Darko Koracin

• Desert Research Institute

Supporting material for: Koračin, D., Dorman, C.E. & Fernando, H.J.S. (2024) Frontal effects on the rapid formation of a deep layer of marine fog and cloud in the NW Atlantic. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 150(765), 4820–4837. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4843

The prediction of fog using numerical weather forecasting models is a continuing challenge due to the combined influence of processes at different spatial and temporal scales as well as nonlinear interactions between them, especially in coastal regions. The focus of this work is on a specific mixing‐fog event observed during the “Toward Improving C...

Fog continues to intrigue scientists because it is complex and often unpredictable. In this study, we unravel the intricacies of an unusual fog event at Zagreb Airport in December 2015. Contrary to conventional wisdom, fog dissipated at an atypical hour. The research presented here addresses the fundamentals of this fog event using a multidisciplin...

Rapid formation of a deep layer of fog and clouds extending to a height of 2 km was observed over Sable Island off Nova Scotia on 13–14 July 2019. This fog and cloud event was dominantly caused by the rapid intrusion of a trough from a cyclone over NE Canada. The trough quickly moved from SW–W to E–NE and encroached on the coastal waters of Nova Sc...

Observations show that the northeast Pacific (NEP) is a fog-prone area in winter compared with the northwest and central Pacific where fog rarely occurs in winter. By synthesizing observations and reanalysis results from 1979 to 2019, this study investigates the atmospheric circulation and marine atmospheric boundary layer structure associated with...

Wind and solar energy are expected to play a major role, in the near future electricity generation mix. However, wind and solar energy-based generation are intermittent and non-dispatchable, not being suitable to supply base-load electric power. Their greater penetration and grid integration are critical issues due to their inherent intermittency a...

Wind energy is a weather and climate-dependent energy resource with natural spatio-temporal variabilities at time scales ranging from fraction of seconds to seasons and years, while at spatial scales it is strongly affected by the terrain and vegetation. To optimize wind energy systems and maximize the energy extraction, wind measurements on variou...

Climate predictions of air temperature in coastal regions represent a great challenge due to the complex interactions among the atmosphere, sea, and land. With approximately 1,200 islands, the Adriatic is a region with a strong land‐sea contrast, land‐atmosphere feedback, and intense air‐sea interaction. Because the Mediterranean has been regarded...

This study presents the first global‐scale comprehensive climatology of marine fog and is based on ICOADS ship present weather observations for the period 1950–2007. In general, the median marine fog occurrence away from the polar oceans is low (0.2%). Substantially greater marine fog occurrences are limited to four regions, not including the polar...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2019, held in Lake Tahoe, NV, USA in October 2019. The 100 papers presented in this double volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 163 submissions. The papers are organized into the following topical sections: Deep Learning I; Compu...

This study investigates A severe air quality degradation event occurred in the Santiago Metropolitan Area (SMA), Chile, in June 2014. Meteorological and air quality measurementsfrom 11 stations in the area as well as numerical simulations using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model were used to explain the main reasons for the occurrence...

To diagnose the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) biases on temperature and precipitation patterns in the western United States, we analysed atmospheric and coupled global climate model (GCM) simulated output from the Coupled and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project versions 3 and 5 (CMIP3, AMIP3, CMIP5, and AMIP5). We further analyse...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2018, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA in November 2018. The total of 66 papers presented in this volume was carefully reviewed and selected from 91 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: ST: computational bioimaging; com...

All problems inherent to models’ imperfection and generally insufficient vertical and horizontal resolution, as well as inability to obtain full and accurate initial and boundary conditions, amplify for fog predictions. This is due to a huge span of relevant parameters and processes ranging from aerosols to hemispheric synoptic conditions. Understa...

Herein, an analysis is presented of the world’s marine fog distribution based upon the International Comprehensive Ocean-atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) ship observations taken during 1950–2007. Fog, shallow fog, and mist are taken from routine weather reports that are encoded in an ICOADS ship observation with the “present weather” code. Occurrence i...

Marine fog has a significant impact on human activities and the environment. A substantial portions of all accidents at sea worldwide occur in the presence of dense fog. Fog’s disruption of marine transport, harbor activities, coastal road traffic, and life threatening situations are often in the news. Fog transports droplets and their ions, aeroso...

