Darius K.-S. Chan

Chinese University of Hong Kong | CUHK · Department of Psychology

This study addresses how entrepreneurial motivation (i.e., perceived recognition, sense of independence, pursuit of learning/ innovation, perceived role model, and perceived financial success) relates to the intentions to venture into a new business. The study also explores the moderating roles of individualism and collectivism in the relations. Ba...

This study addresses how goal orientation relates to different job search strategies to increase the chance of finding employment and quality jobs. We integrate the goal orientation theory with self-control to examine how the orientation of goals (i.e., performance-prove goal orientation (PPGO), performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) and learnin...

Employability may play an important role in the job seeking behavior and well-being among unemployed youth. To date, the literature has tended to study the indicators of employability individually, without considering the intertwinement among them. The present research (N = 447 unemployed youth [16 to 24 years] in Hong Kong) addressed this gap. We...

This study investigated the effects of age and future time perspective of the relationship (FTPR) on emotional and behavioral responses to workplace conflicts. A daily diary study that lasted for 15 consecutive workdays was conducted among 141 younger and older Hong Kong Chinese managerial employees. Compared with younger employees, older employees...

This study validates Shane et al.’s Entrepreneurial Career Motives Scale across nations. A total sample of 948 undergraduate and postgraduate students from five nations (China = 229, Hong Kong = 213, Holland = 136, United States = 155, and Ghana = 215) were recruited to complete a survey designed to measure their entrepreneurial motives and other r...

This paper examines the role of ethical leadership in mitigating the effects of abusive supervision and subsequent impact on employee outcomes including interaction justice, job attitudes and well‐being. We examined two sets of moderated mediating models to link positive and negative leader behaviors together by taking on a subordinate‐centric pers...

Wealth inequality is a prevalent social issue. The present study focuses on acceptance of wealth inequality, and considers personal income, perceived upward mobility, and future time perspective as its antecedents, and collective action intention as its outcome. With reference to the social identity literature and socioemotional selectivity theory,...

Previous procedures for meta-analyzing dependent correlations have been found to overestimate or underestimate the true variation in effect sizes. Samplewise-adjusted procedures have been shown to perform better than simple within-study means when meta-analyzing dependent correlations. However, such procedures cannot be applied when correction for...

Across three studies, we investigated whether threats to belongingness influence the tendency to use social relationships as a source of meaning in life (MIL), and in turn, perceived levels of MIL. This study builds on previous similar work in this area (e.g.; Hicks and King in J Posit Psychol 4:471–482, 2009), by explicitly measuring the tendency...

Moral licensing theory suggests that observers may liberate actors to behave in morally questionable ways due to the actors’ history of moral behaviors. Drawing on this view, a scenario experiment with a 2 (high vs. low ethical) × 2 (internal vs. external motivation) between-subject design (N = 455) was conducted in the current study. We examined w...

The study examined the roles of job search motives, goal orientation and financial hardship in explaining job search behaviour. Employment commitment and job search expectation mediated the relation between goal orientation and job search behaviour. The study has practical implications for career counsellors and coaches for job seekers in Ghana.

More and more researchers use meta-analysis to conduct multivariate analysis to summarize previous findings. In the correlation-based meta-analytic structural equation modeling (cMASEM), the average sample correlation matrix is used to estimate the average population model. Using a simple mediation model, we illustrated that random effects covariat...

This study investigates how humor usage (including positive and negative humor styles) influences employees' responses to the same stressful events, namely, the auto-correlation between stress experiences at two time points. Moreover, it examines differences between Australian and Chinese employees in such effects via bicultural comparisons. Result...

In the current experiments, we examined the cognitive, emotional, and motivational consequences of being mechanistically (Study 1) and animal-istically (Study 2) dehumanized, and explored the moderating role of self-esteem in these effects. In Study 1, receiving dehumanization evaluations in the mechanistic form produced cognitive deconstruction an...

