochromic ink films in conjunction with conductive lithographic films (CLFs) are presented. Work in formulating lithographic printing inks is described. The properties of the deposited ink films and demonstration display structures employing these materials are discussed. These low-c...

Recent Government announcements have implied that wind power will play a major part in providing energy for the UK (BBC 20075. BBC. 2007. Wind ‘could power all UK homes’ [online], British Broadcasting Corporation. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7135930.stm [Accessed 20 January 2008] View all references). However, there is mu...

This paper reports the design and manufacture of three differing types of electrically resistive strain sensitive structures fabricated using the conductive lithographic film (CLF) printing process. The structures, utilising two inks prepared with silver and graphite particulates as the active phase, have been analysed to determine electrical and m...

Purpose It has been shown that circuit interconnects and various passive components can be fabricated on a variety of flexible substrates using the offset lithographic process. This paper reports on a feasibility study investigating the manufacture of voltaic cells deposited via offset lithography. Design/methodology/approach The Leclanché cell, a...

Flexible electroluminescent displays are reported that are produced using offset lithographic printing of interdigitated electrodes. The electroluminescent phosphors can be laid down using a variety of printing methods depending on particle size. Small particles can easily be incorporated into printable ink formulations. These displays utilising in...

This paper reports progress in the fabrication of voltaic cells and batteries via offset lithographic printing. Successful design and manufacture of lithographically printed voltaic cells would facilitate the integration of printed passive components, interconnects and display elements for disposable electronics in low-volume, low weight circuits a...

We report flexible, multi-colored electroluminescent displays that are produced using offset lithographic printing of interdigitated electrodes. These displays can be mass produced at low cost as they require no transparent conducting oxides as anode. Applications include back-lighting, large-scale low-cost lighting displays, and low-resolution dis...

Bond strength in SMT (Surface Mount Technology) components using electrically conductive adhesive to join components to lithographically printed circuit boards.

This paper reports progress in sensor fabrication by the conductive lithographic film (CLF) printing process. Work describing strain-sensitive structures manufactured using a modified printing process and conductive inks is addressed. The performance of a "single-ink" strain-sensitive structure when printed on six alternative substrates (GlossArt,...

Osama Seeker is an Art installation exhibited initially at ‘Interventions’ in Southampton. Julie Henry (Anthony Wilkinson Gallery) and Giles Perry (then Goldsmiths College) were the two contemporary artists involved. This paper discusses the design and realisation processes from the perspective of the collaborative technologist and designer, Darren...

Techniques for Reducing The Cost Of Diagnostic Packaging using the (CLF) Conductive Lithographic Film circuit printing process.

Paper Institute Research Association seminar on 'smart' packaging. Conductive Lithographic Films as an enabling technology.

This paper reports progress in sensor fabrication by the conductive lithographic film (CLF) printing process. Work describing strain sensitive structures manufactured using a modified printing process and conductive inks are addressed. The performance of a 'single ink' strain sensitive structure when printed on six alternative polymer substrates (G...

G.I. Hay, P.S.A. Evans, G. Simpson, P.M. Harrey, D. Southee & D.J. Harrison. 2nd. IEEE International Conference on Sensors. Toronto, Canada. Oct 22-24, 2003. Conductive Lithographic Film Fabricated Resistive Strain Gauges. (Proc. IEEE. Oct. 2003. Vol. 1, pp. 248- 252. ISBN: 0-7803- 8133-5)

A handheld pattern reader has been developed to read low visibility conductive patterns on paper. The patterns are formed by masking conductive paper with a non-conductive, printed lacquer. The reader was developed as part of an EU-funded project investigating methods of augmenting paper. Data read from the patterns was used to trigger events in th...