This volume presents the history of marine fog research and applications, and discusses the physical processes leading to fog's formation, evolution, and dissipation. A special emphasis will be on the challenges and advancements of fog observation and modeling as well as on efforts toward operational fog forecasting and linkages and feedbacks betwe...

The two volume set LNCS 10072 and LNCS 10073 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2016, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA in December 2016. The 102 revised full papers and 34 poster papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 220 submissions. The papers are organized...

A detailed description of the meteorological conditions of the Washoe Valley (Nevada) and simulations that examine the predictability of the westerly high wind event known as the Washoe Zephyr are presented. Numerical weather model prediction skill is computed for day-ahead (24-48 h) forecasts of wind speed at a meteorological tower on the Virginia...

Physical and chemical characteristics within the two distinct meteorological regimes, i.e., convective and stable atmospheric conditions in a complex highly urbanized terrain of the California South Coast Air Basin (CSCAB; the Los Angeles area) were investigated. The Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used with a horizontal resoluti...

The main issues related to assessment and forecasting of the wind and wind energy have been reviewed. These include the limitations and advantages of wind forecasting and assessment of the wind power density, especially considering trends of increasing penetration of wind-generated power into the utility grid and storage of wind-generated power. Ac...

Wind power has been acclaimed as one of the most potential and techno- economically viable renewable energy sources of power generation. In addition, wind energy is a clean, plentiful and sustainable energy sourcewith almost zero pollution during the wind energy conversion system operation. Utilization of wind energy in generation of electricity is...

The two volume set LNCS 8887 and 8888 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2014, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA. The 74 revised full papers and 55 poster papers presented together with 39 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 280 submissions. The papers are...

Although buoy and aircraft measurements, as well as numerical simulations, have shown intense over-shelf and slope dynamics of the west coast of the United States in the summer upwelling season, satellite footprint limitations of approximately 25 km resolution have thus far precluded long term, spatially extended monitoring of the near-coastline dy...

Lien sur le site éditeur : http://www.springer.com/computer/image+processing/book/978-3-642-41913-3

Lien sur le site éditeur : http://www.springer.com/computer/image+processing/book/978-3-642-41913-3

Spatial and temporal characteristics of the wind velocity in complex terrain, relevant to wind energy resources were investigated in this study. Data from one 80 m and four 50 m towers located within a range of 200 km in western Nevada, U.S., operated from August 2003 to March 2008 were used in the analysis. The average multi-annual wind speed did...

The main objective of the study was to investigate spatial and temporal characteristics of the wind speed and direction in complex terrain that are relevant to wind energy assessment and development, as well as to wind energy system operation, management, and grid integration. Wind data from five tall meteorological towers located in Western Nevada...

The two volume set LNCS 8033 and 8034 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2013, held in Rethymnon, Crete, Greece, in July 2013. The 63 revised full papers and 35 poster papers presented together with 32 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 220 submissi...

The two volume set LNCS 8033 and 8034 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2013, held in Rethymnon, Crete, Greece, in July 2013. The 63 revised full papers and 35 poster papers presented together with 32 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 220 submissi...

Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) from coastal buoys suggests that the summertime over-shelf water temperature off the U.S. West Coast has been declining during the past 30 years at an average rate of -0.19°C decade-1. This cooling trend manifests itself more strongly off south-central California than off Oregon and northern California. The...

Sub-kilometer dynamical downscaling was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) models. The models were configured with horizontal grid spacing ranging from 27 km in the outermost telescoping to 333 m in the innermost domains and verified with observations collected at four 50-m towers in west-...

Wind turbine power performance for the energy production calculations has traditionally been modeled assuming a set of simple average input meteorological conditions. Wind turbine power curve tests are also performed with this assumption, based on criteria defined in the IEC-12-1 standard. While this approach has proven to be adequate for the wind...

High temporal and spatial variability in wind and solar power brings difficulties in integrating these resources into an electricity grid. These difficulties are even more emphasized in areas with complex topography due to complicated flow patterns and cloudiness evolution. This study investigates the feasibility and efficiency of a proposed renewa...