Socioemotional selectivity theory proposes that older adults emphasize emotional goals and interpersonal closeness to a greater extent than do younger adults, suggesting that holding social work-related values (SWVs) may be beneficial to older employees. This project aimed at examining two dimensions of SWVs, intrinsic and extrinsic SWVs, and teste...

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the relations between abusive supervision and emotional exhaustion and intent to leave were examined, as well as the gender differences in these relations. Moreover, the moderating effect of self-esteem was tested in an integrated model stipulating that the gender-moderating effect was mediated by th...

Money is an important factor that influences the development of romantic relationships. The current paper examines how the feeling of having relatively more or less money influences human mating strategies in long-term and short-term mating contexts under the framework of evolutionary psychology. We recruited mainland Chinese college students invol...

Purpose – This study aimed to examine younger and older employees’ use of five conflict strategies to handle an actual conflict incident with other employees. With reference to the socioemotional selectivity theory, this study tests whether older employees, as compared with younger employees, would use more avoiding to handle conflicts with supervi...

The current studies were designed to explore the structure of sources of meaning in life among Chinese university students. In Study 1, we content-analyzed 171 students’ answers to the question of what made their lives meaningful and derived 74 frequently mentioned ideas. Then, we composed a questionnaire based on these ideas and administered it to...

Three experiments examined the effects of interpersonal security, defined as a sense of being loved, protected, or cared for through social interactions, on individuals' inclination to dehumanize other people and their preference for harsh actions that might bring pain and suffering to others. In Experiment 1, participants who were primed with inte...

The presence of dependent correlation is a common problem in meta-analysis. Cheung and Chan (2004, 2008) have shown that samplewise-adjusted procedures perform better than the more commonly adopted simple within-sample mean procedures. However, samplewise-adjusted procedures have rarely been applied in meta-analytic reviews, probably due to the lac...

This cross-sectional study examined how self-assessed physical attractiveness and earning capability were associated with individuals' sense of power through self-perceived mating success and investment size in romantic relationships among 196 young adults (88 men, 98 women) from Nanjing, China. Using path analysis, we tested the following hypothes...

The current study examined whether deliberating on social targets' instrumentality for attaining one's own personal goals led to dehumanization of these targets. Participants evaluated the instrumentality of social targets and then rated them on high/low human nature and uniquely human traits. Findings from the experiment indicated that participant...

We examined young Chinese women's mate preferences as a function of their self-perceived attractiveness and career attitudes. A total of 264 young Chinese women rated their own attractiveness, reported their attitudes toward career, and rated the importance of 20 mate characteristics. The characteristics encompassed four facets that individuals typ...

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of social work-related values on job performance through job satisfaction and tested whether age and work situation would moderate such associations. Methods: This study consists of two parts: Part 1 is a cross-sectional survey among 299 Chinese clerical employees aged 19-60 years and Part 2 is a 14...

The current research examined whether nations differ in their attitudes toward action and inaction. It was anticipated that members of dialectical East Asian societies would show a positive association in their attitudes toward action/inaction. However, members of non-dialectical European-American societies were expected to show a negative associat...

The current study was designed to investigate factors related to stress of conscience among emergency medical technicians in China. One hundred and seventy-five doctors and nurses from emergency departments completed questionnaires measuring demographic information, two personality traits (i.e. responsibility and logical-affective orientation), str...

Two studies investigated whether one dimension of action–state orientation, namely, persistence-volatility, would moderate the effect of implementation intentions on goal progress. Results from Study 1 indicated that spontaneous implementation intentions predicted goal progress 2 weeks later only among participants who scored high on persistence. I...

This study was designed to examine media choice in performance feedback, an organizational communication process that has been overlooked in the literature. Specifically, we adopted a multifaceted approach and examined how contextual variables in feedback, variables identified from media choice theories, and individual differences in media percepti...