This paper implements an individual station-based downscaled approach based on a quantil- quantile bias correction mapping to further downscale regional gridded simulated output into individual station locations. We describe and propose a framework to optimize the usefulness of this downscaling approach over small watersheds in mountain regions, wh...

The two volume set LNCS 7431 and 7432 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2012, held in Rethymnon, Crete, Greece, in July 2012. The 68 revised full papers and 35 poster papers presented together with 45 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 200 submissi...

The North American Monsoon (NAM) exhibits large intraseasonal variability related to tropical westward moving waves and mid-latitude eastward moving waves. The interaction of these synoptic-scale features modulate monsoon bursts and breaks and the occurrence of moisture surges up-Gulf of California, which in turn are related to extreme rainfall epi...

In order to investigate regional predictions of future climate for the Western United States, predictions of precipitation from dynamically downscaled regional climate model products were compared with the goal of determining how each method represents current and future spatial precipitation patterns. In particular, interannual precipitation patte...

High temporal variability in wind speed and downward shortwave flux at ground surface has been evidenced by observations. The values also change spatially due to topography, cloud cover and other characteristics of the planetary boundary layer. Numerical weather prediction provides grid-scale resolved values; however, the sub-grid-scale part genera...

The main objective of this study was to investigate the capabilities of the receptor-oriented inverse mode Lagrangian Stochastic Particle Dispersion Model (LSPDM) with the 12-km resolution Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) wind field input for the assessment of source identification from seven regions impacting two receptors located in the eastern United Sta...

The main objective of this study was to investigate the causes as well as the temporal and spatial dynamics of ozone pollution during three high ozone episodes in the northeastern Mediterranean Basin using surface measurements and WRF/Chem model simulations. The simulation results revealed that the analyzed episodes were mainly caused by the impact...

The two volume set LNCS 6938 and LNCS 6939 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2011, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in September 2011. The 68 revised full papers and 46 poster papers presented together with 30 papers in the special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected from more than...

The two volume set LNCS 6938 and LNCS 6939 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2011, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in September 2011. The 68 revised full papers and 46 poster papers presented together with 30 papers in the special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected from more than...

Flights of rotorcraft over the desert floor can result in significant entrainment of particulate matter into the atmospheric boundary layer. Continuous or widespread operation can lead to local and regional impacts on visibility and air quality. To account for this pollutant source in air quality models, a parameterization scheme is needed that add...

Regional/mesoscale models are often utilized for wind resource estimates, owing to the low spatial and temporal representativeness of routine measurements and global reanalysis. In many applied scientific disciplines including wind engineering, it is often considered that the higher resolution the better, i.e. that increased horizontal resolution o...

Simulated evolution of climate and weather is sensitive to the specification of their initial state. Small errors in the initial state could lead the forecast into a different direction. It is essential to estimate the impact of the uncertainty in initial conditions on the forecast accuracy. For limited-area or regional forecasting, lateral boundar...

The uncertainty of wind turbine performance measurements is closely related to the uncertainty of the wind velocity and other meteorological parameters. An inherent uncertainty in the power curve estimate is by using the wind speed measured at the hub height, as such considerable deviations often occur between the expected and produced power. Wind...

Regional/mesoscale models currently provide useful wind power density products. Besides the traditional use in numerical weather prediction, this type of model is often used for regional wind resource estimates, owing to the low spatial and temporal representativeness of routine measurements. In many applied scientific disciplines including wind en...

The second annual Nevada Renewable Energy Consortium meeting took place at UNLV on August 20. The meeting focused on the current three NVREC program areas: Solar, Biomass and Geothermal. Presentations were made by participating entities and a poster session followed.

The ability of receptor models to estimate regional contributions to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was assessed with synthetic, speciated datasets at Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge (BRIG) in New Jersey and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) in Tennessee. Synthetic PM2.5 chemical concentrations were generated for the summer of 2002 us...

To elucidate the relationship between factors resolved by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model and actual emission sources and to refine the PMF modeling strategy, speciated PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm) data generated from a state-of-the-art chemical transport model for two rural sites in the e...

Regional/mesoscale models currently provide reliable wind power density products. Besides the traditional use in numerical weather prediction, this type of model is often used for regional wind resource estimates, owing to the low spatial and temporal representativeness of routine measurements. In many applied scientific disciplines including wind...