In two experiments, we investigated the effect of regulatory focus (Higgins, Am Psychol, 52, 1280-1300, 1997) on people's maintenance and switching behavior. In the experimental tasks, participants were asked to react selectively to one category of stimuli while ignoring the other. After several practice trials, participants had to switch either to...

This study examined gender differences in covert fidelity management among dating individuals in China. Fidelity management refers to tactics and behaviors people use to monitor their partners’ fidelity. Two hundred and thirty two young adults (18–26 years old, M = 23.44, SD = 1.93) primarily from the cities of Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, and Guangzhou...

Since 1970, mainland China has been undergoing social and economic reforms that have brought about astonishing economic success. This article reveals that these social and economic changes have led to many changes in Chinese interpersonal relationships, and family structures and processes. They are not limited to mainland China but can also be seen...

Adult attachment has been studied as an important predictor of romantic relationship quality in many empirical studies. This meta‐analysis quantitatively summarized the associations between the two insecure adult attachment dimensions, anxiety and avoidance, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral indicators of romantic relationship quality based...

Two studies were designed to investigate the effects of implementation intentions on predictable and unpredictable task-switching. In Study 1, participants were asked to react to stimuli presented in an unpredictable task sequence and results reveal that implementation intentions facilitated switching to critical stimulus at the cost of poorer perf...

A survey of Chinese employees was conducted in China to examine the antecedents and consequences of a pro-disparity norm concerning the pay disparity associated with expatriate managers and with Chinese managers recruited from distant geographical areas (outside managers). These two groups, especially expatriate managers, tend to receive high salar...

With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and...

This study was designed to examine the process of attachment transfer from parents to peers, as well as factors related to this transfer process among Mainland Chinese. A total of 147 Chinese college students (with a mean age of 21.44) completed questionnaires that measured attachment style, attachment transfer, attachment support from various figu...

This study was designed to examine whether self-esteem can be used as a source of evaluative conditioning, and whether implicit or explicit self-esteem was more predictive of the evaluative conditioning effect. Moreover, the role of contingency awareness in the acquisition of the evaluative conditioning effect was also examined. Words related to th...

This study was designed to examine the job-related, psychological, and physical outcomes of sexual harassment in the workplace. Using a meta-analytic approach, we analyzed findings from 49 primary studies, with a total sample size of 89,382, to obtain estimates of the population mean effect size of the association between sexual harassment and job-...

The present meta-analysis examined the tenure, age, and gender differences in the relationship between job insecurity and its job-related and health-related consequences. A total of 133 studies, providing 172 independent samples, were included in the analysis. Our results basically replicated Sverke et al.'s (2002) meta-analytic findings with an up...

In meta-analysis, it is common to have dependent effect sizes, such as several effect sizes from the same sample but measured at different times. Cheung and Chan proposed the adjusted-individual and adjusted-weighted procedures to estimate the degree of dependence and incorporate this estimate in the meta-analysis. The present study extends the pre...

This study examined how goal conflict influences the pattern of the moderating effects of intention stability on the intention-behavior relations in the context of physical activity participation. A longitudinal study of 136 young adult students with three waves of data collection (a 2-week interval between waves) was conducted. Results showed a si...

This study examined the prevalence of online pornography viewing and its psychosocial correlates among a sample of young Chinese men in Hong Kong. A total of 229 participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure their online pornography viewing, peer and parental influences, openness to experience, and various types of sex-related attitude...

The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the theory of reasoned action as a basis for understanding and predicting gay men's intentions to perform AIDS-related sexual behaviors. A total of 314 self-identified gay or bisexual men from Seattle, Denver, and Albany participated in the study. They were asked to indicate their intention...

This study was designed to examine the qualities of online friendships with different gender compositions that had been maintained for varying periods of time. A total of 167 Hong Kong Internet-users rated the qualities of their same-sex and cross-sex online friendships on measures such as intimacy, trust, self-disclosure, and relational satisfacti...