This study addresses downscaling methodology for monthly surface air temperature from global climate model (GCM) horizontal grid resolutions (> 100 km) to regional scales (< 10 km) appropriate for climate impact studies. Preliminary hindcast analysis for the period 1950-2008 indicated that the minimum temperatures extracted from the GCMs at 46 indi...

There is much uncertainty about future climate change and its impact on the environment. In particular, it is crucial to estimate the variability of atmospheric parameters relevant to future hydrological resources. This assessment is further complicated by the unknown future greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. While many studies focus on a particula...

The objective of this work effort was to characterize wind shear and turbulence for representative wind-developable areas in Nevada.

The wind potential in western Nevada was assessed by using wind, temperature, and pressure data over a period of four and half years from four 50 m tall towers. The seasonal wind patterns for all towers show a maximum during the spring season. Diurnal wind speed patterns for all seasons and months showed a minimum during the late morning and a maxi...

The circulation along the California Coast in June 1999 was influenced by strong upwelling-favourable winds. To study the ocean circulation and upwelling variability, the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was setup for the California and Baja California coasts and it was forced with interactively computed wind stress and surface heat fluxes. Atmospheric...

The two volume set LNCS 5875 and LNCS 5876 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2009, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in November/December 2009. The 97 revised full papers and 63 poster papers presented together with 40 full and 15 poster papers of 7 special tracks were carefully reviewed and...

The two volume set LNCS 5875 and LNCS 5876 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2009, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in November/December 2009. The 97 revised full papers and 63 poster papers presented together with 40 full and 15 poster papers of 7 special tracks were carefully reviewed and...

Abstract: Two methods of using a Lagrangian random particle dispersion model in air quality simulations will be presented. For the purpose of source-oriented modeling, a hybrid Lagrangian dispersion and Eulerian chemistry were coupled to study the effects of ozone in a coastal region. The Lagrangian model was providing transport and dispersion of o...

It is generally known that to accurately resolve atmospheric processes and winds in topographically developed terrain, regional/mesoscale model resolution should be on the order of a kilometer or so. Since these models are still common tools for producing wind density potential maps, it is important to investigate their capabilities and accuracy co...

Many of the urban areas classified as non-attainment for ambient air pollutants are located in coastal areas. While much of the uncertainty in developing an understanding of the causes of reduced air quality in these areas is due to uncertainty in the emissions inventories, along the coast the situation is confounded by the complex meteorology asso...

During the summertime bora episode of 22–25 June 1995, characterized by hazardous weather conditions with strong winds of over 20 m s−1, two satellite-tracked drifters were present in the Adriatic shelf area. One was on the open sea south of the Istrian Peninsula, while the other, which measured the surface current of 70 cm s−1, was tracked along t...

Significant uncertainties in the prediction of pollutant transport and dispersion limit the accuracy of air quality in areas with complex terrain, such as along the California coastline, which suffers from elevated air pollutant concentrations. Typical Lagrangian air quality models treat the dispersion of plumes better than Eulerian models but the...

A summer wind speed maximum extending more than 200 km occurs over water around Point Conception, California, the most extreme bend along the U.S. West Coast. The following several causes were investigated for this wind speed maximum: 1) synoptic conditions, 2) marine layer hydraulic flow effects, 3) diurnal variations, 4) mountain leeside downslop...

The two volume set LNCS 5358 and LNCS 5359 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2008, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA, in December 2008. The 102 revised full papers and 70 poster papers presented together with 56 full and 8 poster papers of 8 special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected...

Dust emissions due to low-level flight of a helicopter are studied as part of the Integrated Desert Terrain Forecasting for Military Operations project. Atmospheric concentrations of PM 10 were measured at different heights downwind of the helicopter flight path. Digital video images captured the entrainment and dispersion of the dust plume formed...

A numerical study using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) was performed to assess the impact of initial and boundary conditions, the parameterization of turbulence transfer and its coupling with cloud-driven radiation, and cloud microphysical processes on the accuracy o...

LONG-TERM GOALS The goals of this project are to increase our understanding of weather predictability and to develop capabilities to provide more accurate forecasts and nowcasts in complex terrain using ensemble modeling techniques and special observations including remote sensing. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of the study are: 1) To develop and...