This study examined the antecedents and consequences of intergroup contact between African Americans and White Americans. In Triandis's [(1992). Paper presented at the meeting of the international congress of psychology, Brussels, Belgium; Triandis, Kurowski, & Gelfand (1994). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 4, 2nd ed.) (...

In the present article, a commonly used meta-analytic procedure for handling dependent effect sizes from a single sample was examined, and 2 revised procedures that estimate and incorporate the degree of interdependence were proposed. The authors' simulation results reveal that the commonly used procedure that averages the effect sizes from a singl...

The present study was designed to compare offline and online friendship qualities at different stages of relationship development. The sample consisted of 162 Hong Kong Internet users. They were asked to think of two friends, one they knew through face-to-face interactions and one they knew through the Internet, and then describe the qualities of t...

This study examined factors affecting condom use by Hong Kong female sex workers when they have sex with their clients and steady partners. Our respondents consisted of 109 active female sex workers, mainly streetwalkers or sex workers who worked in villas. During a 30-minute interview, respondents were interviewed individually and were asked quest...

Research on American students has indicated that a subjective overachiever strives to attain outstanding performance but is also chronically plagued by self-doubt. The present investigation compared Chinese college students in Hong Kong and Singapore to their Caucasian American counterparts in an attempt to examine the similarities and differences...

L’objectif de la présente recherche était l’étude de la façon dont la distance sociale perçue par des salariés de Hong Kong affecte leurs attributions et perceptions d’une situation de conflit, ainsi que leurs choix des procédures de résolution du conflit. 122 autochtones ayant affirmé avoir des contacts interculturels dans le cadre de leur emploi...

This article investigates the relationship between culture, personality, and deception in a simulated international management negotiation at multiple levels of analysis. `Deception' was operationalized here as the propensity to lie and bribe. As predicted, at the cultural level the results from a scenario study with 1583 participants from eight cu...

Comparing factor structures across samples has long been an important topic in psychological research. Traditionally, the congruence coefficient is used to measure the degree of similarity between 2 factor matrices. However, as the congruence coefficients do not have known sampling distributions, it is difficult to assess factor replicability stati...

This study was designed to examine the impact of sexual harassment on Hong Kong Chinese women in the workplace and in college. Questionnaires assessing sexual harassment incidents experienced by self, perceived prevalence of sexual harassment in the organization, job or study satisfaction, and organizational commitment were completed by 77 female s...

This study was designed to examine the impact of sexual harassment on Hong Kong Chinese women in the workplace and in college. Questionnaires assessing sexual harassment incidents experienced by self, perceived prevalence of sexual harassment in the organization, job or study satisfaction, and organizational commitment were completed by 77 female s...

Using Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TOPB), this study examined wastepaper-recycling behavior among college students in Hong Kong. Two hundred and eighty-two college students completed a questionnaire designed to measure various constructs related to recycling behavior. The results reveal that TOPB significantly predicted both behavioral inten...

This study examined the determinants of Hong Kong Chinese college students' intentions to engage in premarital sexual behavior. Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory of reasoned action (TOFA) and Ajzen's (1985) perceived behavioral control were used as the theoretical framework for our investigation. Two hundred and thirty eight students completed a q...

Type X collagen is a short-chain homotrimeric collagen expressed in the hypertrophic zone of calcifying cartilage. The clustering of mutations in the carboxyl-terminal NC1 domain in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) suggested a critical role for this type X collagen domain, but since no direct analysis of cartilage has been conducted in SM...

This article presents a method that uses scenarios for the measurement of horizontal (H)and vertical (V) individualism (I) and collectivism (C) across cultures, with university samples. The scenarios were developed by using focus groups, to cover a wide range of social situations often found among university students. Graduate student judges indica...

Cultural differences in the relation between self-discrepancy and subjective well-being were examined. Participants from India (N = 54) and the United States (N = 55) listed 10 goals they set for themselves and their parents set for them. They rated the importance of own and parental goals from their own and their parents' perspective. They also co...