Currently used dispersion models, such as the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD), process routinely available meteorological observations to construct model inputs. Thus, model estimates of concentrations depend on the availability and quality of meteorological observations, as well as the specification of surface characteristics at the observing si...

A method based on a statistical approach of estimating uncertainty in simulating the transport and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants is developed using observations and modeling results from a tracer experiment in the complex terrain of the southwestern USA. The method takes into account the compensating nature of the error components by represe...

The Euler equations are solved for non-hydrostatic atmospheric flow problems in two dimensions using the Conservation Laws Package (CLAWPACK). The CLAWPACK software uses high-resolution Godunov-type methods for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. These finite volume discretizations are conservative and have the ability to resolve regions of steep...

This inaugural event is dedicated to showcasing the renewable/sustainable energy projects of UNLV faculty, staff, students, and collaborators, as well as other external projects underway statewide and nationally. The development and utilization of new technologies to protect the environment, achieve energy independence, and strengthen the economy w...

The main objectives of the study were to support wind energy assessment for all of Nevada by providing two annual cycles of high-resolution mesoscale modeling evaluated by data from surface stations and towers, estimating differences between these annual cycles and standard wind maps, and providing wind and wind power density statistics at elevatio...

It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the Proceedings of the 3rd - ternational Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2007) held in Lake Tahoe, Nevada/California. ISVC o?ers a common umbrella for the four main areas of visualcomputing including vision,graphics,visualization,andvirtualreality.Its goal is to provide a forum for researchers, s...

It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the Proceedings of the 3rd - ternational Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC 2007) held in Lake Tahoe, Nevada/California. ISVC o?ers a common umbrella for the four main areas of visualcomputing including vision,graphics,visualization,andvirtualreality.Its goal is to provide a forum for researchers, s...

The “Wind Events and Shelf Transport” (WEST) program was an interdisciplinary study of coastal upwelling off northern California in 2000–03. WEST was comprised of modeling and field observations. The primary goal of WEST was to better describe and understand the competing influences of wind forcing on planktonic productivity in coastal waters. Whil...

An array of five buoys and three coastal stations is used to characterize the winds, stress, and curl of the wind stress over the shelf off Bodega Bay, California. The wind and wind stress are strong and persistent in the summer and weak in the winter. In the summer, wind and stress decrease strongly across the shelf, toward the coast. Combinations...

The accuracy of quantitative forecasting of low-level operational cloud products such as the cloud top height, cloud top pressure and cloud thickness is rather low. Reliable forecasting of the low-level clouds (cloud top altitudes below 2-3 km) such as fog, stratus or stratocumulus is essential for aviation safety purposes. With the advent of an in...

In this paper we present an approach to use prior knowledge in the particle filter framework for 3D tracking, i.e. estimating the state parameters such as joint angles of a 3D object. The probability of the object’s states, including correlations between the state parameters, is learned a priori from training samples. We introduce a framework that...

Indirect or passive observations using satellite remote sensing in the visible, infrared and microwave spectra provide global coverage of the thermal states of the cloud tops or the ground surface. The commonly employed temperature profile matching techniques using satellite data and numerical weather prediction models are only relatively successfu...

We present a novel structure tensor for matrix-valued images. It allows for user defined parameters that add flexibility to a number of image processing algorithms for the segmentation and smoothing of tensor fields. We provide a thorough theoretical derivation of the new structure tensor, including a proof of the equivalence of its unweighted vers...

We present a novel fully-automatic approach for estimating an articulated skeleton of a moving subject and its motion from body marker trajectories that have been measured with an optical motion capture system. Our method does not require a priori information about the shape and proportions of the tracked subject, can be applied to arbitrary motion...

Elevated levels of ozone (O3) remain a serious issue throughout the U.S. Approximately 90 urban areas in the U.S., containing some 30% of the U.S. population, still exceed the O3 standard, with little immediate prospect of attainment. All the major urban areas in California are classified as non-attainment for O3. Control of O3 in the troposphere i...

Chemically speciated PM2.5 and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) measurements were made at three sites near urban Tong Liang, Chongqing, a Chinese inland city where coal combustion is used for electricity generation and residential purposes outside of the central city. Ambient sampling was based on 72-hr averages between 3/2/2002...