Cultural differences in the relation between self-discrepancy and subjective well-being were examined. Participants from India (N = 54) and the United States (N = 55) listed 10 goals they set for themselves and their parents set for them. They rated the importance of own and parental goals from their own and their parents' perspective. They also co...

The skeleton of a child with osteogenesis imperfecta type III, resulting from the substitution of glycine 586 by valine in the triple helical domain of the alpha 2 (I) chain of type I collagen, was severely porotic but contained lamellar bone and Haversian systems. From early childhood, structural failure of the bone resulted in the disruption of g...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type IB is a rare subset of the mildest form of OI, clinically characterized by moderate bone fragility, blue sclera, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Cultured skin fibroblasts from two unrelated individuals (OI-197 and OI-165) with the typical features of OI type IB produced shortened alpha2(I) chains. Reverse transcript...

Type X collagen is a short chain collagen expressed in the hypertrophic zone of calcifying cartilage during skeletal development and bone growth. The alpha1(X) homotrimer consists of three protein domains, a short triple helix (COL1) flanked by nonhelical amino-terminal (NC2) and carboxyl-terminal (NC1) domains. While mutations of the NC1 domain re...

Although there has been progress in the definition, antecedents, and consequences of individualism and collectivism, there are some fundamental issues that need to be resolved. This study examined two such issues: the dimensionality of individualism and collectivism, and the relationship of these constructs to authoritarianism. Thirty-eight America...

The stages of behavior change model has been used to understand a variety of health behaviors. Since consistent condom use has been promoted as a risk-reduction behavior for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, an algorithm for staging the adoption of consistent condom use during vaginal sex was empirically developed using th...

The construct of tightness-looseness is considered to be important in differentiating cultures (Pelto, 1968; Triandis, 1977, 1989). The objective of the present paper is to advance understanding of this construct. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the construct and formulate some general research hypotheses derived from our concep...

A heterozygous mutation in the COL2A1 gene was identified in a patient with hypochondrogenesis. The mutation was a single nucleotide transition of G3285T that resulted in an amino acid substitution of Cys for Gly⁹¹³ in the α1(II) chain of type II collagen. This amino acid change disrupted the obligatory Gly-X-Y triplet motif required for the n...

Collectivism and individualism are cultural syndromes that have some common cores. Allocentrism and idiocentrism are constructs at the individual level that correspond to collectivism and individualism respectively at the cultural level. In two studies, the first with American (from Illinois) and the second with Japanese subjects, we examined the b...

A heterozygous single base change in exon 49 of COL1A1, which converted the codon for proα1(I) carboxyl-terminal propeptide residue 94 from tryptophan (TGG) to cysteine (TGT) was identified in a baby with lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI64). The C-propeptide mutations in OI64 and in another lethal osteogenesis imperfecta cell strain (OI26), which...

A child with typical spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita had a recurrent, heterozygous substitution of arginine 789 by cysteine in the triple helical domain of alpha 1 (II) chains of type II collagen. The amino substitution was due to the transition of cytosine 2913 to thymine in exon 41 of the COL2A1 gene. The amino acid substitution involved t...

An autosomal dominant mutation in the COL2A1 gene was identified in a fetus with achondrogenesis type II. A transition of G2853 to A in exon 41 produced a substitution of Gly769 by Ser within the triple helical domain of the alpha 1(II) chain of type II collagen, interrupting the mandatory Gly-X-Y triplet sequence required for the normal formation...

A heterozygous de novo G to A point mutation in intron 8 at the +5 position of the splice donor site of the gene for the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I procollagen, COL1A1, was defined in a patient with type IV osteogenesis imperfecta. The splice donor site mutation resulted not only in the skipping of the upstream exon 8 but also unexpectedly had...

In assessing college women's intentions to tell their partners to use condoms every time they have sexual intercourse, the present study examined the applicability of the theory of reasoned action (TORA, Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), and the additional prediction contributed by Ajzen's (1985) perceived behavioral control and Triandis’(1977) emotional re...

A child with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita was shown to be heterozygous for a mutation of the COL2A1 gene that encodes the alpha 1 (II) chain of type II collagen. The alpha 1 (II) chains extracted from cartilage contained disulfide-bonded dimeric and trimeric alpha 1 (II) chains. Carboxymethylation confirmed that some of the type II collag...

A child with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita was shown to be heterozygous for a mutation of the COL2A1 gene that encodes the alpha1(II) chain of type II collagen. The alpha1(II) chains extracted from cartilage contained disulfide-bonded dimeric and trimeric alpha1(II) chains. Carboxymethylation confirmed that some of the type II collagen cha...

Hypothesized that reciprocal strategies (RSs) are effective in inducing others to cooperate only when there are large incentives to cooperate. The effects of 2 types of RSs were contrasted: in a soft (responsive) strategy (SFS) and in a tough (unresponsive) strategy (TS). Two experiments were conducted with 240 male undergraduates in 5-person and 8...

Part 1 of the paper presents a theoretical framework that includes some of the major variables that need to be considered in diversity training. A key point is that each diversity relationship, for example men-women or African-vs European-Americans, has its own “culture” (institutionalized ways of thinking and acting derived from historical/experie...

In a recent paper (Fishbein et al., 1992) gay men's attitudes and subjective norms were found to be accurate predictors of their intentions to perform a variety of sexual behaviors. In addition, the relative importance of norms as determinants of intention was found to be greater in Seattle (a city with a well organized gay community) than in Alban...

Type I collagen alpha 1(I) glycine to serine substitutions, resulting from G-to-A mutations, were defined in three cases of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The Gly substitutions displayed a gradient of phenotypic severity according to the location of the mutation in the collagen triple helix. The most C-terminal of these, Gly565 to Ser, led to the le...

Antibodies to human type II collagen were examined in the sera of 105 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 44 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 11 patients who fulfilled the criteria of both diseases (RA-SLE overlap), using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). The frequencies of antibodies to native and denatured human type...

Cultured dermal fibroblasts were shown, using amplification of cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction, to produce very low levels of spliced transcripts from the COL2A1 gene that encodes the cartilage-specific α1(II) chains of type II collagen. Cultured lymphoblastoid cells were also shown to produce very low levels of spliced transcripts from the C...

A chemical cleavage method for detecting mismatched bases in heteroduplexes formed between patient mRNA and control cDNA probes was employed to identify a single base mutation in a heterozygous case of osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. The parents' fibroblast mRNA did not contain the mutation. The region of the mRNA mismatch was amplified by using t...

The dermis of a child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS-IV) contained about 11% of the normal amount of type III collagen and cultured dermal fibroblasts produced a reduced amount of type III procollagen which was secreted poorly. Type III collagen produced by these cells contained normal and abnormal alpha-chains and cyanogen bromide peptid...

Procollagen biosynthesis and matrix deposition were studied in long-term human skin fibroblast cultures exposed to ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid specifically stimulated types I and III collagen synthesis, reaching a maximum at day 2 and maintaining a specific high rate of production until day 10 of ascorbate exposure, after which collagen production...

The structure and metabolism of type I and III collagens were studied in fibroblast cultures and dermis from 25 unrelated patients including 23 with typical Marfan syndrome and two infants with a very severe clinical form of this syndrome. Electrophoretic analysis of collagen alpha-chains, as well as one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis of coll...

The effect of glycine-to-arginine mutations in the alpha 1 (I)-chain on collagen triple-helix structure in lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta was studied by determination of the helix denaturation temperature and by computerized molecular modelling. Arginine substitutions at glycine residues 391 and 667 resulted in similar small decreases in...